胃镜下幽门环肌切开术治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄

目的 评价胃镜下幽门环肌切开术治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的近期效果和安全性.方法 采用超细电子胃镜治疗12例先天性肥厚性幽¨狭窄患儿,男8例,女4例,平均年龄(57.5±14.4)d,使用乳头肌切开刀和针式切开刀沿幽门至胃窦方向切割幽门管环肌.结果 12例患儿共行13次胃镜下治疗.11例术后1～10 d内呕吐停止;其中1例首次治疗后35 d复发呕吐,2次内镜治疗后第10天停止.另1例术后未止呕,后诊断为巨细胞病毒性肝炎行药物治疗而完全缓解.本组除1例治疗后出现少量黑便外,未见其他并发症.结论 胃镜下幽门环肌切开术治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄近期有效率高、安全.     

腹腔镜下小婴儿幽门环肌切开术改进体会（附15例报告）

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄（CHPS）是新生儿及小婴儿常见的消化道畸形,传统治疗方法是经腹幽门环肌切开术。2008年3月~2010年12月我们对收治的15例CHPS患儿进行了腹腔镜下幽门环肌切开术,术后疗效满意。现报告如下。     

经腹腔镜治疗婴儿先天性肥厚性幽门环肌狭窄及先天性巨结肠

目的 总结使用腹腔镜治疗新生儿、婴儿先天性肥厚性幽门环肌狭窄及先天性巨结肠的经验。方法 20例患儿年龄16－120d，体重2.7-8kg。先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄和先天性巨结肠各10例。在气管插管加单次髓管阻滞麻醉上，建立CO2气膜，注气压力为1.6-1.9kPa，流量为3L／min。置入腹腔镜，并根据不同的病种在不同的部位置入操作钳，完成幽门环肌切开术和辅助巨结肠根治术。结果 手术时间为25－150min，术后3－7d出院。均无并发症发生。结论 腹腔镜技术在新生儿、婴儿应用安全可靠，手术打击小。     

倒Y形幽门环肌切开治疗先天肥厚性幽门狭窄20例体会

先天肥厚性幽门狭窄是较为常见的胃肠道畸形，发病率约为1／3000，占消化道畸形第三位。1912年Rarnstedt行幽门肌层切开，切口不缝，幽门粘膜由浆肌层切口向外膨出，扩大了内腔，解除梗阻。使手术病死率降到目前的1％以下。1979年Goran提出倒Y形幽门环肌切开术，我们认为此术式可进一步减少并发症和病死率。     

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄围手术期输液体会

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄围手术期输液体会金乡县人民医院（２７２２００）李继斌张进来近年来，我院收治先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患儿４６例，均行手术治疗。现将其围手术期输液体会介绍如下。术前纠正水电及酸碱平衡紊乱：先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患儿由于较长时间的呕吐、饥饿及...     

婴儿幽门肥厚性狭窄的X线征象分析

目的探讨婴儿幽门肥厚性狭窄X线征象的特点,提高医师对本病的认识,以减少漏诊。方法对6年来我院幽门肥厚性狭窄220例婴儿X线征象进行分析。结果97例患儿幽门有不同程度延长;101例能测出幽门宽度的患儿中,最大宽度≤2mm29例,≥4mm53例。结论环肌肥大压迫症及幽门管延长是诊断本病的可靠征象。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术后并发幽门狭窄临床处理策略的研究进展

内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissetion, ESD)切除幽门病变达到或超过其环周3/4是ESD后并发狭窄的危险因素，ESD后同时局部注射激素、胃切开经口内镜肌切开术及系统口服激素可以预防狭窄的发生。ESD后狭窄可通过胃出口梗阻评分系统选择不同的治疗方式，包括内镜下球囊扩张术、激素局部注射及口服激素、瘢痕对侧内镜下黏膜切开术等，规范操作可避免并发症发生。对于幽门ESD后顽固性幽门狭窄可能需要多种方式组合治疗，严重影响患者的生活质量。因此，本文概述了目前ESD后并发幽门狭窄临床特征、防治策略的研究进展，以期为临床提供更多的选择和参考。     

经口内镜下幽门肌切开术治疗先天性肥厚性 幽门狭窄的临床初步研究（含视频）

目的 初步评估经口内镜下幽门肌切开术（gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy,G-POEM）治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄（congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis,CHPS）的疗效和安全性。 方法 回顾西安市儿童医院2019年1月—2019年9月期间接受G-POEM治疗的6例CHPS患儿的临床资料,总结手术情况、围手术期管理以及手术相关并发症发生情况等。 结果 6例CHPS患儿平均日龄54.5 d（27～130 d）,均顺利完成G-POEM,平均手术时间49.5 min（34～150 min）,术后均未出现发热、消化道出血及腹腔脓肿,平均住院时间12.5 d（10～22 d）。6例术后平均随访4.2个月（3.3～8.6个月）。术后1个月幽门直径平均1.1 cm（0.9～1.5 cm）,较术前的0.3 cm（0.1～0.5 cm）明显扩张。术后1个月体重平均增加0.9 kg（0.4～1.6 kg）,术后3个月体重平均增加3.2 kg（2.6～3.5 kg）,术后3个月随访时患儿体重即可接近同龄儿的标准体重。 结论 初步证实G-POEM治疗婴幼儿CHPS安全、有效,可成为CHPS治疗方式的一种新选择。     

