首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
薛龙  童利伟 《职业与健康》2013,(21):2880-2881
目的了解维持性血液透析患者发生心力衰竭的危险因素,为预防和治疗心力衰竭提供依据。方法采用回顾性病例对照研究方法,收集病例组和对照组的可能影响因素,利用logistic回归分析方法筛选发生心力衰竭的危险因素。结果维持性血液透析患者的心力衰竭发生率为34.4%。多因素logistic回归结果显示,年龄(OR=1.184)、透析时间(OR=1.536)、高血压(OR:2.940)、心脏病(OR=6.030)为危险因素,而血红蛋白(OR=0.752)、血清白蛋白(OR=0.708)、血钙(OR=0.004)则为保护因素。结论影响血液透析患者发生心力衰竭的危险因素包括年龄越大、透析时间越长、高血压、心脏病、低血红蛋白、低血清白蛋白、血钙浓度低等。  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨金山区托幼机构手足口病流行的危险因素,为重点人群和重点场所防控提供参考依据。方法选取2012年金山区幼托机构聚集性手足口病疫情中所有病例作为病例组,选择同期该年龄段病例就读幼托机构所在区域内其他没有发生手足口病病例的幼托儿童作为对照组进行病例对照研究。采用单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析探讨其危险因素。结果近一周内手足口病病例接触史(OR=25.589,95%CI:10.905—60.049)、近~周是否去过密接人群场所(OR=3.009,95%凹:1.657—5.464)为发病的危险因素,变量本地户籍(OR=0.504,95%口:0.261~0.974)、饭前便后洗手习惯(OR=0.676,95%CI:0.372~0.989)及看护人防治知识落实意识(OR=0.552,95%口:0.306~0.998)为保护因素。结论病例接触史为其发病主要危险因素,良好卫生习惯及看护人手足口病防治知识落实对于幼托机构手足口病防治意义重大。  相似文献   

3.
某区学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖患病情况调查   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
蒋汝刚 《现代预防医学》2005,32(9):1147-1148
目的:了解咸宁市咸安区学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖症的患病率及主要影响因素,为预防儿童肥胖提供依据。方法:采用随机整群抽样法,随机抽取咸安区城区6所幼儿园2~6岁儿童2375名进行肥胖患病情况调查,并对肥胖危险因素进行了分析。结果:该区学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖症患病率为3.58%,其中男童患病率为4.58%,女童患病率为2.56%。男女患病率间差异有统计学意义(x^2=7.01,P〈0.01)。不同年龄组儿童肥胖检出率差异有统计学意义(x^2=14.99,P〈0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示每天看电视时间长(OR=3.5449)、不喜欢体育活动(OR=3.8598)、喜欢吃油腻食物(OR=4.4961)、进食速度快(OR=4.3279)、早餐不正常(OR=1.8815)及父母至少一方肥胖(OR=3.5438)为儿童肥胖的主要危险因素,而父母大专以上文化程度(OR=0.5836)是儿童肥胖的保护因素。结论:学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖患病率较高;儿童肥胖的发生是多因素共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

4.
目的了解宁波市城区儿童非致死性溺水发生现状和危险因素。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取城区16所学校1~9年级学生共13882人进行问卷调查。结果宁波市城区儿童非致死性溺水发生率为9.2%。多水平logistic回归分析结果显示:男性(OR=1.290)、小学低年级(OR=1.476)、有溺水高危行为(OR=2.173)是儿童溺水的危险因素,而独生子女(OR=0.791)、上下学成人陪同(OR=0.718)、高知识知晓率(OR=0.995)和高信念持有率(OR=0.991)则是儿童溺水的保护因素。结论流动儿童是溺水的高危人群,需要开展包括儿童的社会大众溺水相关的健康教育和干预。  相似文献   

5.
目的了解广东省清远市农村留守儿童非致死性溺水伤害流行特征及危险因素,为防溺水提供理论依据。方法在清远市清新区采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,共抽取3~8年级学生6095名,其中农村留守儿童3041名(49.89%)。采用问卷调查的方法,由学生集体匿名自填。结果近1年中,农村留守儿童发生非致死性溺水率是11.48%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,跟家长相处好/一般(OR=0.51/0. 67)、儿童溺水相关知识知晓程度高/中(OR=0.52/0.66)可以降低非致死性溺水的发生率;8~10岁(OR=2.44)、11~13岁(OR=1.68)、在无成人陪伴下到开放水域游泳(OR=1.49)、捕鱼(OR=1.42)、打闹(OR=2.55)、跳水或潜水(OR=2.60)为危险因素,会增加非致死性溺水的发生率。CHAID决策树分析显示,在近1年内没有跳/潜水但在池塘周围跟同学打闹、平时跟同学相处较差的学生,溺水发生率最高(50.00%)。结论农村留守儿童作为弱势群体,容易发生溺水伤害,需要开展安全健康教育,同时注重培养农村留守儿童建立良好的亲子关系与人际社交关系。  相似文献   

