膀胱过度活动症症状评分表评估膀胱过度活动症的临床研究

目的 确定膀胱过度活动症症状评分表(OABSS)在评价膀胱过度活动症(OAB)中的临床应用价值.方法 初发的OAB患者接受抗毒蕈碱药物托特罗定治疗.在基线期及12周治疗后完成3 d排尿日记和OABSS,通过对比分析治疗前后相关指标的变化、变量的一致性和变化的相关性.结果 本次研究包括59例患者,男22例,女37例,年龄(31.1±9.6)岁,OABSS和相应的3 d排尿日记均显示有统计学意义的疗效改善变化.OABSS中尿急评分的效应值最大(2.10),总评分效应值1.55,排尿日记中尿急评分效应值0.92.OABSS中除白天排尿次数外,其余效应值均大于相应排尿日记的效应值,标准反应均数的变化与效应值的变化相同.OABSS中项目评分和相应排尿日记的变量在基线期及12周治疗后有良好的一致性.急迫性尿失禁及夜尿在OABSS和相应排尿日记的变量有高度相关性.结论 OABSS对治疗相关OAB症候群变化有高度敏感性,在日常临床实践中,OABSS借其简易性及可靠性,可成为排尿日记之外的一种可供选择的评估症状和疗效的工具.     

骶神经根磁刺激联合索利那新治疗女性难治性膀胱过度活动症的效果

目的 探讨骶神经根磁刺激联合索利那新治疗女性难治性膀胱过度活动症(OAB)的临床效果。方法 2017年1月至12月,120例难治性OAB患者随机分为骶神经根磁刺激组(n = 40)、索利那新组(n = 40)和联合治疗组(n = 40)。治疗前后分别评价三组排尿日记(日间排尿次数、夜间排尿次数、单次排尿量、尿急次数)、尿动力指标(初始尿意膀胱容量、最大膀胱容量)和膀胱过度活动症评分(OABSS)。结果 骶神经根磁刺激组2例、索利那新组1例、联合治疗组1例脱落。联合治疗组日间排尿次数、夜间排尿次数、单次排尿量、尿急次数、初始尿意膀胱容量、最大膀胱容量和OABSS评分均优于骶神经根磁刺激组和索利那新组(P < 0.05)。 结论 骶神经根磁刺激联合索利那新治疗女性难治性膀胱过度活动症效果优于单一疗法。     

行为疗法联合托特罗定治疗女性膀胱过度活动症伴急迫性尿失禁的疗效观察

目的探讨行为疗法联合托特罗定治疗女性膀胱过度活动症(OAB)伴急迫性尿失禁(UUI)的临床疗效。方法选取北京市清河社区卫生服务中心就诊的女性OAB伴UUI患者91例,按就诊时间随机分为2组,A组45例,给予口服托特罗定8周;B组46例,给予行为疗法联合口服托特罗定联合治疗8周。比较2组治疗后患者的排尿日记、生活质量评分和尿流动力学检查结果。结果治疗后2组患者24h排尿次数、24h尿失禁次数均明显减少,每次排尿量、膀胱测压容积均明显增加,生活质量评分均改善,B组较A组效果更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论行为疗法联合托特罗定比单用托特罗定治疗女性OAB伴UUI更有效。     

膀胱过度活动症(OAB)治疗近况

膀胱过度活动症(overactive bladder，OAB)是常规的排尿功能障碍的临床症状，也是目前国内外研究的热点之一。OAB的异名很多，但有神经异常原因者，常称逼尿肌反射亢进(detrusor hyperflexia)。根据国际尿控协会将OAB定义为逼尿肌无意识收缩，前提是没有感染或其他明显的病理改变，表现为尿急，伴有／也可不会急迫性尿失禁，并且经常有尿频和夜尿症状。     

盆底肌电刺激治疗老年女性患者膀胱过度活动症

膀胱过度活动症(overactive bladder,OAB)是指由于逼尿肌无抑制性收缩引起的尿急、尿频和/或急迫性尿失禁症状.     

