螺旋CT薄层扫描并MPVR重建对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT肺薄层扫描并多层面重建对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值。方法:对86例SPN患者进行螺旋CT规范化检查,并使用多层面重建(MPVR)技术重建观察。病灶结节直径选在0.8~3.0cm,病历均经临床手术或肺穿刺活检病理证实。其中恶性59例,均为原发性肺癌,包括腺癌25例、鳞癌17例、细支气管肺泡癌10例、小细胞未分化癌7例;良性病变27例,包括结核灶13例、炎性假瘤9例、错构瘤5例。结果:86例SPN的CT征象中,分叶征和棘突或毛刺征多出现于恶性结节,与病理和随访结果对比,螺旋CT薄层扫描并MPVR重建判断肺小结节良恶性的准确率、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为75.6%、76.3%、74.1%、86.5%、58.8%。结论:SCT肺薄层扫描并MPVR重建能显示更多的SPNCT征象,对SPN的良恶性诊断有较高的诊断价值。     

螺旋CT增强扫描孤立性肺结节与AO CT增强比值诊断孤立性肺结节的价值

目的　评价SPN与AO CT增强比值在螺旋CT动态增强薄层扫描对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值。　方法　对经手术病理及临床观察证实79例成年患者肺部孤立结节(直径≤3 0 cm)进行研究,其中周围型肺癌 47 例,结核瘤 23 例,炎症结节7例,错构瘤2例。在静脉注射碘对比剂100 ml(3 5 ml/s)前后,对病灶进行一系列薄层扫描,测量增强前后各扫描层面的CT值,计算结节的最大增强 CT值和 SPN/AO值,分析结节的增强类型。　结果　肺癌和炎症结节的最大增强值(47±15 Hu和45±19 Hu)大于结核瘤的最大增强值(18±9 Hu)(P<0 01),肺癌和炎症结节 SPN/AO值(40±20%和 45±29%)大于结核瘤的SPN/AO值(12±12%) (P< 0 01),肺癌和炎症结节的最大增强 CT 值和 SPN/AO 值无显著性差异(P>0 05)。　结论　SPN与AO CT增强比值在螺旋CT动态增强薄层扫描中能准确判断SPN的增强程度,可提高SPN的诊断准确率。     

肺孤立性结节薄层动态螺旋CT扫描与病理研究

目的　探讨薄层动态螺旋CT扫描对孤立性肺结节 (SPN)的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法　对 3 8例SPN先行薄层平扫 ,再注入优维显 10 0ml ,延迟 3 0s、1min、2min、5min、10min及 15min薄层动态扫描。结果　肺癌、炎性假瘤强化程度明显高于结核与错构瘤 ,以 2 0HU为CT差阈值 ,敏感性为 10 0 % ,特异性为 96% ;肺癌强化峰值约为 2min ,炎性假瘤约为 5min ;炎性假瘤强化持续时间较肺癌长 ;结核与错构瘤均无明显强化 ,但部分结核有典型环形强化。薄层扫描能更多地发现有鉴别诊断意义的征象 ,对CT值的测量更准确。结论　薄层动态螺旋CT扫描对SPN有重要诊断与鉴别诊断价值     

肺内孤立性结节性病变的CT鉴别诊断（附3O例分析）

目的：探讨肺内孤立性结节（SPN）的CT表现，以提高CT扫描对肺内孤立性结节的鉴别诊断。方法：分析CT诊断经临床及手术病理证实的SPN 30例。结果：周围型肺癌14例，结核球7例，球形肺炎3例，错构瘤3例，单发转移瘤2例。纤维瘤1例。结论：CT薄层及高分辨扫描SPN的表现特征对结节的鉴别诊断是一项理想的检查方法，对肺内多数结节可以做出正确诊断。     

肺孤立结节的CT分析

肺孤立性结节(SPN)是指肺内直径≤3cm的单发结节病灶,其定性诊断一直是临床影像学的难题之一。搜集67例经病理证实的SPN,回顾分析其CT影像表现,旨在提高对肺内孤立结节的定性诊断水平。1资料与方法67例SPN(直径≤3cm)均经手术和穿刺活检等病理证实,CT影像为实性型表现,即肺窗与纵隔窗图像变换时病变面积变化不到一半者。男37例,女30例;年龄31～71岁,平均49.6岁。周围型肺癌51例(称肺癌组),其中鳞癌12例,腺癌26例,未分化癌6例,肺泡细胞癌7例;良性SPN(称良性SPN组)16例,其中结核球8例,炎性假瘤6例,错构瘤及肺囊肿各1例。主要症状:咳嗽…     