6.
目的:探讨各种危险因素与良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系。方法:采用以人群为基础的病例对照研究,病例组为沈阳市某郊区农村60周岁以上BPH患者,对照组为无前列腺增生(排除前列腺癌、前我腺炎等疾病)的老年男性,病例与对照各100例,单因素分析采用χ^2检验,多因素分析利用非条件logistic回归分析。结果:多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示BPH发病与下列5种因素有关:患前列腺炎(OR=5.577,95%CI:2.147-14.482);20世纪80年代初每月肉类摄入量(OR=4.930,95%CI:2.404-10.111);舒张压(OR=1.050,95%CI:0.480-0.881)。结论:患前列腺炎、80年代初每月过多摄入肉类、舒张压高可能是BPH的危险因素;吸烟量大、饮酒量大可能是BPH保护因素。  相似文献   

7.
广西城乡居民膳食营养素摄入与代谢综合征的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨广西城乡居民膳食营养素摄入水平与代谢综合征的关系,为有针对性提出膳食营养防治策略提供科学依据。方法按照多阶段随机抽样法.分别抽取广西4个城市和4个农村县共3026名18岁及以上的城乡居民进行调查:采用24h回顾法进行膳食调查;对调查对象进行体检和血糖、血脂检测。结果被调查居民中代谢综合征(MS)患者107人,患病率为3.54%,其中城市居民MS患病率为5.21%,农村为1.90%,差别有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。城市居民MS患者能量、铁营养素摄入与正常人群相比无明显差异.经多因素Logisic回归分析发现,膳食蛋白质(OR=1.256,95%CI:1.042~1.514)、铁(OR=1.432,95%CI:1.127—1.820)摄入过多是城市居民MS重要的膳食危险因素,而维生素B2是保护因素(OR=0.712.95%CI:0.590~0.860);而农村居民MS患者能量、蛋白质、钠、钾、硒和烟酸、维生素B1、维生素B2摄入量均显著高于正常人群,蛋白质(OR=1.854,95%CI:1.435—2.396)摄入过多是农村居民MS危险因素,而膳食钙(OR=0.612,95%CI:0.398-0.939)是保护因素。结论膳食营养因素与广西城乡居民发生MS关系密切,膳食蛋白质摄入过多是广西城乡居民MS的危险因素,其他膳食营养因素存在城乡差异;对城乡居民采取针对性膳食营养干预措施将取得更好的防治效果。  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨饮食及其他生活习惯与上消化道癌发生的关系。方法:采用1:1配对病例对照研究,对1248对病例及对照进行饮食、生活行为等问卷调查。资料处理采用条件Logistic回归进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:影响上消化道癌发生有关的危险因素有饮白酒量(OR=1.393 P=0.0020)、食辛辣食物(OR=1.141 P=0.0020)、食小米、薯类(OR=1.180 P=0.0080,OR=1.256 P≤0.001)为危险因素;而食奶类(OR=0.755 P=0.0329)、蒜苔(OR=0.419 P≤0.001)、香蕉(OR=0.525 P=0.0303)、多食肉类、夏天灶火移出室外(OR=0.478 P=0.0670)、已婚(OR=0.392 P=0.0192)为保护性因素。结论:上消化道癌与饮食因素有关,营养素的缺乏是该病的主要危险因素。  相似文献   

9.
目的 了解安徽省农村地区4~5岁儿童两周患病状况及其相关因素。方法 根据安徽省地理位置东西南北中抽取5个县,然后在每个县根据活产数抽取2~3个乡镇,对抽样乡镇所有4~5岁儿童进行调查。采用χ2检验和非条件logistic回归分析两周患病的影响因素。结果 共纳入4~5岁儿童4 457名,其中男童2 506人(56.2%),女童1 951人(43.8%)。两周患病1 042人,两周患病率为23.4%。多因素logistic回归分析发现:儿童年龄较小(OR = 1.299, 95%CI:1.127~1.497)、家庭居住人数较多(OR = 1.239, 95%CI:1.075~1.429)、看护人类别为母亲(父亲,OR = 0.704, 95%CI:0.572~0.866;祖父母等(OR = 0.668, 95%CI:0.566~0.789)与农村地区4~5岁儿童两周患病呈正性相关。母亲年收入为1~2万(低于1万,OR = 1.236, 95%CI:1.033~1.479;高于2万,OR = 1.226, 95%CI:1.024~1.468)与农村地区4~5岁儿童两周患病呈负性相关。结论 安徽省农村地区4~5岁儿童的两周患病率较高,儿童年龄、家庭居住人数、看护人类别、母亲年收入是影响儿童两周患病的相关因素。  相似文献   

