Prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in primary school children

OBJECTIVE: Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic illness of childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis in 6-12-year-old schoolchildren in Istanbul. METHODS: A total of 2500 children aged between 6 and 12 years in randomly selected six primary schools of Istanbul were surveyed by using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire between April and May 2004. RESULTS: Of them 2387 (1185 M/1202 F) questionnaires were appropriately completed by the parents with an overall response of 95.4%. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was 7.9% (n=189). A family history of atopy (aOR=1.30, 95% CI=1.00-1.68), frequent respiratory tract infection (aOR=1.36, 95% CI=1.08-1.70) and sinusitis (aOR=2.29, 95% CI=1.64-3.19), antibiotic use in the first year of life (aOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.01-1.57), cat at home in the first year of life (aOR=2.21, 95% CI=1.36-3.61), dampness at home (aOR=1.31, 95% CI=1.04-1.65) and perianal redness (aOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.01-1.57) were significant for increased risk for allergic rhinitis. Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables were inversely, and frequent consumption of lollipops and candies were positively associated with allergic rhinitis symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our study reconfirmed that family history of atopy, frequent respiratory tract infections, antibiotics given in the first year of life, cat at home in the first year of life, dampness at home, perianal redness and dietary habits are important independent risk factors for AR. Researchers worldwide should be focused to these factors and try to develop policies for early intervention, primary and secondary preventions for allergic diseases.     

Effects of dietary habits and risk factors on allergic rhinitis prevalence among Turkish adolescents

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem affecting many people from childhood to adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of AR and related symptoms, and to assess the risk factors, dietary habits and the Mediterranean diet affecting AR.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study design, 9991 children, aged 13–14 years in 61 primary schools in 32 districts of Istanbul were evaluated. The prevalence of AR symptoms among the children was evaluated using the ISAAC protocol.

Results

In our study, total of 10,984 questionnaires were distributed to 13–14 yr-old schoolchildren to 61 schools in 32 district of Istanbul and 9991 questionnaires were suitable for analysis with an overall response of 91.7%. The rates of lifetime rhinitis, rhinitis in last 12 months and lifetime doctor diagnosed AR prevalence were 53.5%, 38.3% and 4.5%, respectively. The variation among districts in the prevalence of doctor diagnosed AR was very high. The highest prevalence was about 10 times higher than in the district with the lowest prevalence (range: 1.4–14.5) of Istanbul.A family history of atopy, mother with a university degree, presence of cat at home during last 12 months and adenoidectomy were significant for increased doctor diagnosed AR risk. Additionally, although fish and other sea foods, fermented drinks made from millets and various seeds, animal fats and butter were independent risk factors for doctor diagnosed AR, fish oil and hamburger were protective foods for doctor diagnosed AR. The MD was not associated with the prevalence of doctor diagnosed AR.

Conclusions

This study shows that that there are wide variations for the prevalence of AR related symptoms in 13–14 yr-old schoolchildren among districts of Istanbul in Turkey. Socio-economical, environmental factors, some dietary habits, but not Mediterranean diet may affect the prevalence of AR.     

肠道菌群改变与儿童变应性鼻炎的相关性研究

目的 探讨肠道菌群改变与儿童变应性鼻炎(AR)的相关性。方法 纳入2021年10月—2022年6月确诊为AR的患儿38例,男21例,女17例,年龄5～7岁,平均年龄5.85岁;另纳入正常儿童38例作为健康儿童组,男23例,女15例,年龄5～7岁,平均年龄5.80岁。分别收集两组粪便进行高通量测序,并对两组的临床资料进行统计学分析。结果 AR患儿肠道菌群Alpha多样性Chao1、Observed species、Shannon、Simpson、Faith’s pd、Pielou_e指数较健康儿童明显降低。两组Beta多样性存在差异。两组在门水平放线菌门、拟杆菌门等,属水平拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属等存在差异。体重(P=0.024)、被动吸烟(P=0.006)、变应性家族史(P＜0.001)、家庭居住地(P=0.017)、有无湿疹(P=0.011)、新生儿期是否使用抗生素(P＜0.001)、是否母乳喂养＞3个月(P=0.003)、是否为剖腹产(P=0.043)均有可能作为AR发病的影响因素。结论 AR患儿肠道菌群多样性与健康儿童相比发生了变化,肠道菌群生态系统的多样性、稳定性降低,多种特定菌种丰度显著改变。肠道菌群失衡可能是促进儿童AR发生发展的一个重要因素。     

