不同龋敏感儿童第一恒磨牙早期脱矿定量分析

目的 :通过对混合牙列上下颌第一恒磨牙龋易感部位脱矿程度的定量测定 ,分析乳牙列龋病情况与第一恒磨牙早期脱矿之间有无相关性。方法 :随机抽取成都市 6～ 7岁儿童 169名 ,其中无龋儿童 (dmft=0 ) 84名 ,龋敏感儿童 (dmft≥ 5 ) 85名 ,采用KaVoDIAGNOdent激光荧光脱矿测定仪测定样本双侧上颌第一恒磨牙中央窝、舌沟以及双侧下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝、颊沟的脱矿程度 ,将所得数据进行统计分析。结果 :龋敏感儿童第一恒磨牙的早期脱矿明显大于无龋儿童第一恒磨牙的早期脱矿 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,两组儿童左右侧第一恒磨牙相同点位脱矿程度无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,双下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝的脱矿测定值明显高于其它各点位 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :激光荧光法是一种有价值的定量诊断早期龋的方法。乳牙列龋病情况与第一恒磨牙早期龋之间有显著正相关 ,应对乳牙龋敏感儿童的年轻恒牙 ,特别是双下颌第一恒磨牙及早采取防龋措施     

儿童第一恒磨牙不同部位早期脱矿定量分析

摘要 目的:探讨年轻恒磨牙的龋病敏感点位。方法:采用激光荧光测定仪对88名6~7岁龋活跃儿童(dmft\5)口腔中的第一恒磨牙不同点位进行脱矿程度的定量测定。每位受检者分8个点位测试,即双下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝、颊沟,双上颌第一恒磨牙中央窝、舌沟。将所得数据由计算机STATA 510软件进行统计分析。结果:所有被测点位均处于牙釉质龋的初期病损阶段;不同性别间相同点位脱矿程度无显著性差异(P>0105);左右侧第一恒磨牙相同点位脱矿情况无显著性差异(P>0105)。在所测点位中,以双下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝脱矿程度最为严重,与其它所有点位均有显著性差异(P<0101)。结论:龋活跃儿童应作为年轻恒牙龋预防的重点人群,下颌第一恒磨牙的中央窝应作为年轻恒牙防龋的重点部位。激光荧光测定仪可用于早期龋的诊断和监控。     

不同龋敏感儿童第一恒磨牙早期脱矿定量分析

目的：通过对混合牙列上下颌第一恒磨牙龋易感部位脱矿程度的定量测定，分析乳牙列龋病情况与第一恒磨牙早期脱矿之间有无相关性。方法：随机抽取成都市6－7岁儿童169名，其中无龋儿童（dmft=0)84名，龋敏感儿童（dmft≥85)85名，采用KaVo DIAGNOdent激光光脱硫测定仪测定样本双侧上颌第一恒磨牙中央窝，舌沟以及双侧下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝，颊沟的脱矿程度，将所得数据进行统计分析。结果：龋敏感儿童第一恒磨牙的早期脱矿明显大于无龋儿童第一恒磨牙的早期脱矿（P＜0．01），两组儿童左右侧第一恒磨牙相同点位脱矿程度无显著性差异（P＞0．05），双下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝的脱矿测定值明显高于其它各点位（P＜0．001）。结论：激光荧光法是一种有价格的定量诊断早期龋的方法。乳牙列龋病情况与第一恒磨牙早期龋之间有显著正相关，应对乳牙龋敏感儿童的年轻恒牙，特别是双下颌第一磨牙及早采防龋措施。     

上颌第一恒磨牙异位萌出临床诊疗专家共识

上颌第一恒磨牙异位萌出是由多种因素引起的上颌第一恒磨牙萌出过程中的位置异常,若未得到及时治疗,将会造成相邻的第二乳磨牙牙根吸收、牙齿早失、第一恒磨牙近中移动及严重的错 畸形等不良后果。针对这些问题,中华口腔医学会儿童口腔医学专业委员会召集来自四川大学华西口腔医院、北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院、上海交通大学医...     