10.
目的了解广东省经济欠发达地区农村中小学生营养状况及影响因素,为制定营养健康教育干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法从韶关南雄市、茂名化州市和肇庆怀集县农村分别抽取中小学校各2所,共调查6所中学和6所小学。通过体检测量身高、体重和腰围,计算身体质量指数(BMI),根据BMI判断中小学生的营养状况。通过问卷调查获取中小学生营养知识和饮食行为习惯情况。采用单因素logistic回归和多因素logistic回归方法分析中小学生营养不良的影响因素。结果本次共调查中小学生1853人,男生941人,女生912人。初中生932人,小学生921人。中小学生营养不良、超重和肥胖发生率分别为26.3%(487/1853)、3.2%(59/1853)和0.9%(17/1853)。女生营养不良比例(28.1%)高于男生(24.5%),差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,营养知识知晓率〉160%(OR=0.950)为中小学生营养不良发生的保护性因素,小学生(OR=1.451)、家庭小孩数量3个及以上(OR=1.326)、留守儿童(OR=1.321)、经常不吃早餐(OR=1.405)为中小学生营养不良发生的危险因素。结论广东省经济欠发达地区农村中小学生营养不良率高,营养不良与家庭环境、营养认知和饮食习惯相关,应开展针对性的健康教育和行为干预,以改善中小学生营养状况。  相似文献   

11.
目的 分析中国1~14岁儿童伤害主要死因及死亡率变化趋势,为制定更有针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。方法 利用公开发表的2003-2012年中国卫生统计年鉴居民病伤死亡原因报表资料进行分析。结果 2002-2011年全国1~14岁儿童总标化伤害死亡率在13.97/105~23.24/105之间,呈逐年下降趋势;溺水身亡和车祸是儿童主要伤害死亡原因,占儿童历年伤害死亡的70%以上;农村儿童总伤害死亡率约为城市儿童的1.7倍,并且车祸死亡率在农村呈上升趋势;1~4岁儿童总伤害标化死亡率和溺水身亡率明显高于5~9岁以及10~14岁儿童;男性儿童总伤害标化死亡率是女性儿童的1.8倍,溺水身亡率是女性儿童的2.0倍。结论 中国1~14岁儿童伤害死亡率逐年下降,溺水身亡和车祸是主要死亡原因,农村儿童车祸死亡率有上升趋势;农村儿童伤害死亡率高于城市,男性儿童高于女性儿童,1~4岁儿童高于5~9岁和10~14岁。  相似文献   

12.
目的 评价健康教育对农村中小学生溺水的干预效果.方法 选取广东省连平县元善镇所有中小学校作为干预研究现场,以小学三至五年级、初中一、二年级和高中一、二年级所有在校学生为研究对象.干预过程采用12种健康教育方式,以水域安全和溺水预防知识为主要内容,为期1年.干预前后采用问卷调查收集信息.结果通过1年的强化健康教育,学生溺水知识得分增加了13.21分(95%CI:12.51~13.90);男、女生分别增加了12.77分(95%CI:11.77~13.77)和13.80分(95%CI:12.82~14.78);小学生、初中生、高中生分别增加了15.51分(95%CI:14.30~16.72)、10.78分(95%CI:9.50~12.05)和12.77分(95%CI:11.84~13.71).溺水危险行为发生率从干预前的41.4%降至干预后的32.2%,下降幅度为22.2%;男、女生分别下降了15.6%和35.2%;小学生、初中生、高中生分别下降了13.8%、29.3%、26.3%.非致死性溺水发生率由干预前的5.6%降至2.3%,降幅为58.9%.因溺水需现场救治、门诊/急诊治疗、住院治疗的人次数分别从干预前的399人次、78人次、36人次,降至干预后的175人次、32人次、14人次.结论 健康教育能有效地提高农村地区学生溺水相关的安全知识,降低溺水相关的危险行为,减少溺水的发生.  相似文献   