电针中极和关元治疗脑卒中后急迫性尿失禁的效果

目的 观察电针中极和关元治疗脑卒中后急迫性尿失禁的临床效果。 方法 2015年5月至2018年5月,40例脑卒中后急迫性尿失禁患者随机分为对照组(n = 20)和电针组(n = 20),两组均行常规治疗,电针组另予电针中极和关元,共4周。治疗前后完成72小时排尿日志,采用尿失禁程度量表进行评分,并行尿流动力学检查。 结果 对照组17例、电针组18例完成试验。两组治疗后总排尿次数、急迫性尿失禁次数和夜间因排尿护理者被叫起次数显著减少,平均尿量显著增加,尿失禁程度量表评分显著下降(|t| > 4.770, P < 0.001);电针组均明显优于对照组(| t| > 2.962, P < 0.01)。两组治疗后,最大膀胱测量容量和膀胱顺应性显著增加,最大膀胱压力和最大逼尿肌压力显著降低(| t| > 4.052, P < 0.001),电针组优于对照组(| t| > 2.716, P < 0.05)。 结论 电针中极和关元可显著改善急迫性尿失禁症状,与减小逼尿肌压力和膀胱压力、增大膀胱容量、改善膀胱顺应性有关。     

盆底电刺激联合膀胱功能训练对脊髓损伤急迫性尿失禁患者生活质量的影响

目的:评价盆底肌电刺激联合膀胱功能训练对脊髓损伤急迫性尿失禁患者生活质量的影响并随访观察其长期疗效。方法:①采用真实世界研究方法将176例骶髓以上脊髓损伤急迫性尿失禁患者分为对照组(n=67例)、观察组(n=109例)。对照组给予膀胱功能训练,观察组给予膀胱功能训练联合盆底电刺激。于治疗前、治疗3个月后分别检测2组患者排尿日记和尿动力学指标,并通过尿失禁生存质量量表(I-QOL)评估患者的日常生活质量。②观察组治疗结束半年及以上,通过门诊随诊和电话随访的方式对临床症状有效的脊髓损伤急迫性尿失禁患者63例进行随访,以观察该方法的长期疗效。结果:①治疗前2组患者24h排尿次数、24h漏尿次数、残余尿量、每次排尿量、最大膀胱容量、初始尿意膀胱容量、膀胱顺应性、充盈末期逼尿肌压、生活质量评分的差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②治疗后2组患者24h排尿次数、24h漏尿次数、残余尿量减少,每次排尿量增加。最大膀胱容量、初始尿意膀胱容量、膀胱顺应性增加,充盈末期逼尿肌压减小。生活质量明显改善(P<0.05),同时对照组与观察组在上述指标的差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。③入选...     

骶神经根磁刺激治疗逼尿肌反射亢进和急迫性尿失禁疗效观察

目的 观察骶神经根磁刺激对脊髓疾患所致逼尿肌反射亢进和急迫性尿失禁的影响.方法 采用骶神经根磁刺激治疗脊髓疾患后逼尿肌反射亢进导致急迫性尿失禁患者15例,治疗10 d,应用排尿日记、生活质量评分和尿流动力学检查评定疗效.结果 治疗后24 h平均排尿次数减少,平均单次排尿量明显增加,平均尿失禁次数减少,生活质量提高,治疗有效率85.7%;尿流动力学检查显示,应用骶神经磁刺激后初尿意时膀胱容量增加(P《0.05),最大膀胱测压容量明显增加(P《0.01),充盈末逼尿肌压力明显降低(P《0.01).结论 骶神经根磁刺激通过抑制逼尿肌反射,增加膀胱测压容积,从而改善尿频症状,减少急迫性尿失禁,提高生活质量,是非常有应用前景的新型康复治疗技术.     

膀胱过度活动症的诊治

进修医生教授,首先请您谈谈膀胱过度活动症的一些基本情况好吗? 教授膀胱过度活动症(overactive bladder,OAB)是一种以尿急症状为特征的综合征,常伴有尿频和夜尿症状,可伴或不伴有急迫性尿失禁.OAB是一种以症状学诊断为基础的概念,它取代了以尿动力学诊断为基础的逼尿肌过度活动这一概念.OAB在尿动力学上既可表现为逼尿肌过度活动,也可表现为其他形式的尿道-膀胱功能障碍.OAB无明确的病因,它不包括由急性尿路感染或其他形式的膀胱尿道局部病变所致的尿频、尿急症状,可把它与伴有OAB症状的其它许多疾病区分开来.OAB与下尿路综合征(lower urinary tract symptoms,LUTS)的鉴别点在于:OAB仅包含有储尿期症状,而LUTS既包括储尿期症状,也包括排尿期症状,如排尿困难等.     