舟山市1035名小学二年级学生第一恒磨牙龋病调查分析

目的调查分析舟山市小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况,为龋病防治工作提供参考。方法对舟山市市属9所小学共1 035名小学二年级学生第一恒磨牙萌出情况、窝沟情况、龋坏状况进行分类记录、检查,结果汇总分析。结果 1 035名小学二年级学生中,第一恒磨牙一颗未萌出人数为89人,萌出率为91.4%,第一恒磨牙总萌出牙数为3 345颗。495人第一恒磨牙一颗或多颗龋坏,患龋率47.8%。结论舟山市二年级学生第一恒磨牙患龋率明显高于全国平均水平及周边城市,应加大力度进行口腔卫生知识宣传工作,增强广大家长与儿童的口腔保健意识。     

青岛市学龄儿童第一恒磨牙异位萌出的回顾性研究

目的:通过曲面断层片分析青岛市学龄儿童第一恒磨牙异位萌出的发病率、分布及严重程度。方法:选取2020年8月1日～2022年12月10日于青岛市口腔医院儿童口腔科就诊,5～8岁的学龄儿童曲面断层片进行影像学分析,评估并统计第一恒磨牙异位萌出患儿的年龄、性别、异位萌出牙数、牙位及严重程度,使用SPSS 24.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:在对8939例患儿回顾性影像学分析中,发现295例(3.31%)被诊断为第一恒磨牙异位萌出。男性(164例,3.4%)的发病率略高于女性(131例,3.2%)。上颌骨的发病率(84.4%)明显高于下颌骨(15.6%),二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);左侧(47.7%)与右侧(52.3%)发病率相似,二者比较无统计学意义(P>0.001)。双侧(63.1%)第一恒磨牙异位萌出比单侧(36.9%)更常见。重度和极重度的异位萌出在上颌骨比在下颌骨更常见(P<0.001)。结论:第一恒磨牙异位萌出的发病率男性略高于女性,但二者比较差异无统计学意义;第一恒磨牙异位萌出好发于上颌骨且严重程度高于下颌骨,在左右侧颌骨的发病率大致相同。双侧第一...     

玻璃离子预防恒牙窝沟龋的临床效果观察

目的 探讨玻璃离子预防恒牙早期窝沟龋的临床疗效.方法 对189名7～8岁学生的512颗第一恒磨牙应用玻璃离子行窝沟封闭,试验组为未完全萌出或已患有窝沟浅龋的第一恒磨牙,共269颗;对照组为已萌出且无龋坏的第一恒磨牙,共243颗.试验组中未完全萌出的第一恒磨牙和对照组已完全萌出且无龋坏的第一恒磨牙彻底清洁窝沟,隔湿干燥后采用指压法用玻璃离子材料进行窝沟封闭;试验组中已患有窝沟浅龋的第一恒磨牙采用金刚砂球钻彻底敞开窝沟后,用同样的方法进行窝沟封闭.封闭后3、6、12个月复查,观察两组玻璃离子材料的保留情况及新增龋坏情况.结果 封闭后3、6、12个月试验组封闭剂的完全脱落率分别为7.1％、10.1％、13.1％,和对照组窝沟封闭剂完全脱落率之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),且2组均无新增龋坏发生.结论 玻璃离子用于未完全萌出或已患有窝沟浅龋的第一恒磨牙的窝沟封闭,能有效预防恒牙早期窝沟龋,扩大了窝沟封闭的适应证.     

乌鲁木齐市7～9岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋病及萌出情况调查

目的:调查新疆乌鲁木齐市7～9岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋和萌出状况,为龋病的防治工作提供参考。方法:采用全国第二次口腔健康流行病学调查方法,统计第一恒磨牙患龋率、龋均,龋面均、未萌出率。分析年龄、性别与患龋率的关系,以及龋病的好发牙位、牙面。结果:2 422名儿童恒磨牙总患龋率为18.04%,龋均0.32,龋面均0.52,未萌出率11.23%;女生患龋率略高于男生,且随年龄升高而上升;7岁组患龋率和龋均最低;上颌好发于牙合面、舌腭面,下颌好发于牙合面、颊面。结论:乌鲁木齐7～9岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋损呈上升趋势。应加强口腔卫生指导,积极预防并早期治疗恒磨牙龋病。     

第一恒磨牙异位葫出矫治方法的初步探讨

第一恒磨牙近中异位萌出.势必引起第二乳磨牙根部的远中过早吸收及造成该牙的过早脱落,更严重的是减少了牙弓长度,导致第二双尖牙,第一双尖牙,单尖牙萌出无位置而受阻,继而造成双尖牙及尖牙的拥挤,破坏牙(牙合)关系。为了能使牙(牙合)畸形得到早期防治,著者对来院就诊的6～7岁儿童做了初步的调查,并对矫治法案做出了初步设想,对个别患者进行了矫治.临床资料:二年期间共调查了131名来院就诊的6～7岁儿童.男性77名,女性54名.结果有8例第一恒磨牙异位萌出,男5例、女3例,占6.1%.     