儿童非变应性鼻炎与变应性鼻炎患者生活质量的对比研究

目的：分析比较儿童非变应性鼻炎（NAR）患者与变应性鼻炎（AR）患者生活质量之间的差异,探讨NAR对患儿生活质量的影响。方法2011年6月～2012年6月在门诊首次确诊的52例NAR患儿和69例AR患儿（6～12岁）,指导患儿及家长采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）评价患儿的鼻、眼及胸部症状,并采用儿童鼻结膜炎生活质量调查表（RQLQ）评估并比较NAR与AR患儿的生活质量有无差异。统计结果采用SPSS13.0软件进行分析。结果 NAR组与AR相比,VAS评分无明显差异（P〉0.05）;RQLQ两组评分无明显差异（P〉0.05）。NAR组内,各项症状VAS评分比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,“鼻堵”为首要症状;RQLQ各项目以及各方面间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,各项鼻部症状相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,“鼻堵”和“流涕”为首要症状,各项非鼻眼部症状相比差异也有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,“注意力难以集中”为首要症状。结论 NAR对患儿的生活质量有着明显的影响,值得临床护理工作中重视。     

南充市儿童变应性鼻炎伴发哮喘的影响因素分析

目的回顾性分析南充市3～14岁儿童确诊变应性鼻炎（AR）的变应原谱特点与伴发支气管哮喘（BA）的影响因素。方法纳入2016年9月—2019年6月川北医学院附属医院变应原检测中心,经变应原皮肤点刺实验与血清特异性IgE检测等方法确诊3～14岁AR儿童1473例, 详细采集AR儿童临床特征、变应原种类和发病诱因等资料,使用SPSS 22.0软件分析相关影响因素。结果1 473例AR儿童中,合并BA儿童309例(患病率为20.98%)。Logistic回归分析显示, AR伴发BA的危险因素分别为城市居住环境、持续性AR、AR持续时间大于3年、AR家族史、BA家族史、家中饲养宠物、被动吸烟史、早产、自行使用抗生素、粉尘螨、多主枝孢菌、艾蒿、虾以及合并鼻窦炎、变应性结膜炎、打鼾和湿疹,保护因素为母乳喂养大于3个月和年龄增大。结论南充市3～14岁AR儿童伴发BA的患病率较高。初步了解南充市AR儿童合并BA的相关影响因素,应针对其危险因素采取有效的预防措施。     

Rising trend of allergic rhinitis prevalence among Turkish schoolchildren

Objectives

To assess the time trends and possible risk factors associated with allergic rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from Denizli, Turkey.

Method

Two identical cross-sectional surveys were performed in the 13- to 14-yr age group at intervals of six years using ISAAC questionnaire. Possible risk factors were also asked and the children completed questionnaires by self.

Results

A total of 4078 children (response rate 75%) in the 2008 and 3004 children (response rate, 93.8%) in 2002 were included. The lifetime prevalence of rhinitis, 12-month prevalence of rhinitis, prevalence of associated itchy eye in the previous 12 months and doctor diagnosed allergic rhinitis prevalence were increased from 34.2% to 49.4% (POR = 1.87, 95% CI = 47.8–50.9 and p ≤ 0.001), from 23.5.0% to 32.9% (POR = 1.59, 95% CI = 31.4–34.3 and p ≤ 0.001), from 9.6% to 14.9% (POR = 1.64, 95% CI = 13.8–16.0 and p ≤ 0.001), and from 4.3% to 7% (POR = 1.67, 95% CI = 6.2–7.8 and p ≤ 0.001) respectively. Severe interference with daily activity in the previous 12 months did not change. In multivariate analysis, history of family atopy, stuffed toys, high annual family income, presence of allergy in mother, father and accompaniment of children to their parents after school hours in textile industry were found as risk factors in 2008 study.

Conclusion

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased significantly in 2008. Family history of atopy, stuffed toys, high annual family income and accompaniment of children to their parents in textile industry were found as risk factors for doctor diagnosed allergic rhinitis.     

儿童变应性鼻炎T细胞亚群检测分析

观察正常儿童与变应性鼻炎患儿外周血Ｔ细胞亚群分布的差异。方法用间接免疫荧光法随机检测儿童变应性鼻炎组１６例和正常对照组２０例,并进行统计学分析。结果变应性鼻炎组外周血中ＣＥ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８较对照组均有明显下降。结论Ｔ细胞亚群分布的改变是变态反应性疾病免疫功能紊乱的重要环节,可以作为变应性疾病的监测指标。     