13.
  目的  了解中国1990—2019年0~14岁儿童溺水死亡情况, 并探讨其发展变化趋势, 为中国儿童溺水干预措施提供参考依据。  方法  利用2019年全球疾病负担数据库中1990—2019年中国0~14岁儿童溺水死亡数据, 以世界标准人口计算其标准化率, 并利用Joinpoint回归模型分别拟合发生率、死亡率的变化趋势。  结果  中国1990—2019年0~14岁儿童溺水总体发生率从37.17/10万减少到12.54/10万, 相对下降了66.26%;标化发生率从21.78/10万减少到14.98/10万, 相对下降了31.22%。儿童溺水发生率、标化发生率呈先下降后增长的趋势, 死亡率、标化死亡率呈下降趋势。Joinpoint回归显示, 儿童溺水标化发生率年平均变化百分率总体为-1.3, 男童为-2.5, 女童为0;儿童溺水标化死亡率年平均变化百分率总体为-3.9, 男童为-3.6, 女童为-4.5;趋势变化均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。男童发生率、死亡率均高于女童, 男童与女童组间变化趋势差异有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  中国儿童溺水发生率和死亡率大幅下降, 但是近年来发生率有所回升。儿童溺水危险因素有待进一步加强干预, 同时在儿童溺水重点人群上采取有效措施, 控制发生率与死亡率的进展。  相似文献   

14.
王琳  崔民彦 《中国健康教育》2012,(4):289-290,300
目的分析我国3~6岁儿童主要意外伤害原因及其危险因素,总结安全检查原则以开展危险因素排查的健康教育行为干预。方法采用照片故事分享进行伤害回顾性调查方式,对伤害事件进行分类,并从图文表述中梳理出该伤害事件中的危险因素。结果 3~6岁儿童意外伤害的前5位原因为跌倒/坠落(25.0%)、烧伤/电伤(16.7%)、锐器伤(9.1%)、溺水(5.0%)、中毒(2.6%)。窗台无护栏、浴缸水不及时排空、桌角或家具棱角尖锐等为伤害的主要危险因素。结论以危险因素为前提确定简单易行的安全检查原则,以排除危险因素为目标,以行为改变为重点,从而达到预防儿童伤害发生的目的。  相似文献   

15.
The authors obtained data from 700 households in Hillsborough County, FL, in a telephone random survey to determine risk factors for incidents of drowning and near-drowning among children in the county. The survey was conducted from August through December 1991. A combination of forced-choice and open-ended questions was used to assess adults'' drowning-related knowledge, attitudes, and prevention behaviors, as well as the incidence of and the circumstances surrounding drowning and near-drowning among children who lived in those households. The results showed that although most respondents had some knowledge of the epidemiology of drowning and near-drowning among children, deficits were noted in their knowledge of the importance of adult supervision and the recommended age at which to begin children''s swimming instruction. Results showed a need for isolation fencing, that which separates a swimming pool from a house and yard. Most respondents reported that they did not know how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on an infant or child. More than 40 percent reported not knowing how to perform CPR on an adult. Respondents reported no drowning or near-drowning incidents among children of their household within the last 3 years. However, the respondents did describe water-related immersions that involved children who experienced difficulty in the water, but recovered by themselves or with the aid of a nearby person. In some instances the child''s breathing pattern was altered. There were three episodes during which difficulty in breathing occurred. The respondents reported a total of nine childhood water-immersion episodes within their families, none of which had been reported to treatment facilities. Recommendations are provided for programs for prevention of childhood drowning.  相似文献   

16.
Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional injury death worldwide, and the highest rates are among children. Overall, drowning death rates in the United States have declined in the last decade; however, drowning is the leading cause of injury death among children aged 1-4 years. In 2001, approximately 3,300 persons died from unintentional drowning in recreational water settings, and an estimated 5,600 were treated in emergency departments (EDs). To update information on the incidence and characteristics of fatal and nonfatal unintentional drowning in the United States, CDC analyzed death certificate data from the National Vital Statistics System and injury data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System--All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) for 2005-2009. The results indicated that each year an average of 3,880 persons were victims of fatal drowning and an estimated 5,789 persons were treated in U.S. hospital EDs for nonfatal drowning. Death rates and nonfatal injury rates were highest among children aged ≤4 years; these children most commonly drowned in swimming pools. The drowning death rate among males (2.07 per 100,000 population) was approximately four times that for females (0.54). To prevent drowning, all parents and children should learn survival swimming skills. In addition, 1) environmental protections (e.g., isolation pool fences and lifeguards) should be in place; 2) alcohol use should be avoided while swimming, boating, water skiing, or supervising children; 3) lifejackets should be used by all boaters and weaker swimmers; and 4) all caregivers and supervisors should have training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.  相似文献   

