颅咽管瘤复发次数与术后生活质量的关系

目的探讨颅咽管瘤复发次数与术后病人生活质量的关系。方法回顾性分析39例复发颅咽管瘤病人的临床资料与随访结果。病人术后生活质量按Karnofsky生活质量评分法评估,分为:能工作或上学、生活能自理、生活不能自理、死亡。结果肿瘤全切除33例(84.6%),次全切除6例(15.4%)。围手术期死亡2例(5.1%)。术后平均随访15.5个月,随访期第1次复发者与第2次复发者生活质量无明显差异;第3次、第4次复发者术后生活质量明显恶化。结论第3次和第4次复发颅咽管瘤的治疗应以改善病人生活质量为主,不宜强求根治性切除肿瘤。     

颅咽管瘤手术的临床研究

目的研究手术切除颅咽管瘤的方法和疗效。方法在显微镜的辅助下对64例颅咽管瘤患者进行手术,术中根据肿瘤与周围重要神经、血管、三脑室、蝶鞍、垂体柄的位置关系以及粘连情况来具体决定切除程度,对于不易全切的囊性、囊实性肿瘤术毕瘤腔内置入Ommaya管,术后瘤腔注入96钇进行内放射治疗。结果经术中观察和影像学证实,17例全切,47例次全或部分切除加置Ommaya管内放射治疗,出院后随访6个月~1 a,能工作学习或生活自理56例,生活需照顾8例,无死亡病例。结论在严格保护下丘脑功能的前提下,对于不易全切的颅咽管瘤,不盲目追求肿瘤全切,术中放置Ommaya管术后继续内放射治疗,并发症少,病人生活质量得到明显改善。     

颅咽管瘤手术的临床研究

目的研究手术切除颅咽管瘤的方法和疗效。方法在显微镜的辅助下对64例颅咽管瘤患者进行手术,术中根据肿瘤与周围重要神经、血管、三脑室、蝶鞍、垂体柄的位置关系以及粘连情况来具体决定切除程度,对于不易全切的囊性、囊实性肿瘤术毕瘤腔内置入Ommaya管,术后瘤腔注入96钇进行内放射治疗。结果经术中观察和影像学证实,17例全切,47例次全或部分切除加置Ommaya管内放射治疗,出院后随访6个月~1 a,能工作学习或生活自理56例,生活需照顾8例,无死亡病例。结论在严格保护下丘脑功能的前提下,对于不易全切的颅咽管瘤,不盲目追求肿瘤全切,术中放置Ommaya管术后继续内放射治疗,并发症少,病人生活质量得到明显改善。     

经额下终板入路显微切除颅咽管瘤

目的探讨手术全切除颅咽管瘤的有效方法。方法10例视交叉前置型或突入三脑室前部的颅咽管瘤,采用经终板入路,术中在显微镜下切除肿瘤,并注意保护下丘脑神经结构和防止穿通动脉的损伤。结果9例患者达到肿瘤全切除,1例次全切除。术后9例正常生活,1例患者术后生活自理。随访14个月至5年未见肿瘤复发,视力视野都有不同程度的改善。结论经额下终板入路显微切除视交叉前置型或突入三脑室前部的颅咽管瘤,术中注意保护下丘脑结构和穿支动脉,术后可以取得满意疗效。     

颅咽管瘤的显微外科治疗(附94例分析)

目的 探讨颅咽管瘤的显微手术治疗经验与技巧.方法 回顾性分析94例颅咽管瘤的显微手术方法、并发症和治疗结果,总结临床治疗过程中的体会.病人中男性居多,为58例（61.7%）.88例（93.6%）表现为神经系统及内分泌系统症状,最常见的症状为头痛,计75例（79.8%）.手术经扩大翼点入路71例,经额下入路19例,经半球间-纵裂入路2例,经蝶入路2例.结果 肿瘤全切除87例,次全切除4例,部分切除3例.最常见的术后并发症为垂体功能低下及尿崩.随访2～5年;正常工作生活84例,生活自理4例,生活需要照顾2例,死亡4例.结论 采用显微手术全切颅咽管瘤,效果良好.鞍区颅咽管瘤采用翼点入路是最佳选择.     

经胼胝体-穹隆间入路切除突入第三脑室内颅咽管瘤

目的 探讨切除鞍上突入第三脑室内颅咽管瘤的显微手术人路及疗效.方法 经胼胝体-穹隆间入路显微手术切除46例突入第三脑室内的颅咽管瘤.结果 肿瘤全切33例,近全切10例,部分切除3例;随访46例,随访时间3个月-15年,其中39例术后恢复正常工作和生活,8例术后复发.结论 经胼胝体-穹隆间入路切除第三脑室颅咽管瘤疗效显著.此入路能最大限度地保护正常脑组织,并在明显提高肿瘤全切率的同时做到较少的术后并发症.     