变应性鼻炎和非变应性鼻炎临床特征比较

目的探讨变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis,AR）和非变应性鼻炎（non-allergic rhinitis,NAR）临床特征的差异。方法选取2010年1月～2010年12月在我院门诊就诊的AR和NAR患者1647例,通过病史采集、皮肤点刺实验（skin fastinsertion test,SPT）、鼻分泌物涂片嗜酸性粒细胞计数和血清总IgE检查等评价分析两者的差异。结果鼻炎患者中AR占72.4%,NAR占2 7.6%;AR患者发病年龄（25.8±1 3.5）岁,显著低于NAR患者发病年龄（31.4±16.0）岁,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;AR发病有明显的季节性,NAR发病受季节性影响不大。鼻部症状中,AR易出现打喷嚏（AR,88.4%;NAR,47.9%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;鼻痒症状AR占8 4.4%,NAR占4 3.6%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;而NAR易出现鼻塞（NAR,9 6.3%,AR,9 1.2%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）和流涕（NAR,9 3.5%,AR,91.8%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。AR患者鼻分泌物涂片嗜酸性粒细胞比例占50.1%±33.1%,血总IgE（359.7±323.4）IU/ml,且显著高于NAR患者20.1%±30.5%,123.0IU/ml±205.6 IU/ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.001）。结论 AR与NAR在发病年龄、发病季节、临床症状、鼻分泌物涂片嗜酸性粒细胞比例和血总IgE上有明显差异。     

Differences in leisure activities between children with allergic rhinitis and healthy peers

Objective

The symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) are frequently evoked when individuals with AR perform daily activities. Thus, AR may interfere the optimal participation in daily life, negatively impact the patient's productivity and quality of life (QOL). While most studies refer to adult with AR, this pilot study examined participation of children with AR as expressed in their daily activity preferences.

Methods

Participants were 31 children with AR and 31 healthy children, aged 5-11 years. All children completed the Preference for Activities of Children (PAC).

Results

Children with AR showed significantly lower preference to participate in skill-based, social and informal activities, as compared to their healthy peers (F_(7,53) = 2.61, p = 0.02, ES-η² = 0.27). Children with AR showed 5-20% lower preference to participate in activity than their typical peers.

Conclusions

AR may negatively impact children's preference to participate in daily activities. Treatment of children with AR should consider a multi-disciplinary intervention for encouraging their optimal development, improve their well-being and QOL.     

探究广东地区变应性鼻炎合并支气管哮喘的危险因素

目的 回顾性分析确诊为变应性鼻炎(AR)患者的特征及伴发支气管哮喘的危险因素。 方法 纳入2009年6月至2018年5月在中山大学附属第三医院以及中山大学附属第五医院过敏中心,通过过敏原皮肤点刺试验确诊AR的患者(5~60岁)2 931例,详细采集病史及相关辅助检查结果。利用SPSS 20.0分析不同患者的特征、合并支气管哮喘的风险因素及对应变应原的类型。 结果 2 931例患者中,AR合并哮喘207例(7.06%)。多因素逻辑回归显示,AR伴发哮喘的危险因素分别为变应性鼻炎持续时间大于5年、吸烟、自行使用抗生素治疗、哮喘家族史、AR家族史和城市居住环境等。过敏原敏感性分析发现:AR患者最常见的过敏原是屋尘螨,共2 754例(93.96%)。 结论 广东地区变应性鼻炎患者合并哮喘发生率较低,应针对危险因素进行有效的防治。     

儿童变应性鼻炎的可视化分析和热点研究

目的 探究儿童变应性鼻炎的研究概况,并整理研究热点和创新点.方法 以中国知网核心数据库作为研究平台,以"儿童"和"变应性鼻炎"为检索关键词,使用CiteSpace软件对相关文献进行可视化分析.结果 通过筛选,共纳入相关文献1242篇,可视化分析结果显示我国在儿童变应性鼻炎领域的研究从初期缓慢探索到近二十年的快速起步,再...     

乌鲁木齐市成年人变应性鼻炎流行病学调查

目的调查乌鲁木齐市成人变应性鼻炎的发病率现状. 方法于2004年7月～9月,采用问卷调查形式,对有鼻部症状3339例成人采用鼻黏膜刮片查找肥大细胞和嗜酸性细胞,分析变应性鼻炎流行情况. 结果患AR病例数1003人,发病率为30.04%.50岁以下发病率随着年龄增长而上升(P<0.01);汉族发病率(33.36%),明显高于维吾尔族(19.19%),(P<0.01),男女发病率无明显差异(P>0.05). 结论变应性鼻炎的患病率有逐年增高的趋势.加强环境治理和个人防护以及积极有效的治疗,有助于控制变应性鼻炎患者的症状,减少并发症.     