17.
BACKGROUND: Although the recent decline in child mortality in Bangladesh is remarkable, death from causes other than infectious diseases and malnutrition remains an important component of child mortality. Death from drowning of children can be expected to be a problem in Bangladesh given the geographical features of the country. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study are to determine the trend, pattern, and correlates of drowning deaths. METHODS: Data are presented on deaths of children (1-4 years) due to drowning derived from a longitudinal, population-based surveillance system in operation in a rural area of Bangladesh in 1983-1995. Moreover, a case-control study was carried out to identify the risk factors associated with drowning. RESULTS: Deaths due to drowning ranged from about 10% to 25% of child deaths during 1983-1995. The absolute risk of dying from drowning remained almost the same over the study period but the proportion of drownings to all causes of death has increased. Drowning is especially prevalent in the second year of life. Age of the mother and parity have a significant impact on drowning. The risk of dying from drowning increases with the age of mother and much more sharply with the number of living children in the family. Two socioeconomic variables did not have an influence on the risk of drowning. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of child deaths could be averted if parents and other close relatives paid more attention to the safety of children. The Child Health Programme of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh should develop health education programmes for villagers alerting them to the dangers of drowning and measures to prevent it.  相似文献   

18.
目的 了解2012—2021年重庆市儿童青少年溺水死亡率及趋势变化,为开展溺水干预提供建议。方法 2012—2021年重庆市儿童青少年溺水死亡(ICD-10:W65.0~W74.9)个案信息来自于重庆市死因监测系统,对不同性别、地区死亡率比较采用χ2检验,死亡率的趋势分析采用年度变化百分比(annual percent of change,APC)表示。结果 重庆市儿童青少年溺水死亡率与标化死亡率由2012年的9.57/10万、9.42/10万下降到2021年的2.80/10万、2.83/10万,APC分别为-13.15%,13.06%(t值分别为10.93,10.52,P值均<0.01)。2012—2021年男生溺水死亡率高于女生,农村地区溺水死亡率高于城市(P值均<0.05)。0~4、5~9、10~14岁年龄组溺水死亡率分别以年均15.30%,17.80%与11.40%下降,变化趋势差异有统计学意义(APC分别为-15.30%,-17.80%,-11.40%,t值分别为11.11,9.22,5.62,P值均<0.05)。自然水域是发生溺水死亡...  相似文献   

19.
Objectives: To gain an in-depth understanding of people's perception of causes and their concepts of prevention of childhood drowning in rural Bangladesh. Design: A qualitative study and focus group discussion (FGD) was adopted. Setting: A rural community in Bangladesh. Participants: FGDs were conducted with mothers of children aged under 5 years, adolescent male and female students, fathers and local leaders. One FGD was conducted for each group. Out of 53 participants 25 were women. Results: The respondents considered that children of 5–10 years are at risk of drowning. Ponds, ditches and canals were frequently mentioned locations of drowning. Most of the drownings were reported to occur around noon. For prevention of childhood drowning the participants suggested that the children should be constantly supervised, unwanted ditches should be filled in, ponds should be fenced and drowning prevention awareness in the community be increased by community leaders. They suggested that government should organise campaigns for preventing childhood drowning, promoting swimming instruction activities for children and motivating communities to fence ponds. Conclusions: People interviewed in general know the causes of childhood drowning and its preventive measures, but they do not put their knowledge into preventative actions as they fail to recognise this as a major child survival issue and they are never reached with definite actions points to change the behaviours.  相似文献   

20.
目的 了解农村学龄儿童预防性侵犯知识状况,为开展农村学龄儿童预防性侵犯教育提供科学依据。方法 随机整群抽取湖北省某农村地区1所小学的六年级、2所乡镇初中学校的初一和初二年级、1所城镇高中的高一和高二年级,共1 252名学生进行问卷调查,收集学龄儿童对性侵犯知识的了解,并对资料进行非条件Logistic回归分析。结果 学龄儿童性侵犯有关认知正确率后三位是被性侵的儿童在事件中没错(54.6%)、同性会对儿童性侵犯(54.2%)、女性会对儿童进行性侵犯(51.3%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示性别男、非独生、非住校、看护人文化程度为初中及以下、家庭适应性得分低、10~12岁年龄段和13~16岁年龄段为危险因素(均有P<0.05)。结论 农村学龄儿童缺少预防性侵犯知识。应重视学龄儿童性侵犯教育,尤其关注农村留守儿童。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号