微量元素与血脂和血糖的相关性

目的研究上海地区成年人全血微量元素与血脂和血糖的关系。方法选择上海地区2个社区18岁以上成年调查对象245名,测定其体内铁（Fe）、锌（zn）、铜（Cu）、镁（Mg）、铅（Pb）、锰（Mn）、镉（cd）等各种元素含量及体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）和血压水平,分析上述指标与血脂和血糖之间的关系。结果与正常对照组相比,高脂血症组全血Fe、Mn水平显著降低,Zn、Zn／cu水平显著升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;高血糖组全血Zn、Zn／Cu和Mn水平显著降低,cu和Pb水平显著升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;在高脂血症和高血糖组均存在低Mg高Cd趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论高脂血症和高血糖患者体内大多数微量元素都存在代谢异常,及时纠正微量元素代谢紊乱对高脂血症和高血糖的防治和转归可能具有一定价值。     

健康成人血清铜、铁、锌、镉、铅、锰、铬、钙、镁、钾含量的调查研究

应用原子吸收光谱分析法,测定了在南京从事不同作业的360名健康成人血清中Cu、Fe、Zn、Cd、Pb、Mn、Cr、Ca、Mg、K 10种元素的含量,经分组统计处理,探讨了不同工种、性别、年龄及工龄与血清元素水平的关系。结果表明,不同工种间血清Cu、Fe、Zn、Cr、Mn、Pb、Ca、Mg、K含量均有显著性差异;不同年龄段血清Cu、Zn、Cd、Mn、Pb、Mg含量有显著差异;女性血清Cu、Zn、Ca、K含量高于男性,而血清Cd低于男性;不同工龄间血清Cu、Fe、Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Mg含量有显著性差异。     

河南省中牟县学龄前儿童血铅等7种元素的水平及其关系

目的探讨河南省中牟县学龄前儿童血铅（Pb）水平及其与锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、锰（Mn）水平的关系。方法对624名2—5岁学龄前儿童血液中Pb、Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn水平进行测定,采用多元线性回归方法分析血中Pb与血中Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn等水平的相关性。结果以美国国家疾病预防控制中心（CDC）制定的铅中毒标准（血Pb水平≥O．483μmol／L）为界限,学龄前儿童的铅中毒检出率为22．6％,其中男童铅中毒总检出率及其4岁～组铅中毒检出率明显高于女童;男童血中Pb和Cu水平高于女童（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。但是,血Pb水平与6种元素水平之间未见明显相关关系。结论中牟县学龄前儿童血Pb与Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mg、Mn水平之间未见有相关关系。     

膀胱肿瘤患者血清尿液头发中微量元素含量测定

对２０例膀胱肿瘤和２０例健康成人对照分组测定微量元素含量。结果提示：肿瘤组血清中铜和铁含量比对照组高；锰、镁、锌含量比对照组低，在头发中铁、铜、锌、镁比对照组低，而在尿中铁、锰、钙含量低于对照组。上述均有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

Trace element transfer from the mother to the newborn--investigations on triplets of colostrum, maternal and umbilical cord sera.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the trace element transfer from the mother to the newborn. DESIGN: The concentrations of the eight essential elements calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn), and of the non-essential and toxic elements barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), cesium (Cs), lanthanum (La), lithium (Li), lead (Pb), rubidium (Rb), antimony (Sb), strontium (Sr), and thallium (Tl) were determined in umbilical cord (n = 29) and corresponding maternal sera (n = 29) as well as in colostrum (n = 27). RESULTS: Umbilical cord serum concentrations of Ca, Mn, and Zn were 120%, 150%, and 148% of the maternal value, respectively. Maternal sera had twice the Cu concentrations found in healthy adults and five-times higher Cu than umbilical cord sera. Concentration ratios colostrum/maternal serum and colostrum/umbilical cord serum were approximately one for Co, 1.4 for Mg, two for Ca, Mn, and Sn, five for Cu (maternal serum), eight for Mo, and ten for Zn. Concentrations of the toxic elements Cd and Pb decreased in the order colostrum (Pb 2.6 microg/L; Cd 0.6 microg/L), maternal sera (0.8 microg/L; 0.3 microg/L), umbilical cord sera (0.4 microg/L; 0.2 microg/L). Maternal serum Ba and Rb was 182% and 66% of the umbilical cord value. For Sr and Li, an almost perfect correlation between umbilical cord and maternal sera was found. For Ba, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn none, and for Ca, Cs, Mn, Mo, Rb only weak positive correlations between these two compartments could be established. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that an active transport mechanism for the transport of Ca, Mn, Rb, and Zn from the mother to the newborn exists, whereas Cs, Li, and Sr follow concentration gradients. As regards Cu, the placenta showed to have a blocking effect on the transfer from the mother to the baby.     