弹弓式磨牙远移器治疗上颌第一恒磨牙异位萌出

目的评价使用弹弓式磨牙远移器治疗第一恒磨牙异位萌出的临床效果。方法选择替牙期不可逆性第一恒磨牙异位萌出患者8例,男3例,女5例,年龄6.8~9.5岁,平均8.6岁。所有病例均存在不同程度的第二乳磨牙远中根吸收。采用弹弓式磨牙远移器标准型或简化型矫治器治疗,推第一恒磨牙向远中移动,使第一恒磨牙与第二乳磨牙远中面脱离接触并最终萌出到正常位置。结果所有病例第一恒磨牙牙冠均向远中移动并竖直,与第二乳磨牙脱离接触。治疗时间1.5~4.0个月,平均2.2个月。结论弹弓式磨牙远移器是治疗第一恒磨牙异位萌出的有效方法。     

氟化钠滴剂预防儿童乳牙龋齿的2年临床效果评价

目的　研究氟化钠滴剂对儿童乳牙龋病的预防作用。方法　在成都市13所幼儿园3~4岁儿童中随机抽 取1 200人,平均分为3组,每组400人。第1组(氟滴组)采用氟化钠滴剂点滴;第2组(含氟牙膏组)采用含氟牙膏 刷牙;第3组(对照组)未采用任何统一干预措施。对这3组儿童进行2年的乳牙龋病预防评价。结果　氟滴组第 1、2年的新增龋面均分别为1·35±0·57和1·85±0·57,含氟牙膏组第1、2年的新增龋面均分别为1·53±1·09和 2·75±1·33,对照组第1、2年的新增龋面均分别为2·19±1·12和4·73±2·17。统计分析表明,氟滴组和含氟牙膏组 的新增龋面均低于对照组,二者之间的差异有统计学意义;氟滴组和含氟牙膏组二者新增龋面均的差异无统计学 意义。结论　氟化钠滴剂预防儿童乳牙龋齿的效果明显。     

Evaluation of a routine for prevention and treatment of fissure caries in permanent first molars

Fissure sealing as well as fluoride varnish have shown good preventive effect against fissure caries in newly erupted teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a clinical routine in which these two methods were combined. The evaluation was done in a public dental clinic in Norway, and three dentists performed and evaluated the treatment. The population belonged to two different year classes (born 1978 and 1979), 196 in all, and they were followed semiannually from age 6 until 8 and 9 yr, respectively. The routine was as follows: all erupted permanent first molars without fissure caries were cleaned and painted with a fluoride varnish (Duraphat) every 6 months. Fissures showing incipient caries were opened with a rotating instrument and sealed if caries was restricted to the enamel. Amalgam fillings were placed if caries had progressed to the dentin. The operator time required for the fissure treatment was recorded. After 2 yr observation of children born in 1978 and 1979, 72% of the fissures were intact, 13% had been sealed, and 15% filled, and the corresponding figures after 3 yr (1978-children) were 65%, 15%, and 20%. In approximately 45% of the children all four permanent molars were intact, while about 12% had all molars sealed or filled. The average time spent for application of sealants was 4.1 min and for application of amalgam fillings 5.9 min.     

Comparison of the caries-preventive effect of a glass ionomer sealant and fluoride varnish on newly erupted first permanent molars of children with and without dental caries experience

Abstract

Purpose: This longitudinal clinic study evaluated the effect of a glass ionomer sealant (GIS) and a fluoride varnish (FV) in the prevention of dental decay on newly erupted permanent molars of children with and without caries experience. Materials and methods: Eighty children, aged 6–8 years, with all four newly erupted first permanent molars, were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 53 children without caries experience and group 2 consisted of 27 children with dental caries experience. Permanent molars of the right side were sealed with GIS and the fluoride varnish was applied on the other two permanent first molars. Evaluation of GIS retention and the effectiveness of both materials in the prevention of dental caries were performed after 6, 12 and 18 months. Results: After 18 months, of the 299 teeth, 271 (91%) showed no caries lesions and 28 presented caries lesions (9%). Teeth sealed with GIS had more carious lesions (15) than teeth with fluoride varnish (13). Most of the teeth (70%) that presented carious lesions were in group 2. Of the 138 sealed teeth, only one showed GIS to be totally present, 95 were partially present and 42 teeth were absent. Conclusion: The caries-preventive effect was very similar between both treatments. The presence of dental caries prevailed in the children with caries experience.     