骶神经根磁刺激联合行为治疗对脊髓损伤后 膀胱过度活动症的临床疗效观察

目的：观察骶神经根磁刺激联合行为治疗对脊髓损伤（SCI）后膀胱过度活动症(OAB)的临床疗效。方法：选取我科2017年12月至2018年12月期间收治的SCI后OAB患者33例,均采用行为治疗和骶神经根磁刺激治疗,共治疗4周。比较治疗前后排尿日记记录项目、膀胱过度活动症症状评分（OABSS）问卷评分、尿失禁问卷表简表（ICIQ-SF）评分及尿失禁生活质量量表(I-QOL)评分。结果：治疗后患者24 h平均排尿次数为（7.30±1.01）次、平均排尿量为（204.79±9.19）m L、平均尿急次数为（1.36±0.86）次、平均尿失禁次数为（0.58±0.50）次,OABSS总评分为（3.64±1.06）分,ICIQ-SF评分为（11.61±1.14）分,I-QOL评分为（70.39±2.77）分,与治疗前比较差异均具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）,治疗总有效率为75.76%。结论：骶神经根磁刺激联合行为治疗能够抑制SCI后膀胱过度活动,改善尿频、尿急、尿失禁,改善生活质量。     

Symptom-specific efficacy of tolterodine extended release in patients with overactive bladder: the IMPACT trial

We evaluated the efficacy of tolterodine extended release (ER) for patients' most bothersome overactive bladder (OAB) symptom in a primary care setting. Patients with OAB symptoms for >or=3 months received tolterodine ER (4 mg q.d.) for 12 weeks. Among incontinent patients (n = 772), the most bothersome OAB symptoms were daytime frequency (28%), urgency urinary incontinence (UUI; 27%), nocturnal frequency (26%) and urgency (19%); among continent patients (n = 91), they were daytime frequency (47%), nocturnal frequency (42%) and urgency (10%). Sixty-nine per cent of patients had one or more comorbid conditions. By week 12, there were significant reductions in patients' most bothersome symptom: -80% for UUI, -78% for urgency episodes, -40% for nocturnal frequency and -30% for daytime frequency (p < 0.0001). The most common adverse events were dry mouth (10%) and constipation (4%). In primary care practice, bothersome OAB symptoms can be effectively and safely treated with tolterodine ER, even in patients with comorbid conditions.     

Practical aspects of lifestyle modifications and behavioural interventions in the treatment of overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence

Behavioural interventions are effective treatments for overactive bladder (OAB) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). They are in part aimed at improving symptoms with patient education on healthy bladder habits and lifestyle modifications, including the establishment of normal voiding intervals, elimination of bladder irritants from the diet, management of fluid intake, weight control, management of bowel regularity and smoking cessation. Behavioural interventions also include specific training techniques aimed at re‐establishing normal voiding intervals and continence. Training techniques include bladder training, which includes a progressive voiding schedule together with relaxation and distraction for urgency suppression, and multicomponent behavioural training, which, in conjunction with pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercises, includes PFM contraction to control urgency and increase the interval between voids. Guidelines for the conservative treatment of OAB and UUI have been published by several organisations and the physiological basis and evidence for the effectiveness of behavioural interventions, including lifestyle modifications, in the treatment of OAB and UUI have been described. However, many primary care clinicians may have a limited awareness of the evidence supporting the often straight‐forward treatment recommendations and guidance for incorporating behavioural interventions into busy primary care practices, because most of this information has appeared in the specialty literature. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of behavioural interventions for OAB and UUI that can be incorporated with minimal time and effort into the treatment armamentarium of all clinicians that care for patients with bladder problems. Practical supporting materials that will facilitate the use of these interventions in the clinic are included; these can be used to help patients understand lifestyle choices and voiding behaviours that may improve function in patients experiencing OAB symptoms and/or UUI as well as promote healthy bladder behaviours and perhaps even prevent future bladder problems. Interventions for stress urinary incontinence are beyond the scope of this review.     

Solifenacin significantly improves all symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a chronic condition characterised by urgency, with or without associated urge incontinence. Solifenacin succinate is a once daily, bladder selective antimuscarinic available in two doses (5 and 10 mg). The recommended dose is 5 mg once daily and can be increased to 10 mg once daily if 5 mg is well tolerated. This article presents pooled efficacy and safety data from four large, placebo-controlled, multinational phase III trials of solifenacin succinate with a total enrolment of over 2800 patients. Data from these trials show that solifenacin 5 and 10 mg once daily is significantly more effective than placebo at reducing urgency, incontinence, micturition frequency and nocturia and at increasing volume voided per micturition. Adverse events were mainly mild-to-moderate in all treatment groups. The results of these phase III trials support the use of solifenacin in the treatment of OAB.     

