肺保护性通气策略治疗高原儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床探讨

目的：探讨肺保护性通气策略在治疗高原儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的临床疗效。方法：对2000年1月—2010年1月我省妇女儿童医院收治的35例ARDS患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据机械通气模式的不同分为肺保护性通气组和传统通气组。观察两组患儿的呼吸机参数设置、血气分析、氧合指数、并发症及死亡率等。结果：肺保护性通气组VT显著下降,PEEP显著升高,呼吸机相关性肺损伤的发生率为5%（1/20）,明显低于传统通气组40%（6/15）,两组氧合指数比较有明显差异。结论：肺保护性通气策略治疗高海拔地区儿童ARDS较传统方法降低了呼吸机相关性肺损伤的发生率,且能改善氧合,值得临床推广。     

机械通气配伍山莨菪碱对高海拔地区ARDS病人的治疗

目的 研究小潮气量 PEEP机械通气配伍山莨菪碱治疗高海拔地区急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的临床疗效.方法 收集我院确诊的ARDS患者54例,随机分治疗组30例和对照组24例,治疗组采用小潮气量 PEEP机械通气配伍山莨菪碱治疗.对照组用传统小潮气量 PEEP机械通气治疗.结果 治疗组PaO2(91.80±2.31)mmHg,较对照组(83.93±1.40)mmHg在通气24小时时明显升高(P<0.001);病死率明显下降(P<0.05);通气时间明显缩短(P<0.05).结论 小潮气量 PEEP机械通气配伍山莨菪碱治疗高海拔地区ARDS较传统方法明显降低病死率.     

重症急性呼吸窘迫综合征早期分阶段肺康复锻炼的疗效

 目的 探讨早期分阶段肺康复锻炼治疗重症急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)的疗效。方法 选取2018-01至2019-12武汉市第一医院重症ARDS 患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组实施常规治疗,观察组常规治疗基础上采用早期分阶段肺康复锻炼治疗,比较两组治疗前后肺通气功能指标、动脉血气状况指标和生存质量评分变化,记录两组机械通气时间、ICU治疗时间、住院时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率。结果 两组治疗后,1 s用力呼吸容积、1 s用力呼吸容积/肺活量比率和生存质量评分均较治疗前明显改善,PaO₂、SpO₂和氧合指数均较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。且观察组PaCO₂低于对照组[(44.18±5.06)mmHg vs. (49.47±5.24)mmHg],呼吸机通气时间[(2.74±0.90)d vs. (3.98±1.22)d]、ICU治疗时间[(3.19±1.03)d vs. (4.27±1.15)d]和住院时间[(10.98±2.13)d vs. (13.76±2.69)d]均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率低于对照组(3.33% vs 20.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在常规治疗基础上加用早期分阶段肺康复锻炼对治疗重症ARDS安全有效。     

低潮气量加呼气末正压通气治疗创伤后急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床研究

目的　探讨低潮气量 (LTV) 呼气末正压 (PEEP)机械通气 (MV)治疗创伤性急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)的疗效。　方法　 1997年 10月～ 2 0 0 3年 10月 ,我科 2 6例创伤性ARDS患者 ,分为传统潮气量 (12～ 15ml/kg)机械通气组 (A组 ) 11例 (1997年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 8月 ) ;低潮气量 (5～ 8ml/kg) PEEP机械通气组 (B组 ) 15例 (2 0 0 0年 9月～ 2 0 0 3年 10月 )。比较两组的血气、血流动力学指标 ,呼吸机所致肺损伤 (VILI)发生率 ,发生多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)的时间、发生率和ARDS的病死率。　结果　两组中血流动力学和血气指标中氧分压(PaO2 )比较 ,差异无显著性意义。B组二氧化碳分压 (PaCO2 )高于A组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,B组中发生MODS的时间延长 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,MODS的发生率和ARDS的病死率降低且无VILI发生。　结论　低潮气量 PEEP机械通气在创伤性ARDS的治疗中 ,改善氧合与传统方法比较 ,差异无显著性意义 ,PEEP(5～ 18cmH2 O)和轻度高碳酸血症 (PHC)对血流动力学无明显影响 ,且能有效地减少VILI,延长MODS发生的时间 ,适合在ARDS中应用。     

早期机械通气联合气道持续负压吸引技术治疗严重肺挫伤的疗效

目的 总结早期机械通气联合气道持续负压吸引技术在治疗严重肺挫伤中的临床应用价值. 方法 48例严重肺挫伤机械通气患者按随机数字表法分为机械通气+持续负压吸引气道管理技术(持续组)20例和机械通气+间断负压吸引气道管理技术(间断组)28例,机械通气模式采用同步间歇指令通气(SIMV)+压力支持通气(PSV)+呼气末正压通气(PEEP),比较两组动脉血气、机械通气时间、相关并发症等指标的变化. 结果 通气6,24 h后,观察组与对照组PaO2分别为(100.36±5.90) mmHg、(105.34 ± 7.40) mmHg、(75.36±8.95) mmHg、(76.36±8.35) mmHg(P ＜0.01),通气24 h后,两组氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)分别为(283.50±15.20) mmHg、(201.50±10.20)mmHg(P ＜0.01);两组机械通气时间及通气48 h后PEEP水平分别为(3.2±1.1)d∶(6.5±2.8)d、(4.5±2.3)cmH2O∶(8.5±2.5)cmH2O(P＜0.01).两组相关并发症差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 严重肺挫伤患者早期机械通气联合气道持续负压吸引技术能持续保持呼吸道通畅,改善氧合指数,降低PEEP水平,利于较早拔管,但并不能降低呼吸机相关性肺炎及肺不张等并发症发生率.     