颅咽管瘤囊内引流治疗8例报告

报告肿瘤大部分切除后行囊内-纵裂池引流治疗颅咽管瘤8例,术后颅内压均恢复正常,7例视力均获改善;除1例再次手术后死于丘脑下部损害外,余随访1年4个月至3年2个月已能自理生活和恢复部分工作或学习。认为本病不具备全切除条件时,宜采用本法。     

颅咽管瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨颅咽管瘤显微手术切除的入路和方法。方法回顾性分析175例经显微手术切除的颅咽管瘤的临床资料,其中经右翼点入路163例,经胼胝体前入路5例,经翼点-胼胝体前联合入路7例。结果 肿瘤全切除149例,次全切除20例,大部切除6例。术后出现尿崩127例,发热40例,电解质紊乱94例。142例随访1个月～10年,复发28例;按GOS预后评分,5分118例,4分8例,3分12例,1分4例。结论颅咽管瘤早期诊断,显微手术全切除效果理想,巨大、实质性肿瘤且伴有糖尿病者手术危险性较大。翼点入路是鞍区颅咽管瘤显微手术切除的最佳入路,强调术中精细操作,术后严密观察和及时处理并发症。少数难治性颅咽管瘤治疗困难,手术仍是主要的治疗方式。     

经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路显微手术切除第三脑室内颅咽管瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路显微手术切除第三脑室内颅咽管瘤的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2011年2月至2017年9月经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路显微手术切除的17例第三脑室内颅咽管瘤的临床资料,术前均行对侧侧脑室外引流术。结果 肿瘤全切除14例 ,次全切除2例,部分切除1例。术后出现尿崩症8例,电解质紊乱14例,癫痫1例,高热1例,短期记忆力减退4例。术后长期昏迷1例,死亡1例;15例康复出院。13例术后随访3个月~6年,肿瘤复发2例。结论 经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路为切除第三脑室内颅咽管瘤的有效途径;术前行脑室外引流术有助于减轻脑积水及减少术后并发症。     

颅咽管瘤手术入路的选择

目的 探讨颅咽管瘤的个体化手术入路的选择.方法 时我科从2009年4月～2011年7月收治的26例颅咽管瘤患者,结合患者术前症状和体征、影像学特点、手术入路、手术效果和随访情况等进行回顾性分析.结果 经翼点入路11例中,8例全切除,近全切除3例.额下入路3例,2例全切除,1例近全切除.前纵裂入路3例,经胼胝体入路6例,经终板入路4例,均全切肿瘤.术后主要并发症为:尿崩症(84.6％),血电解质紊乱(61.5％)和癫痫(15.4％).术后随访3～30个月,21例患者正常工作生活.结论 根据患者的具体病情选择合适的手术入路,有助于增加颅咽管瘤手术全切率,降低患者的病死率及致残率,极大地提高患者术后的生活质量.     

颅咽管瘤术后并发症的预防及处理（附72例报告）

目的探讨颅咽管瘤切除术后的并发症及其防治措施。方法回顾性分析我科从2004年1月至2009年6月收治的颅咽管瘤患者72例。结果肿瘤全切除38例,次全切除34例。并发症大致可分为尿崩症和水、电解质代谢紊乱、体温调节异常、癫痫发作、上消化道出血、意识障碍、无菌性脑膜炎、脑脊液鼻漏及其它,给予对症或再次手术,治愈及好转出院66例,死亡6例。随访1～60月,随访期中死亡4例,长期尿崩3例,需激素替代治疗12例。结论颅咽管瘤切除术是富于挑战性的手术,并发症发生率高,术后及时发现和处理并发症有助于患者顺利康复。     

前纵裂人路显微手术切除颅咽管瘤

目的探讨前纵裂人路显微手术切除颅咽管瘤的方法和治疗效果。方法回顾性分析43例经前纵裂人路手术的颅咽管瘤病人的临床资料,其中复发颅咽管瘤2例。分析其术前评估、手术技巧和术后处理。结果肿瘤全切除30例,次全切除13例。垂体柄保留37例,切除6例。术后视力恢复或好转32例,无明显变化2例。术后并发症：多饮多尿9例,其中一过性尿崩症5例;电解质紊乱6例;颅内感染1例。本组无脑脊液漏及死亡病例。32例随访6。24个月,无肿瘤复发。结论经前纵裂人路能很好暴露手术视野,对脑组织损伤小,是手术切除中线生长的颅咽管瘤安全、有效的手术人路。但术前全面评估选择合适的手术入路也至关重要。     