螺旋CT增强扫描在孤立性肺结节诊断中的价值

目的 评价螺旋CT动态增强薄层扫描对孤立性肺结节（SPN）的诊断价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析79例经手术病理和临床观察证实的SPN患者的CT资料。其中周围型肺癌47例，结核瘤23例。炎性结节7例，错构瘤2例。在静脉注射碘对比剂100ml(3.5ml/s)前后，对病灶进行一系列薄层扫描，测量增强前后各扫描层面的CT值，计算结节的最大强化CT值和SPN/A0值。描绘结节的时间-密度曲线，分析结节的强化类型。结果 肺癌和炎性结节的最大强化值与结核瘤有非常显著性差异；肺癌和炎性结节的SPN/Ao值与结核瘤有非常显著性差异；肺癌和炎性结节的最大强化CT值和SPN/Ao值无显著性差异。肺癌和炎性结节的各时相强化值在注射碘对比剂40s,2min无显著性差异。在5min,8min有显著性差异。平扫3组间CT值无显著性差异。32例肺癌，5例结核瘤，2例炎性结节呈不均匀强化；12例肺癌，2例炎性结节呈均匀强化；3例肺癌，6例结核瘤和2例炎性结节呈周围型强化；9例结核瘤和1例错构瘤呈包膜样强化；1例炎性结节，3例结核瘤和1例错构瘤无强化，结论 螺旋CT增强薄层扫描能准确判断SPN的强化程度及类型。可提高SPN的诊断准确率。     

CT棘突征对周围型肺癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨肺内孤立结节球形状棘突CT征对周围型肺癌的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法：47例经临床手术病理和抗炎治疗后证实的孤立型肺结节中，周围型肺癌32例，肺良性病变15例。所有病例从肺尖至肺底扫描，层厚8mm，依病灶大小，加扫薄层4mm，部分病例（35例）经肘静脉注射对比剂对病灶行增强薄层扫描。对棘突CT征与周围肺癌CT表现的病理基础及鉴别诊断进行了讨论。结果：周围型肺癌的棘突CT征发生率为66%(21/32),比其它肺良性病变20%(3/15)高。结论：肺内孤立结节灶棘突CT征对周围型肺癌的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要价值，是诊断肺癌的一个指征。     

孤立性肺结节的CT诊断

目的分析孤立性肺结节(SPN)的CT征象,并提高诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经临床和病理证实的40例SPN的CT表现,其中周围型肺癌20例,结核球8例,炎性假瘤8例,错构瘤2例,肺AVM和支气管囊肿各1例,均经胸部CT平扫。30例同时行CT增强,包括周围型肺癌15例,结核球6例,炎性假瘤6例,错构瘤、支气管囊肿及肺AVM各1例。结果长、短毛刺、深分叶及卫星病灶在良、恶性结节组间有显著差异(P<0.05);恶性SPN强化值大于等于30 HU,良性SPN强化值小于30 HU,二者间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 SPN的CT表现多种多样,良恶性结节之间的表现存在许多重叠,特征性的表现很少,需要综合分析这些征象的形态学及强化表现,并密切结合临床及相关实验室检查,才能尽早做出准确诊断。     

周围型肺癌与支气管关系的HRCT研究

目的：探讨支气管薄层高分辨率CT(HRCT)扫描的表现对周围型肺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾性分了经临床手术病理证实的37例周围型肺癌与23例其它孤立性良性病变的支气管HRCT表现及其相关因素。结果：周围型肺癌的支气管HRCT表现有一定特征性，与病灶的良恶性程度及病灶大小有关，而与病灶部位无关。结论：孤立性病灶周围支气管HRCT表现，对周围型肺癌的诊断与鉴别诊断有一定帮助。     

孤立性肺结节高分辨率CT诊断及病理对照

 目的研究孤立性肺结节(SPN)界面影像分布特征、病理基础,探讨其定性诊断价值.方法分析病理证实的37例周围型肺癌的瘤周高分辨率CT(HRCT)影像分布特征,并随机选择23例肺良性结节作对照,双盲法观察SPN瘤-肺交界区近端和远端HRCT的影像改变.其中25例周围型肺癌及16例肺良性结节的病灶肺叶术后标本行Heitsman法固定48～72h后HRCT扫描,再将标本制成病灶肺全叶切片及病灶组织切片,观察结节-肺界面HRCT表现的病理基础.结果瘤-肺交界区HRCT表现为远端模糊和(或)毛糙、毛刺影,周围型肺癌79%,肺良性结节22%(P＜0.05);光整,周围型肺癌14%,良性结节74%(P＜0.05).术后标本HRCT、大体病理切片的变化完全吻合.结论瘤-肺交界区HRCT的模糊和(或)毛糙、毛刺影等影像改变的不对称性远端优势分布,对小于3.5 cm的周围型肺癌的定性诊断有重要价值.病理基础是癌灶所致的支气管阻塞及癌结节远端淋巴管回流障碍、肺间质内纤维组织增生及癌细胞浸润.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）