胸腹联合伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征的治疗探讨

目的探讨呼吸机辅助呼吸在胸腹联合伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的治疗作用。方法回顾性总结分析我院1992年1月～2007年12月共收治胸腹联合伤致ARDS患者64例。结果所有病例均采用气管插管或气管切开呼吸机辅助呼吸,呼吸末正压通气（PEEP）5～15cmH2O,积极抗休克、抗感染和改善微循环等治疗。本组64例中,23例死亡,41例治愈,成功率64.06%。结论严重的胸腹联合伤容易导致呼吸循环衰竭,肺严重挫伤易导致ARDS的发生,而早期诊断和妥善治疗原发病灶,开通气道,机械通气,积极纠正低氧血症和酸碱失衡,控制感染,是提高抢救成功率的关键。     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征预后的影响因素探讨

目的探讨影响急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)预后的因素。方法对我院呼吸内科重症监护室(R ICU)30例ARDS患者性别、年龄、基础疾病、诱发因素(肺源性、肺外源性)、合并下呼吸道感染、行机械通气、并发多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)、发病至确诊时间、APACHEⅡ评分、氧合指数(PaO2/F iO2)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血尿素氮(BUN)等因素与其预后的关系行单因素分析。将单因素分析有显著性意义的变量分级并赋值,采用多因素Logistic回归筛选预后因素。结果 30例ARDS患者死亡20例,存活10例。患者的病死率与性别、年龄、诱发因素、合并下呼吸道感染、行机械通气无关。死亡组与存活组患者的APACHEⅡ评分、PaO2/F iO2、CRP、ALB基础值(治疗前)比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。既往患基础病、并发MODS、发病至确诊时间长、CRP升高及确诊时BUN指标异常是ARDS患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论既往患基础疾病、并发MODS、发病至确诊时间长、CRP升高与ARDS患者死亡密切相关。     

高频振荡通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征临床效果观察

目的观察高频振荡通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床效果。方法选取自2015年1月至2018年1月安徽医科大学附属安庆医院收治的104例新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿为研究对象,将患儿随机分入A组和B组,每组52例。两组均给予肺表面活性物质治疗;A组采用常频机械通气,B组采用高频振荡通气。比较两组患儿的治疗有效率、有创通气时间、无创通气时间、氧暴露时间、氧浓度、氧合指数、二氧化碳分压以及不良反应发生率。结果 A组有效率76.9%(40/52),低于B组的90.4%(47/52),P<0.05。B组的有创通气时间、无创通气时间、氧暴露时间均短于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的氧浓度、氧合指数、二氧化碳分压均低于治疗前,且B组氧浓度、氧合指数、二氧化碳分压变化幅度均明显大于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高频振荡通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床效果显著,能够明显改善患儿的肺功能和血气指标,且安全性良好。     

有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭、肺性脑病的回顾性研究

目的 通过对比研究揭示应用有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭、肺性脑病的优越性.方法 本研究设两组:有创机械通气组(n=146)和有创-无创序贯机械通气组(n=128).有创-无创序贯机械通气组以"肺部感染控制窗(PICW)"作为有创通气和无创通气之间的切换点.主要观测指标为:有创通气时间、机械通气总时间、1周以内再插管率、住呼吸重症监护室(RICU)时间和呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)发生率.结果 有创-无创序贯机械通气组的有创通气时间(5.8±4.2d)较有创机械通气组(12.4±8.6d)显著缩短(P<0.05),但两组机械通气总时间无显著差异(分别为14±9d和12±8d).有创-无创序贯机械通气组的VAP发生率(4.7%)、再插管率(6.2%)均较有创机械通气组(分别为21.8%、16.4%)显著降低(P<0.05),住RICU时间(10±7d)较有创机械通气组(15±11d)显著缩短(P<0.05).结论 采用有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭、肺性脑病较传统的有创通气方式更优越,能够有效缩短有创通气时间,降低VAP发生率,改善患者预后.     

肺保护性通气对不同MELD分值肝移植手术患者的肺保护作用

 目的 评价肺保护性通气对不同终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分肝移植手术患者的肺保护作用。方法 选择终末期肝病患者80例, ASAⅡ～Ⅳ 级,并根据MELD分值及随机数字表法分为4组:MELD≤15分+常规机械通气组(Ⅰc组)、MELD≤15分+肺保护性通气组(Ⅰp组)、MELD>15分+常规机械通气组(Ⅱc组)和MELD>15分+肺保护性通气组(Ⅱp组),每组20例。所有患者分别于切皮前(T₁)、无肝前期3 h (T₂)、无肝期30 min (T₃)、新肝期2 h (T₄)及新肝期4 h (T₅)、术后2 h(T₆)、拔管前(T₇)及术后1 d(T₈)时,检测血清克拉拉细胞分泌蛋白16(clara cell secretory protein,CC16)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-8(IL-8) 水平。记录患者术后清醒时间、拔管时间、ICU停留时间及术后1周内急性肺损伤发生情况。结果 不同MELD分值两组间比较,MELD>15分患者输血量增多,手术时间延长(P<0.05),氧合指数降低,术后急性肺损伤发生率较高,气管拔管时间及ICU停留时间延长(P<0.01),T₂～T₈时血清CC16、TNF-α、IL-8浓度升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);不同通气方式两组间比较,保护性通气组的气管拔管时间分别为(7.2±1.5)h和(12.1±5.6)h,短于常规机械通气组(P<0.05)。结论 肺保护性通气能改善肝移植手术患者(尤其是MELD 评分>15分)的氧合指数,降低术后急性肺损伤的发生率,缩短拔管时间,有利于改善肺功能。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.