4 胆囊管残株结石的诊断和治疗:附22例报告

目的探讨胆囊管残株结石的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析18年间收治的22例胆囊管残株结石患者的临床资料。结果22例中18例行ERCP确诊6例,MRCP确诊12例;另4例因胆总管结石进行胆总管探查术时发现残留胆囊管过长且有结石,术中胆道造影证实为胆囊管残株结石。全部患者经再次手术治疗获得痊愈,术后随访3年以上,效果满意。结论胆囊管残株结石与第1次手术密切有关,MRCP和ERCP是其最有价值的诊断方法。再次手术难度大,手术应谨慎。     

腹腔镜胆囊管结石及胆囊管残株结石的处理体会

目的:总结胆囊管结石的术前诊断及腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)、胆总管探查术的处理措施与技巧,并探讨LC术后早期胆囊管残留结石行腹腔镜胆囊管残株切除术的手术方式、技巧与注意事项。方法:回顾分析27例LC、2例腹腔镜胆总管探查术、2例LC术后早期腹腔镜胆囊管残株切除术的临床资料。结果:31例均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。LC术中1例肝总管针孔样损伤,用4-0可吸收线缝合修补一针,术后无胆漏发生。结论:胆囊管结石较常见,术前、术中容易漏诊,对于术后早期发生的胆囊管残留结石可行腹腔镜胆囊管残株切除。     

胆囊切除术后残株结石14例分析

目的：探讨胆囊残株结石发生的原因，治疗方法及预防措施。方法：对14例胆囊切除术后残株结石进行回顾性分析。结果：胆囊残株结石症状典型，合并胆道畸形，继发胆管炎，胆漏等发生率高，其治疗多需胆总管探查，在胆总管内找到残株开口并插入金属探子引导切除，有时还需处理胆道畸形，14例均再次手术治愈。结论：规范手术，提高胆囊切除术质量，此外术中经胆囊管胆道造影是避免胆囊残株结石发生的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残株胆囊及胆囊管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残株胆囊／胆囊管结石的原因、诊断、处理及预防方法。方法回顾总结我院 1992-2005年间收治的8例腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残株胆囊／胆囊管结石病例的临床资料。结果 8例病人术前经B超、MRI、 ERCP检查确诊后,均经再次手术治愈。残株胆囊结石2例;残株胆囊管结石6例,其中2例合并胆总管结石;2例行残余胆囊切除术,6例行残株胆囊管切除、其中4例附加胆总管切开探查和／或取石、T型管引流。随访1．1-13年,效果良好。结论判断失误是腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残株胆囊结石的主要原因,过长的炎性及畸形的胆囊管残留是腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残株胆囊管结石的主要原因;其症状和体征类似于结石性胆囊炎、合并胆管结石时可有黄疸;B超、CT、ERCP等检查可确诊;再次手术切除(或取出)残株胆囊／胆囊管(结石)是有效可靠的治疗方法;娴熟的腹腔镜技术、术中胆道造影、正确掌握中转开腹指征以及丰富的胆道外科经验是预防其发生的关键。     

胆囊管残株结石诊治体会

胆囊切除术是治疗结石性胆囊炎最常见的外科手术。如术中未将胆囊管完整切除或胆囊管残留有结石均可导致胆囊管残株结石,常需再次手术[1]。我院1988年1月至2002年6月间共收治该类患者17例,均行手术治疗,现报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组17例,其中男8例,女9例;年龄28~69岁,     

胆囊切除术后胆道病变22例临床分析

目的 探讨胆囊切除术后胆道病变的诊治及预防方法.方法 回顾性分析胆囊切除术后胆道病变22例的临床资料.结果 22例胆囊切除术后胆道病变经B型超声、ERCP、MRCP等诊断明确.10例残余胆囊、胆囊管结石及7例胆总管残余结石再次手术均治愈;3例意外胆囊癌中1例非手术治疗者于术后2个月死亡,另2例行肝楔形切除者已分别随访7个月和4个月,无复发现象;1例胆囊残株癌术后1年健在;1例胆囊残留癌再次手术后4个月死亡.结论 预防胆囊切除术后胆道病变重点在于术中仔细探查,准确地处理胆囊管,规范切除胆囊;正确对待胆囊大部切除术;正确看待小切口手术,以术野显露清楚为前提;慎重选择急性炎症期的手术时机.     