Moyamoya syndrome precipitated by cranial irradiation for craniopharyngioma in children

Recently, combination of surgery and radiation therapy (RT) has been recommended in the treatment of craniopharyngioma. RT could be associated with late complications, including vasculopathy. We report two cases of the moyamoya syndrome seen in children with craniopharyngioma who received RT after surgical resection. Thirty-five patients in pediatric age with craniopharyngioma were surgically treated. Fifteen out of 35 patients underwent surgical resection followed by RT or gamma knife surgery. Two of the 15 were found to have symptoms of transient ischemic attack and were diagnosed as moyamoya syndrome through the cerebral angiography. Age at RT was 4 and 13 years, respectively. The latent period for development of the moyamoya syndrome was 27 months and 3 years, respectively, after RT. The RT dose of both patients was 54 Gy. These two patients received bilateral encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis procedures. We report here these two cases of radiation-induced moyamoya syndrome in pediatric craniopharyngioma. Pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma who received RT should be reminded, during follow-up, about the risk of development of the moyamoya syndrome.     

颅咽管瘤全切除术及术后并发症的防治

目的 探讨颅咽管瘤全切除术的手术方法和并发症的防治措施。方法 24例鞍区颅咽管瘤，术前进行糖皮质激素的替代疗法和抗癫痫药物治疗。手术采取翼点人路，从鞍区各个手术间隙分块切除肿瘤。术后严密观测病人的意识、尿量和血清电解质，及时防治尿崩症、电解质紊乱等并发症。结果 22例达到全切，2例有少部分残余，无明显神经功能障碍。发生尿崩症16例，电解质紊乱12例，体温失衡6例。经过处理，电解质紊乱和体温失调完全纠正，13例尿崩症痊愈，3例缓解。结论 选用合适的手术入路，熟悉鞍区的各个手术间隙解剖是完成颅咽管瘤全切除术的关键。术前进行糖皮质激素替代治疗，术后严密监测尿量和血电解质，积极处理并发症，可以有效降低手术病死率。     

儿童和青春期垂体腺瘤的经蝶手术治疗

目的探讨年龄小于17岁的儿童及青春期垂体腺瘤的诊断及其经蝶窦显微外科手术治疗。方法本组20例(垂体PRL腺瘤7例，ACTH腺瘤5例，GH腺瘤4例，无功能腺瘤4例)均行经蝶窦显微外科垂体腺瘤切除术。结果肿瘤全切除18例，部分切除2例；随访8个月～8年，治愈75％，缓解25％，复发5％；常见并发症为尿崩症(25％)和电解质紊乱(25％)。结论经蝶窦垂体腺瘤切除术是治疗儿童及青春期垂体腺瘤的安全有效的方法：     

Craneofaringiomas: experiencia y resultados

IntroductionCraniopharyngiomas are a big challenge in the neurosurgical field. Because these lesions involve important systems, surgeons must weigh the risks of aggressive resection against the long-term challenges of recurrence. We present the outcomes of our patients based on clinical results, degree of resection, recurrence and disease-free survival.Materials and methodsWe reviewed medical records in all patients who had undergone surgical resection for craniopharyngioma at (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires) between 2007 and 2019. We considered ophthalmological examinations, imaging studies, endocrinological studies and surgical complications. Radical resections were planned in all of the patients. To help choose the correct surgical approach, craniopharyngiomas were classified based on tumor location.ResultsThirty cases of craniopharyngioma were analysed. 12.5% were classified as intrasellar, 12.5% as prechiasmatic, 43.75% as retrochiasmatic, and 31.25% as intraventricular. Overall, 38 cases involved a transcranial surgery (15 orbitozygomatic approach; 19 pterional approach and 4 transcallosal approach), seven involved a transsphenoidal approach, two microscopic transnasal approach and one ventricular endoscopy for emptying the craniopharyngioma cyst. Gross-total resection was achieved in 43.7% and near-total resection (more than 90%) in 25%. The mean follow-up period after resection was 4.7 years. Tumor recurrence occurred in 48%, with an average of 42.7 disease-free months.ConclusionTotal tumor resection is the best treatment for craniopharyngioma. Due to its high morbidity and mortality, a multidisciplinary team is necessary for the management of these tumors.     