Fluoride supplements and caries in a non-fluoridated child population

In Norway, there is no water fluoridation and little naturally occurring fluoride in drinking water. Fluoride toothpaste is used by 95% of the population and there is a long tradition of use of fluoride supplements. The purpose of this study was to analyse whether children who used fluoride toothpaste regularly and complied with the recommendations for use of fluoride supplements had less caries than other children at the age of 8 years. Most fluoride supplements sold in Norway are lozenge-type tablets, which allow for extended enamel exposure to fluoride. All children (n = 551) born in 1988 living in a suburban community in Norway were invited to participate. In those who participated (n = 470), caries was registered clinically and radiographically and parents provided data on use of supplements. Thirty-eight percent of the children had used fluoride supplements regularly during the period 0.5 to 4.0 years of age and 66% used supplements regularly at the age of 6 to 8 years. Multivariate analyses showed that the children complying with the recommendations for use of fluoride supplements during the period 0.5 to 4.0 years of age had lower caries experience (dmfs) and fewer decayed surfaces (ds) in primary teeth than other children. No significant associations were found between supplement use in childhood and caries prevalence (DMFS) or number of decayed surfaces (DS) in permanent teeth at the age of 8 years. Supplement use from 6 to 8 years of age was not associated with caries occurrence either in primary or in permanent teeth. Both mother's education and the quality of dental hygiene were inversely associated with caries occurrence.     

Sealant effectiveness for children receiving a combination of preventive methods in a fluoridated community: two-year results.

A series of preventive methods in combination have been used to reduce dental caries in children including dental health education, prophylaxes, pit and fissure sealants, topical application of fluoride and restorative care. Prophylaxes, sealant, and fluoride procedures are repeated every six months. Two-year results show reductions of occlusal caries increments of 74.3% for first graders and 77.1% for sixth graders. Sealant loss, as defined in this study, varied from 33% to 90% with the highest loss occurring in the newly erupted permanent molars during the first six months of the project. These high sealant loss rates are thought to be related to the age of the population which was designed to include children at the ages of peak eruption of permanent molar teeth (ages six and twelve). These teeth were often only minimally erupted and maintaining the dry field required for sealant retention was extremely difficult. However, in spite of these high rates of sealant loss, caries reduction on occlusal surfaces was highly significant in comparision to that of children who did not receive sealants.     

氟保护漆对青少年固定正畸中釉质脱矿的影响

目的 探讨氟保护漆对青少年正畸患者固定矫治后釉质脱矿发生率的影响。方法 将80例16岁以下青少年固定正畸矫治患者随机分成2组：对照组40例（721颗）,对患者及家长进行口腔健康教育,不涂氟;实验组40例（742颗）,除了对患者和家长宣教外,戴用固定矫治器时及正畸期间每6个月用氟保护漆处理牙面。临床观察2年,对粘接托槽的牙齿观察其脱矿程度。结果 实验组中706颗牙脱矿指数为0,出现脱矿的有36颗,脱矿率为4.85%,未出现脱矿指数大于1的患牙。对照组中有604颗牙脱矿指数为0,出现脱矿的有117颗,脱矿率为16.23%,其中脱矿指数大于1的患牙有18颗。两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 固定正畸患者戴用固定矫治器时及矫治期间使用氟保护漆能有效预防正畸牙釉质脱矿。     

Fluoride release from a fluoride-containing amalgam in vivo

Six test subjects using a low fluoride diet collected saliva samples each morning for 1 wk to determine the normal fluoride concentration. During the following 8 wk an acrylic plate, containing amalgam “fillings” corresponding to 6 MOD amalgams in premolars, was worn each night. Saliva samples were collected every morning and analyzed with a fluoride-ion electrode. Normal fluoride values ranged from 1.22 μM to 0.57 μM. The first days after insertion of the plates the fluoride concentration ranged from 91.06 μM to 12.26 μM in the subjects. The following 25—30 days there was an exponential decline of the fluoride concentration in saliva with a half-life of 6 to 7 days. The fluoride level was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than basal levels in all subjects during this period. The following 20–25 days the fluoride level decreased more slowly, approaching the basal level. One subject had a significantly higher fluoride level for all 8 wk. Since the saliva fluoride concentrations registered seem to be sufficient to enhance remineralization, it is concluded that restorations with this material may have a favorable effect not only on secondary caries, but on any initial demineralization in the mouth.     