胆囊结石继发胆囊管结石诊治体会

目的 总结胆囊结石继发胆囊管地石诊治经验。方法 回顾分析１７例胆囊结石继发胆囊管结石和６例胆囊切除后残株结石的治疗过程。结果 ２３例手术后均痊愈出院，无并发症，１例随访无胆道复发症状。结论 术中细查，及时发现结石，正确掌握取石方法和残株切除是治疗胆囊结石继发胆囊结石的关键。     

胆囊切除术后残留胆囊病变28例临床分析

目的探讨胆囊切除术后残留胆囊病变的发病原因、诊断及治疗。方法对1993年1月~2003年12月28例胆囊切除术后残余胆囊病变患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析总结。结果本组27例均经再次手术切除残余胆囊,其中2例同时行胆总管切开取石、T管引流术,术后痊愈。1例胆囊残株癌行残余胆囊及胆总管切除肝肠吻合术,术后1年随访病人健在,术前症状消失。结论反复感染致使Calot三角严重粘连、胆囊颈管解剖变异、手术医生经验不足是造成手术残留的主要原因。首次胆囊切除术后原发症状仍然存在,结合B超、X线即可确诊。再次手术切除残余病变是治疗的有效手段。     

一组腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术病例的术后随访观察

目的随访观察一组腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术病例的术后疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年4月-2013年12月97例我院行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术的患者资料。术后随访时间最长8年余,最短为6个月。随访期内行腹部彩超、CT、MRI等检查。结果术后右上腹疼痛者9例,3例因胆囊结石残留二次行胆囊残株切除术,无胆总管狭窄等严重远期并发症出现。结论腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术对某些病例是安全有效的治疗方法,对于结石残留的胆囊残株炎病例仍需二次手术切除残留的胆囊。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残留胆囊管结石的诊治分析（附13例报告）

目的　探讨胆囊切除术后残留胆囊管合并结石的临床诊断及治疗,分析其成因,总结降低其发生率的经验。方法　回顾分析2000年～2010年收治的13例胆囊切除术后残留胆囊管合并结石的临床表现、术前影像、诊治结果。结果 13例残留胆囊管结石均为术前诊断,并经手术证实。所有患者均成功切除残留胆囊管,去除病灶。除1例术后轻微胆漏和1例肠粘连经保守治疗后恢复外,其余术后恢复良好。随访10个月至2年,术前症状完全消失。结论 胆囊切除术后残留胆囊管合并结石诊断并不困难,手术是治疗残留胆囊管合并结石唯一方法。严格精准的手术操作是减少残留胆囊管结石发生的重要因素。     

十二指肠镜、腹腔镜序贯治疗胆石症2 248例分析

目的探讨十二指肠镜、腹腔镜序贯性诊治胆石症的价值. 方法回顾性分析2000年1月～2004年12月采用十二指肠镜、腹腔镜序贯性诊治方案治疗胆石症2 248例的临床资料. 结果确诊胆囊结石1 817例,胆囊结石合并胆总管结石431例.B超诊断为胆囊结石2 021例中,行术前ERCP 690例,发现胆总管结石213例;术中胆道造影(IOC)85例,发现胆总管结石10例;腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术后胆总管残余结石6例,并经EST治愈.B超诊断胆囊结石合并胆总管结石227例中,ERCP证实胆总管结石202例.行LC 1 817例,EST LC 395例,LBDE 36例(其中胆管一期缝合26例,T管引流10例).全组中转开腹28例(1.2%),并发症52例(2.3%). 结论十二指肠镜、腹腔镜序贯性诊治方案治疗胆石症,体现了内镜、腔镜联合应用的优势,术后残余结石率低,微创治疗成功率高.     

