多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌耐药状况分析

目的 了解医院铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药谱动态变化,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据.方法 应用回顾性调查方法,对本院从2005年1月至2009年6月间临床样本分离的铜绿假单胞菌的药敏试验进行对比统计分析.结果 所分离出的1125株铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率总体呈上升趋势.耐药率最低的是美罗培南（33%）.铜绿假单胞菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药性均有显著性变化.结论 本地区铜绿假单胞菌耐药率有显著性变化,多重耐药现象严重,动态监测其耐药谱变化是防止铜绿假单胞菌的感染率攀升的重要措施.     

冠心病运动处方的最新研究进展

冠心病是目前中国成人心脏病住院和死亡第一位原因,其发病率和病死率呈逐年上升趋势。随着医疗条件的发展,心脏康复知识的普及,冠心病患者康复意识逐渐提高,人们也越来越重视运动锻炼。     

重视对认知功能障碍的临床研究

随着社会经济的发展和医学的进步,人口寿命明显延长。按照世界卫生组织的统计,我国65岁以上人口在1997年约为8000万,预计2020年将达到2亿。人口老龄化使得老年疾病成为重要的社会和医学问题,其中认知功能障碍尤为突出,表现为发病和患病率高、社会家庭负担重和患者生命质量差。欧洲2000年的流行病学统计表明认知功能障碍的发病率是脑卒中的1．5-3．0倍,患病率分别是脑卒中和帕金森病的2-4倍及4-6倍。我国最新的流行病学调查结果显示我国痴呆的患病率与欧美发达国家相当,65岁以上人群的痴呆患病率为7．5％,     

Impact on physical fitness on cognitive aging

Cognitive vitality is one of the determining factors of autonomy in the elderly. Aging is often accompanied by important changes in the central nervous system, which may lead to cognitive decline. Several factors seem however to modulate the effect of aging on cognition. For instance, older adults who engage in regular physical activity have better performances in tests implying decision-making process, memory and problems solving. This article draws up a portrait of normal aging while being interested in the impact of the physical fitness on cognition in the elderly. Although further researches are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which physical fitness enhance cognition in old age, recent studies have shown that improving physical fitness leads to better performances in tasks assessing a diversity of cognitive domains. Moreover, the impact of physical fitness appears to be heterogeneous, being of greater amplitude in tasks that tap executive functions. It thus seems that physical training could serve to enhance and maintain cognitive vitality in older adults.     

糖尿病对肾移植预后影响的研究

目的探讨肾移植患者合并糖尿病对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析1988年4月至2008年3月中国人民解放军总医院第二附属医院收治的507例肾移植患者手术前后相关临床资料和随访资料。结果507例共行539例次肾移植术(多次手术29例),其中52例合并糖尿病[其中男30例,年龄(51.4±7.1)岁;女22例,年龄(51.6±4.9)岁],移植前糖尿病16例,移植后糖尿病36例;因糖尿病肾病致肾衰竭性肾移植治疗占糖尿病的30.8%。未合并糖尿病肾移植455例[其中男293例,年龄(38.7±12.3)岁;女126例,年龄(43.5±10.1)岁]。合并糖尿病组的各种并发症患病率均显著高于非糖尿病组。合并糖尿病组病死率17.3%(9/52),同期非糖尿病肾移植组病死率7.7%(35/455),尤以移植前糖尿病病死率最高。结论肾移植合并糖尿病者病死率高、合并症多,需加强对肾移植前后糖尿病的控制。     

Long on QT and low on calcium

Acquired lengthening of the QT interval due to hypocalcaemia is a rare cause of arrhythmia in childhood. Early recognition, rapid institution of appropriate cardiac monitoring, and replacement therapy are essential. An endocrinal work-up may be necessary to exclude primary disorders of calcium metabolism. We report four cases documenting the varied clinical spectrum in which hypocalcaemic-induced prolongation of the QT interval and arrhythmia can occur in childhood.     

肥胖对心房颤动影响的争议

心房颤动(房颤)为临床上最常见的持续性快速心律失常,在美国Miyasaka等[1]报道经年龄和性别校正后房颤的发病率在1980年为3.03％,2000年为3.68％,21年来房颤发病率上升了12.6％.房颤发病率的增加与多种因素有关,已被认知的房颤危险因素包括年龄、男性、高血压、瓣膜性心脏病、慢性心力衰竭、甲状腺疾病等[2],其中一个重要原因在于肥胖的患病率逐年增加.但是肥胖对房颤的影响仍存争议,故本文就肥胖与房颤的相关性作一综述.     

Influence of Repeated Measurement on One Occasion,on Successive Days,and on Workdays on Home Blood Pressure Values

Few reports provide clear guidelines on how home blood pressure (HBP) should be measured in practice. In this study, we evaluated the influence of repeated HBP measurements on one occasion, and the difference between the 1st and 2nd day and between workdays and nonworkdays. The subjects (468 male, 232 female; mean age 41 years) were recruited from one company. HBP was measured with a semiautomatic device (Omron HEM-759P). Subjects were instructed to perform triplicate morning (m) and evening (e) measurements on 7 consecutive days. HBP tended to decrease during repeated measurements: systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly higher the 1st time than the 2nd time and 3rd time. There was no difference in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between the 1st and 2nd time, but the value the 3rd time was significantly lower than the 1st and 2nd time. Both mHBP and eHBP on the 1st day were significantly higher than those on the 2nd day. mHBP was higher on the 1st workday than on nonworkdays, but the difference was less than 1 mmHg and there was no significant difference. Since there were significant differences in HBP during repeated measurements and between the 1st and 2nd day, which value to adopt as HBP needs to be discussed. Whether HBP was measured on a workday or a nonworkday seemed to have little influence on the HBP values obtained.     

Cardiologist on trial: reflections on credible evidence

During a recent medical malpractice lawsuit brought against me, I was forced to confront the fundamentally different ways in which physician scientists and litigation attorneys assess and utilize clinical evidence. The plaintiff alleged that I failed to diagnose myocardial sarcoid in her husband and that my failure to do so resulted in her husband's death. Her case was based largely on the testimony of one expert witness, who had been involved in more than 300 other medical malpractice actions, and who had never performed any kind of peer-reviewed research or systematic reviews on myocardial sarcoid. None of the evidence that he presented against me was based on randomized trials, high-quality observational studies or even published practice guidelines, yet the judge saw fit to introduce his testimony as valid evidence to be considered by a lay jury. I conclude by proposing a voluntary system whereby expert witnesses would subject their reports to external peer review, much as is done at top-tier medical journals. Those experts who are able to have their reports pass peer review would be presented to the jury as having a greater level of credibility.