颅咽管瘤的个体化治疗分析

目的 探讨颅咽管瘤个体化治疗方法以及不同治疗方法的适应症。方法 2011~2013年收治颅咽管瘤83例,首次发病者行手术切除,不能耐受开颅手术者行立体定向囊液抽吸+32P囊内放疗或伽玛刀治疗;囊性为主复发者行立体定向囊液抽吸+32P囊内放疗,合并实体病变者结合伽玛刀治疗;病变体积小,未侵及下丘脑以及第三脑室的实体复发者采取开颅手术治疗;术后残余、复发实体病灶无法实施手术切除者行伽玛刀治疗。结果 开颅手术切除46例;采取立体定向囊液抽吸+32P囊内放疗32例,其中11例同时接受伽玛刀治疗;单独接受伽玛刀治疗5例。所有患者随访11~40个月,治疗有效75例,稳定4例,进展4例。并发症发生率为45.8%。结论 颅咽管瘤患者的治疗方案,应根据患者具体临床表现及影像学特征,个体化制定、实施。     

瘤腔内间质放疗治疗囊性颅咽管瘤的疗效观察(附75例报告)

目的探讨和观察囊性颅咽管瘤的最佳治疗方法及其疗效。方法对75例囊性或囊性为主的颅咽管瘤采用CT立体定向瘤腔内注入放射性胶体磷酸铬的方法进行治疗。结果除6例失去随访、3例肿瘤实质增大复发外,其余66例经随访的CT或MRI显示瘤腔消失、症状持续改善,47例（71.2%）由治疗前不同程度视力减退恢复至正常,2例女性恢复月经,2例身长明显增高,无术后内分泌紊乱和手术死亡率。结论本方法与开颅切除肿瘤术相比较,具有侵袭性小、无明显并发症、住院时间短、疗效显著的优点,本方法应作为治疗囊性颅咽管瘤的首选方法,对实质为主的颅咽管瘤仍应采用开颅手术切除的方法。     

颅咽管瘤的手术入路选择(附56例分析)

目的 探讨鞍区颅咽管瘤的手术入路选择及并发症防治措施.方法 对56例颅咽管瘤病人选用不同的手术入路切除肿瘤,其中经翼点和改良翼点入路34例,额下入路11例,胼胝体-透明膈间隙-穹隆间入路6例,前纵裂-终板联合额下入路5例.结果 肿瘤全切除32例（57.1%）,近全切除17例（30.4%）,大部分切除7例（12.5%）.术后死亡1例.主要并发症：尿崩症18例（32.1%）,电解质紊乱26例（46.4%）.结论 对颅咽管瘤病人选择合适的手术入路,有利于在直视下显露并全切除肿瘤;熟练的显微神经外科技术,熟悉鞍区的解剖关系并重视术中对下丘脑的保护,是降低术后并发症的重要环节.     

Radical resection of craniopharyngioma

Introduction The best management of craniopharyngioma in children remains a controversial topic among neurosurgeons. The two treatments for craniopharyngioma most commonly discussed in the literature are primary total resection and limited resection followed by radiotherapy. Without ignoring the challenging behavior of these tumors, we strongly believe that the first approach in a child with a craniopharyngioma is to attempt total removal. Trying to remove a craniopharyngioma that has been treated previously with other methods is, in our experience, much more dangerous because of adherences of the tumor to vascular and neural structures.Material and methods Between 1988 and 2004, we operated on 153 patients with craniapharyngioma (40% female and 60% male), whose ages at the time of surgery ranged from 15 days to 21 years (mean 10.5 years). Eighty-seven percent of the patients were found to have some visual disturbance and 42% endocrinological alterations. Fifty-four percent of the patients presented hydrocephalus, but only 18% had shunting. Gross total removal was attempted in all patients. Among the 153 patients, the tumor was prechiasmatic in 35 and retrochiasmatic in 112; in ten, these were considered giant forms, and eight had a posterior fossa extension. We performed 84 single and 69 combined approaches.Results We achieved total removal in 69% of our patients. None of our patients regarded as having undergone total tumor resection disclosed recurrence after a follow-up of 1–16 years. Radiation therapy was administered in children with subtotal removal. All children underwent total removal, but only 62% of those who underwent subtotal removal had good outcomes. After surgery, endocrinological status worsened in almost all patients, but visual status improved markedly.Conclusions The treatment of choice in craniopharyngioma in childhood is total resection in order to avoid radiation therapy and recurrence. When total resection is not possible, subtotal resection plus radiation therapy is the alternative.