女性膀胱过度活动症患者内源性硫化氢调控作用的研究

目的探讨女性膀胱过度活动症（overactive bladder,OAB）患者膀胱组织中内源性硫化氢（hydrogen sulfide,H2S）水平的变化及其与排尿功能障碍的关系。方法选取女性OAB患者（OAB组）及非OAB受试者（对照组）各50例,观察两组平均24h排尿次数、24h尿失禁次数、初始尿意容量（first desire to void,FDV）及最大尿意容量（maximal volume atmicturtion desire,MV）,评判最大尿流率（maximum urine streaming rate,Qmax）及排尿量（voiding volume,VV）,完成膀胱过度活动症评分（overactive bladder symptom score,OABSS）。两组入选对象均行膀胱镜检查,并于非膀胱三角区区域收集膀胱肌肉组织,应用敏感硫电极法测定膀胱肌肉组织匀浆中H：S含量。结果OAB组患者与对照组受试者膀胱组织中H2S水平差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。OAB组H2S水平与平均24h排尿次数及24h尿失禁次数呈正相关,与FDV、MV、VV、Qmax呈负相关。结论女性OAB患者膀胱组织内H2S水平较正常女性明显升高,H2S含量作为一种有效、客观的监测指标,对评价女性OAB患者排尿功能障碍的严重程度及治疗效果具有一定的临床意义。     

Group training for overactive bladder in female patients: a clinical,randomized, non‐blinded study

Bladder training (BT) given individually for overactive bladder symptoms (OAB) is time consuming, and patients tend to need reinforcement. We hypothesized that a specified BT programme for female OAB patients performed as group training would have the same effect as the identical programme used for individual training. A randomized, controlled, non‐blinded trial in six hospital‐situated clinics in Denmark. A total of 91 women were randomized to either individual BT or group BT (three–four patients in each group). In both settings BT was to be performed daily for a 2‐month period supported by a diary and with three training sessions at the hospital coached by a continence nurse. All analyses were performed as intention‐to‐treat. Main outcome measures were urgency episodes, urgency incontinence episodes and scores from a symptom‐specific visual analogue scale (VAS). A total of 38 women with individual BT and 41 with group BT were included in the analyses. No significant differences in urgency episodes, urgency incontinence episodes, voiding frequency between the two settings were observed after treatment. Neither did scores from the VAS scale differ. Median values showed a daily 50% reduction in urgency incontinence episodes. Daily voiding frequency of 8·5–10 was reduced to 7·5 voidings. Women were equally satisfied with the programme in both settings. Compliance in training was equal, and no serious adverse events were reported in either setting. This particular BT programme for female OAB patients showed no difference between group training and individual training with respect to clinical end points, patient satisfaction or compliance.     

Efficacy, tolerability and safety of darifenacin, an M(3) selective receptor antagonist: an investigation of warning time in patients with OAB

This double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled, multicentre study evaluated the efficacy, tolerability and safety of 12 weeks' treatment with controlled release darifenacin 15 mg once daily (qd), in 445 patients with overactive bladder (OAB). The primary endpoint was warning time (time from first sensation of urgency to voiding), and secondary endpoints included urge incontinence episodes and volume voided. Darifenacin treatment resulted in numerical increases in warning time, but these were not significant compared with placebo -- highlighting difficulties in assessing this parameter. Significant improvements were seen with darifenacin vs. placebo in urge incontinence episodes/week, volume voided and quality of life (QoL). Darifenacin was associated with increases in urgency-free time (UFT; time between any void to the next urgency event) vs. placebo. Treatment was well tolerated; the most commonly reported adverse events were the typical antimuscarinic effects of dry mouth and constipation, both infrequently leading to discontinuation. This study demonstrated the difficulty in measuring warning time, due in part to its subjective nature; the authors believe further investigation is warranted to allow urgency to be better defined. Further investigation of UFT is required to determine its role in evaluating urgency. The study confirmed that darifenacin 15 mg qd is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for OAB, which improves QoL.     