经口内镜下幽门肌切开术治疗保留幽门中段胃切除术后迟发性胃轻瘫1例

术后胃轻瘫是保留幽门胃切除术后常见并发症之一，严重影响患者的生活质量。本文报道1例早期胃癌患者行机器人辅助保留幽门中段胃切除术，半年后因胃排空障碍再次入院，经多种保守治疗手段治疗无效，行经口内镜下幽门肌切开术治疗。     

介绍一种不切开粘膜的幽门成形术

我们从对先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患者作幽门环肌切断术中得到启示,对目前常用的幽门成形术(纵切横缝法)作了改进,效果较好,介绍如下。1.手术方法:在幽门浆膜下血管少的部位作一横跨幽门的纵切口,长约3厘米,切     

Endoscopic pyloromyotomy for congenital pyloric stenosis

BACKGROUND: The advent of sophisticated endoscopic devices allows for a variety of procedures heretofore performed surgically. This study describes the results of endoscopic pyloromyotomy for congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (CHPS). METHODS: Ten consecutive infants (7 boys, 3 girls; age range 3-7 weeks), with a diagnosis of CHPS, underwent endoscopic pyloromyotomy while under conscious sedation by using an endoscopic electrosurgical needle knife or a sphincterotome. Incisions were made from the antral to the duodenal side of the pylorus. All procedures except one were performed on an outpatient basis. RESULTS: No complication was encountered in any patient. All patients began regular feedings as soon as they recovered from the effects of the sedative medication and were discharged on the same day. At follow-up (range 6 months to 2 years), all patients were doing well. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for CHPS has undergone little change in recent decades except for the advent of the laparoscopic approach. Surgical pyloromyotomy is considered simple, inexpensive, and safe. Endoscopic pyloromyotomy is equally simple, probably less expensive, and it can be performed as an outpatient procedure.     

Ultrasound diagnosis of evolving pyloric stenosis

Two infants with recurrent episodes of vomiting had upper gastrointestinal barium studies that did not show radiographic features of pyloric stenosis. However, follow-up abdominal sonograms done 1-2 weeks later documented hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, which led to surgery. This entity is not congenital, but an evolving acquired lesion. Therefore, ultrasound is an excellent modality to evaluate and monitor patients clinically suspected of developing hypertrophic pyloric stenosis despite their initially negative imaging studies.     

Increased serum immunoreactive gastrin levels in idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

The serum immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) level in infants with confirmed idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) has been determined and compared to that found in vomiting infants without IHPS, in normal infants, and in normal adults. The mean serum IRG level of normal infants (103 +/- 9 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM) exceeded that of normal adults (28 +/- 5 pg/ml). The preoperative mean serum IRG level in IHPS infants (256 +/- 26 pg/ml) was significantly higher than that of both normal infants and vomiting infants without IHPS (93 +/- 9 pg/ml). Twenty-five per cent (5/20) of the IHPS infants had serum IRG levels within the upper range of normal infants. Fasting serum IRG levels in IHPS infants were not altered immediately by pyloromyotomy. The results from this study suggest a relationship between gastrin and idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.     

Primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult

A case is reported of a 55 year old male patient with primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis who was subjected to distal gastrectomy. Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is an uncommon condition which is usually misdiagnosed as carcinoma of the antrum. It is a benign disease resulting from hypertrophy of the circular fibres of the pyloric canal and is recognizable radiologically by narrowing and elongation of the pyloric canal and endoscopically by appearances resembling those of the cervix. This condition is probably congenital although aetiology has not been established. In the absence of symptoms, no clinical treatment is required. However, surgical intervention is advocated, when stenosis gives rise to symptoms, there is a suspicion of malignancy, or the ulceration due to the disease. Distal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy is the treatment of choice.     

Previously Unsuspected Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Diagnosed by Endoscopy

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a common cause of upper gastrointestinal obstruction in infants and presents as projectile, nonbilious emesis in the first few weeks of life. In general, patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis are diagnosed after a complete history and physical have been performed augmented by serum electrolyte evaluation, abdominal ultrasound, or upper gastrointestinal barium series. However, some patients can have equivocal radiographic testing and normal serum electrolytes. Two patients are presented in which esophagastroduodenoscopy was used to diagnose previously unsuspected infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.     

Pyloroduodenal Duplication Cyst

Pyloroduodenal duplication cysts are an extremely rare congenital anomaly, whose clinical signs and symptoms often mimic those of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. This radiographic analysis revealed configurational changes consistent with a large extrinsic mass rather than muscular hypertrophy, thus leading to the correct preoperative diagnosis.     

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄发病机制研究进展

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄是新生儿及婴儿常见的消化道先天畸形,男女之比约为4～5:1,其病因及发病机制尚未完全明了,可能与环境及遗传因素有关.本文就其发病机制做一简要介绍,以供参考.