变应性鼻炎儿童蒿花粉变应原组分诊断

目的 本文旨在对季节性变应性鼻炎（AR）患儿进行变应原组分筛查,了解AR患儿代表性蒿属植物花粉变应原致敏组分。方法 采集黄花蒿和大籽蒿花粉,提取花粉蛋白,以临床确诊为AR且艾蒿特异性免疫球蛋白E （sIgE）检测为阳性患儿血清为一抗,通过蛋白质免疫印迹法筛查花粉中变应原组分。结果 蛋白质免疫印迹显示2种蒿属植物花粉蛋白提取物中主要有3条带能与血清IgE特异性结合,相对分子量（Mr）分别为12、25和70 kDa。黄花蒿花粉中70 kDa变应原为AR儿童最常见的变应原分子,阳性检出率为85.19%,25 kDa和12 kDa变应原分别为37.04%和14.81%。大籽蒿花粉中70 kDa变应原阳性检出率低于黄花蒿（P<0.05）,为51.85%,25 kDa和12 kDa变应原阳性检出率与黄花蒿相似（P>0.05）。另外,同一个体血清对2种蒿属植物同源变应原阳性反应存在差异,不同患儿对1种或多种变应原分子敏感。结论 AR患儿黄花蒿花粉致敏率更高,推荐增加黄花蒿花粉组分蛋白进行诊断和免疫治疗,尤其是70 kDa变应原分子。     

Micro-RNA在变应性鼻炎中的作用及其研究进展

变应性鼻炎(AR)是发生在鼻黏膜的变态反应性疾病,其特征是与血清IgE水平升高相关的辅助型T细胞2(Th2)主导的免疫反应。它不同程度影响个人社会生活、睡眠和工作,并可增加家庭和社会经济负担。目前AR的治疗在免疫疗法、鼻内类固醇、抗组胺药和肥大细胞稳定剂等方面取得了有效进展,但20%的AR患者并未表现出足够的主观和客观改善。因此,深入研究AR的发病机制,并开发用于治疗AR的新型制剂已是当务之急。Micro-RNA(miRNA)是一种基因表达调控小分子RNA,被认为与许多炎症性疾病有关,已经逐渐成为国内外学者研究的重点。本文系统综述了与AR密切相关的miRNA,并对研究现状做了简要评析,指出了当前亟待深入研究的问题,希望能对该领域的发展提供一定的参考。     

住院医师精神心理因素与变应性鼻炎的相关性研究

目的 研究精神心理因素对患有变应性鼻炎的住院医师生活质量的影响,焦虑、抑郁等精神心理因素与其生活质量是否相关.方法 通过纤维鼻镜方法筛选住院医师中70例变应性鼻炎患者,通过焦虑、抑郁自评表与生活质量量表(SF-36量表)进行评分,并根据评分结果进行统计学分析,从而观察焦虑、抑郁等因素对罹患变应性鼻炎的住院医师生活质量的...     

Elevated B cell-activating factor (BAFF) in children with allergic rhinitis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the possible role of B cell-activating factor (BAFF) in children with allergic rhinitis (AR).MethodsTwenty-four AR children and 20 normal children were enrolled in this study and nasal lavage and serum were collected. The nasal and serum levels of BAFF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship between serum BAFF and immunoglobulin A (IgA) was evaluated in AR children.ResultsOur results showed that the nasal and serum levels of BAFF were significantly increased in AR children compared with controls (p < 0.05). The nasal and serum levels of BAFF in AR children were significantly associated with disease severity (p < 0.05). Moreover, the level of serum BAFF was negatively related to serum IgA level (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings show BAFF expression was significantly increased and related to disease severity, indicating BAFF may be implicated in new treatment modalities for AR children.     

立复汀喷雾剂治疗小儿变应性鼻炎的疗效观察

目的 :观察立复汀喷雾剂治疗小儿变应性鼻炎的效果 ,并探讨其机制。方法 :对 113例小儿变应性鼻炎患者 ,分别用立复汀喷雾剂 (立复汀组 )和生理盐水喷鼻剂 (生理盐水组 )进行治疗和疗效对比。结果 :立复汀组的总有效率为 95 .1% ,生理盐水组为 2 5 .0 % ;立复汀组起效时间 72 .1%在 1min以内 ,维持时间 72 .1%在 5 h以上 ;而生理盐水组起效时间 2 3.1%在 3m in以内 ,维持时间 30 .8%在 3h以内。 2周后 ,立复汀组所查鼻分泌物中嗜酸性粒细胞明显减少或消失 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :立复汀喷雾剂缓解症状迅速 ,维持时间长 ,疗效显著 ,安全性好 ,是治疗小儿变应性鼻炎的有效药物。