Overactive bladder: achieving a differential diagnosis from other lower urinary tract conditions

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a debilitating condition characterised by an urgent need to urinate (urgency), often with urinary frequency and, in some cases, urgency incontinence and nocturnal frequency. Patients often adopt complex adaptive behaviours to cope with their symptoms as OAB can compromise all dimensions of a patient's quality of life. Most OAB patients present initially to their primary care physician. Diagnosis is based on presenting symptomatology and does not require any invasive tests. Direct questioning about symptoms is important in achieving a differential diagnosis. The most common condition to be considered when working towards a differential diagnosis is a urinary tract infection (UTI). However, some physicians have expressed concerns about identifying the small number of cases where bladder cancer is a potential underlying aetiology for the symptoms of OAB. In this review, we examine the prevalence and patient profiles for these bladder conditions and their presenting symptomatology. We also review tests that may be recommended to exclude a diagnosis of UTI or bladder cancer and present a diagnostic algorithm suitable for office-based primary care practice.     

Efficacy and safety of solifenacin succinate in Korean patients with overactive bladder: a randomised,prospective, double‐blind,multicentre study

Purpose: We assessed the efficacy and safety of solifenacin compared with tolterodine for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in Korean patients. Materials and methods: The study was randomised, double‐blind, tolterodine‐controlled trial in Korea. Patients had average frequency of ≥ 8 voids per 24 h and episodes of urgency or urgency incontinence ≥ 3 during 3‐day voiding diary period. Patients were randomised to 12‐week double‐blind treatment with either tolterodine immediate release (IR) 2 mg twice daily (TOL4) or solifenacin 5 mg (SOL5) or 10 mg (SOL10) once daily. The outcome measure was mean change in daily micturition frequency, volume, daily frequency of urgency incontinence, urgency and nocturia from baseline to week 12. Quality of life was assessed using the King’s Health Questionnaire. Results: A total of 357 were randomised and 329 were evaluated for efficacy. All voiding parameters recorded in micturition diary improved after treatment in all three groups. Mean changes in volume voided were 19.30 ml (26.69%) in TOL4, 30.37 ml (25.89%) in SOL5 and 37.12 ml (33.36%) in SOL10 group (p = 0.03). Speed of onset of SOL10 efficacy on urgency incontinence was faster than that of SOL5 and TOL4. Quality of life improved in all three groups. Dry mouth was the most common adverse event; its incidence was the lowest in SOL5 group (7.63%, compared with 19.49% and 18.64% in SOL10 and TOL4 groups respectively). Conclusions: Solifenacin succinate 5 and 10 mg once daily improve OAB symptoms with acceptable tolerability levels compared with tolterodine IR 4 mg. Solifenacin 5 mg is a recommended starting dose in Korean patients with OAB.     

Usefulness of a prevoiding transabdominal sonographic bladder scan for uroflowmetry in patients involved in clinical studies of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: Flow rate measurements in clinical studies require an amount of voided urine greater than 125 to 150 mL. Often patients do not void sufficient amounts of urine, and having them produce repeated flows is often difficult. Transabdominal sonographic scanning of the bladder is a simple method for estimating bladder volume. We determined by sonography the prevoiding bladder volume needed to void a sufficient amount of urine. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with a mean age +/- SD of 67.5 +/- 8.0 years underwent free flow rate measurement. Bladder volume was measured by transabdominal sonography when the patient had the sensation to void and after uroflowmetry to calculate residual urine. RESULTS: The voided volume was 220 +/- 127 mL; the postvoiding residual urine volume was 92 +/- 88 mL; and the bladder scan volume was 309 +/- 158 mL. Among all patients, 23.9% had insufficient voided volumes of less than 125 mL in the flow rate measurements, and 31.3% had voided volumes of less than 150 mL. There was a strong correlation between the prevoiding measured volume and the voided volume (r = 0.836; P < .0001). Linear regression analysis of the flow rate recording yielded the following formula: voided volume = 11,766 + (0.673 x prevoiding volume). CONCLUSIONS: Bladder scanning before uroflowmetry is a useful test for reducing the amount of nonevaluable flow rate data. If a voided volume of greater than 125 mL (>150 mL) is required, the mandatory prevoiding bladder scan volume should be greater than 200 mL (>250 mL), which would decrease the number of noneligible flow rate recordings from 23.9% to 4.5% (31.3% to 4.5%).