Effect of chlorhexidine-thymol varnish on caries lesion development in first permanent molars

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the caries prevention efficacy of chlorhexidine-thymol (CHX-T) varnish on newly erupted permanent first molars. METHODS: Fifty-seven six- to eight-year-old school children were included in a program of sequential CHX-T varnish application. For inclusion, they had to have at least two homologous, newly erupted first permanent molars with visually sound occlusal surfaces. A clinical examination was used to determine the molar eruption stage, biofilm presence, and whole caries status. There were 99 pairs of molars in the study population. A split-mouth design was used where each child randomly had one first molar treated with six applications of CHX-T varnish, and the other with a placebo varnish, every 15 days for 75 days. The children were then revaluated for caries one year following the conclusion of treatment. RESULTS: Fourteen pairs of teeth presented incipient enamel caries lesions in both molars (one CHX-T and one placebo varnish), four developed lesions in the placebo-treated molars only, and eight developed lesions in CHX-T varnish-treated molar only. No significant statistical differences were found between the two groups with regard to caries increment (p = 0.20). CONCLUSION: Six applications of CHX-T varnish had no protective effect against caries development.     

Fluoride intake and prevalence of dental fluorosis: trends in fluoride intake with special attention to infants

BACKGROUND: Although the predominant beneficial effect of fluoride occurs locally in the mouth, the adverse effect, dental fluorosis, occurs by the systemic route. The caries attack rate in industrialized countries, including the United States and Canada, has decreased dramatically over the past 40 years. However, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the United States has increased during the last 30 years both in communities with fluoridated water and in communities with nonfluoridated water. Dental fluorosis is closely associated with fluoride intake during the period of tooth development. METHODS: We reviewed the major changes in infant feeding practices that have occurred since 1930 and the changes in fluoride intakes by infants and young children associated with changes in feeding practices. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Based on this review, we conclude that fluoride intakes of infants and children have shown a rather steady increase since 1930, are likely to continue to increase, and will be associated with further increase in the prevalence of enamel fluorosis unless intervention measures are instituted. RECOMMENDATIONS: We believe the most important measures that should be undertaken are (1) use, when feasible, of water low in fluoride for dilution of infant formulas; (2) adult supervision of toothbrushing by children younger than 5 years of age; and (3) changes in recommendations for administration of fluoride supplements so that such supplements are not given to infants and more stringent criteria are applied for administration to children.     

Fluoride dentifrice ingestion and fluorosis of the permanent incisors

BACKGROUND: Fluoride dentifrice is a primary means of preventing childhood caries, but it is also an important risk factor for fluorosis. The authors examine the influence of fluoride dentifrice ingestion on fluorosis of the permanent incisors. METHODS: Participants in the Iowa Fluoride Study received questionnaires at regular intervals concerning fluoride sources. The authors assessed fluorosis using the fluorosis risk index. They estimated daily fluoride ingestion from dentifrice, diet and fluoride supplements and divided the amount by kilograms of body weight. The statistical analysis related fluoride ingestion to fluorosis in the permanent incisors. RESULTS: In bivariate analyses, mild fluorosis was significantly related to ingestion of fluoride dentifrice at ages 24 and 36 months (P = .02 for both). After the authors adjusted for fluoride ingested from dietary sources, logistic regression showed a significant association between fluorosis and dentifrice ingestion at age 24 months (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: The study results suggest that fluorosis of the permanent incisors is influenced by ingestion of fluoride dentifrice during the first three years of life. Further research is needed to assess total intake of fluoride as a risk factor for fluorosis. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These results support recommendations that young children use only a pea-sized amount of dentifrice. Parents should supervise young children as they brush their teeth with fluoride dentifrice.