Retained gallbladder remnant after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Upper abdominal pain and other symptoms may recur after cholecystectomy, often presenting a diagnostic challenge. We will analyze 3 cases of gallbladder remnants, containing stones that presented with recurrent biliary symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three patients have presented to our clinic with recurrent biliary symptoms, after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, over the last 5 years. All 3 had biliary pain similar to the symptoms that precede cholecystectomy; 1 of them also had associated mild jaundice. RESULTS: A cystic lesion containing stones was identified on transabdominal ultrasound in all 3 patients, suggesting the possibility of a gallbladder remnant. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography confirmed the diagnosis of a gallbladder remnant in 2 of them. The 3 patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) owing to jaundice. This revealed a dilated gallbladder remnant and sludge into the bile duct and was treated by sphincterotomy and cleansing of the duct. All 3 patients were treated successfully via laparoscopic "recholecystectomy." CONCLUSION: Gallbladder remnant, containing stones, can be the cause of otherwise unexplained postcholecystectomy pain. "Recholecystectomy" constitutes the definite treatment for any residual gallbladder remnant and can be performed laparoscopically.     

Chemical composition of common bile duct stones

The common bile duct stones obtained from 148 patients were analysed chemically for cholesterol, calcium and bilirubin. When stones were present in both the common bile duct and gallbladder at the time of surgery, the common duct stones were similar in chemical composition to gallbladder stones in the majority of cases and were predominantly cholesterol-type stones. However, common bile duct stones from patients whose gallbladders had been removed at least one year before the detection of common duct stones contained less cholesterol and more bilirubin than common bile duct stones which were associated with gallbladder stones. Thirty per cent of these stones contained suture material in the centre of the stone. Overall, the results indicate that common bile duct stones are more likely to be pigment type than gallbladder stones, especially if the common duct stones are large, have formed in the duct and become symptomatic less than 12 years after cholecystectomy. Non-absorbable suture material should be avoided in surgery involving the common bile duct.     

胆囊结石合并胆总管结石术后复发的危险因素分析

目的：探讨内镜手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者复发的相关影响因素。 方法：回顾性分析2010年1月—2012年12月应用内镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石99例患者（51例行腹腔镜下胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石术,48例行腹腔镜下胆囊切除+十二指肠镜乳头切开取石术）的临床与随访资料,对影响结石复发的相关因素行单因素与多因素分析。 结果：术后共19例患者复发,复发率为19.19%。单因素分析显示,术后结石复发与年龄、黄疸、胆管扩张、胆总管直径、结石最大直径、结石数目、胆管、胰腺炎症以及手术类型等因素有关（均P<0.05）,Logistic多因素回归分析发现,年龄（OR=2.692,P=0.011）、胆总管直径（OR=2.249,P=0.022）、结石数量（OR=2.647,P=0.017）、结石最大直径（OR=2.348,P=0.009）、合并炎症（OR=2.801,P=0.013）、手术类型（OR=2.421,P=0.018）是结石复发的独立危险因素。 结论：内镜手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石术后结石复发受多种因素影响,应当根据具体情况采用有针对性措施降低复发率。     

内镜下乳头气囊扩张术治疗胆囊切除术后胆总管结石

目的 探讨经内镜乳头气囊扩张术(EPBD)治疗胆囊切除术后胆总管结石的安全性和疗效。方法 对胆囊切除术后出现黄疸或胆管炎的31例病人，利用EPBD结合取石篮、取石球囊或总攻方法，使梗阻于胆总管下段的结石排人肠道。结果 31例病人全部顺利实施EPBD，共排除结石37颗，4例行2次扩张术，术后病人均痊愈出院，复查B超无结石残存或胆管扩张。结论 经内镜治疗胆囊切除术后胆总管结石，安全、无创、有效，有望成为治疗LC术后胆总管结石的首选方法。     

腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石效果分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)联合内镜Oddi括约肌切开取石术(EST)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2003年5月-2009年6月,LC与EST联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石78例临床资料.首先经EST取出胆管结石,5 d内行LC.结果 EST成功76例(97%),失效2例,1例因胆管末端狭窄,开腹行胆肠吻合术治愈;1例胆总管结石直径1.6 cm,质硬,机械性碎石失败,开腹行胆总管切开取石T管引流术.76例腹腔镜手术成功,无明显出血、胆漏等严重并发症.结论 EST+LC联合治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少及无需T管引流等优点,是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

腹腔镜下经胆囊管造影网篮胆总管结石取出术

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除时经胆囊管取出胆总管结石的可行性. 方法回顾性分析2003年1月～2004年7月经胆囊管胆道造影18例的临床资料.腹腔镜下切除胆囊之前切开胆囊管,插入造影管行胆道造影,发现胆总管结石后,经胆囊管插入金属网篮,取出胆总管结石. 结果经胆囊管行胆总管造影18例,发现胆总管结石11例,其中2例因结石明显大于胆囊管直径,2例因导管无法经胆囊管进入胆总管,1例因结石嵌顿于壶腹部套篮无法套取结石而放弃腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管结石取出,余6例成功完成腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管结石取出术.6例随访6～18个月,B超检查未发现胆总管结石残留,无胆总管狭窄或扩张. 结论腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管结石取出术可作为部分继发性胆总管结石的术中诊断和治疗手段.     

腹腔镜胆总管探查治疗胆囊切除术后复发或残留胆总管结石的临床疗效

目的:探讨腹腔镜下胆总管探查(LCBDE)治疗胆囊切除术后复发或残留胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年4月—2015年6月52例行LCBDE治疗的胆囊切除术后复发或残留胆总管结石患者临床资料。结果:52例患者中成功完成LCBDE 48例(92.3%),其余4例均因腹腔粘连致密而中转开腹手术。48例患者术中放置T管15例,行胆总管一期缝合33例;手术时间(102.6±19.5)min,术中出血量(38.6±12.7)m L,术后住院时间(4.2±2.5)d;术后发生轻微胆汁漏2例,拔T管后胆汁性腹膜炎1例,均经保守治疗痊愈;术后胆总管残留结石1例,于术后6周经T管窦道胆道镜下网篮取石治愈。结论:LCBDE治疗胆囊切除术后复发或残留胆总管结石成功率高,且微创、恢复快,推荐临床应用。     

Laparoscopic reintervention for residual gallstone disease

Laparoscopic reintervention is being increasingly performed in patients who have previously undergone surgery for gallstone disease. A few patients with gallbladder remnants or a cystic duct stump with residual stones have recurrent symptoms of biliary disease. Patients with bile duct injuries were excluded from the study. We reviewed our experience in treating such patients over a 4-year period, January 1998 through December 2001. Five patients underwent laparoscopic reintervention after previous surgery for gallstone disease performed elsewhere during the period mentioned above. Of these 5 patients, 3 had impacted stones in gallbladder remnants (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 2; open cholecystectomy, 1) and 2 had recurrent symptoms after cholecystolithotomy and tube cholecystostomy (conventional surgery) performed elsewhere. Laparoscopic excision of the gall bladder remnants was done in 3 patients and a formal laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done in 2 patients who had previously undergone cholecystolithotomy and tube cholecystostomy. The mean operating time was 42 minutes. No drainage was required postoperatively. All patients were symptom-free during a mean follow-up of 2.3 years (range, 7 months to 4 years). Reintervention may be required for patients with residual gallstones whose symptoms recur after gallbladder surgery such as cholecystectomy, subtotal cholecystectomy, and tube cholecystostomy. It is safe and feasible to remove the gallbladder or gallbladder remnants in such patients laparoscopically.