深圳地区健康婴儿发微量元素含量分析

目的:研究深圳市婴儿微量元素营养状况,给婴儿合理补充微量元素提供依据。方法:采用原子吸收光谱法对486名足月出生42d的体检健康婴儿胎发进行微量元素测定,并对数据进行统计学处理。结果:42d婴儿胎发中铜、铅、锌、铁、锰、钙、镁含量(μg/g)分别为:10.45±3.91、14.40±28.01、155.2±60.1、18.35±6.87、1.356±1.310、715.0±191.4、52.99±20.55,铜/锌比值为0.080±0.053;男婴组与女婴组比较无显著差异(P>0.05);胎发中锰、锌、铜、铁、镁、钙含量偏低的婴儿比例分别是39.5%、31.7%、29.6%、24.9%、3.5%、0.4%;有21.6%的受检婴儿发铅含量高。铅高组婴儿发铜、铁、锰含量高,发锌含量低,与非铅高组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);铅高组婴儿缺乏铜、锌、锰、铁、钙的比例及铜/锌比值升高比例与非铅高组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:深圳地区婴儿钙、镁营养水平较好,发铅含量偏高,而缺乏锰、锌、铜、铁的婴儿比例较高。提示深圳地区孕、产妇应避免生活中的铅暴露,并应加强婴儿铜、锌、铁、锰元素的补充,减低铅对婴儿智力及生长发育的不良影响。     

上海地区7～20岁人群血清微量元素研究

作者检测了上海地区417名7～20岁人群的血清17种微量元素(包括12种必需微量元素)和3种常量元素的含量。其中血清Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Cr、Co、Mo、Si、Sn、Ni、V、Ca、P、Mg、Sr、Cd、Pb、Al、Ti共19种元素采用ICAP-9000型等离子体直读光谱仪测定,血清Se由F-78型脉冲极谱仪分析。结果表明,血清Zn、Cu及常量元素等分布比较集中,Cd、Pb、Co、Sr等变异度较大。多数元素与年龄存在相关关系,其中Zn、Fe、Mn、Sr等与年龄呈正相关,Cu、Se、Cr、Pb等则随年龄增长而下降。不同生长发育时期血清多数元素有明显差别,整个人群血清各元素男女间基本一致,但不同时期血清元素有一定性别差异。比较不同地区血清元素的分布,表明市区人群血清Cr、Si、Pb等元素较高,而市郊Cu、Fe、Mn、Sr值较高。     

常、微量元素与胎儿宫内发育迟缓关系的研究

目的 探讨常、微量元素与胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)间的关系.方法 孕晚期测定71名孕妇母血、脐血、羊水中微量元素水平,其中IUGR组21例,对照组35例,巨大儿组15例.结果 IUGR组母血清Zn,Se,Mn,Fe,Mg,Cr明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);Cd,Pb,Ni水平明显高于对照组;巨大儿组母血清Fe含量亦明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);三组间Ca,Ti,Co,Li无明显差别.IUGR组脐血清Se,Mn,Cd,Fe,Cu,Mg明显低于对照组;Pb,Ni明显高于对照组;三组间Zn,Ca,Ti,Co,Li无明显差别.IUGR组羊水Zn,Se,Mn,Fe明显低于对照组,三组间Ca,Co无明显差别.结论 常、微量元素与胎儿发育关系密切,Zn,Se,Mn,Fe,Mg,Cu,Cr缺乏可致胎儿宫内发育迟缓,Cd,Pb,Ni升高可致低体重儿.     

特发性身材矮小儿童全血微量元素及血清骨碱性磷酸酶的变化

【目的】 探讨特发性身材矮小( idiopathic short stature, ISS) 儿童全血铜、铁、钙、镁、锌、铅以及血清骨碱性磷酸酶(bone alkaline phosphatase, BALP)水平,了解其对身高的影响。 【方法】 测定ISS组儿童及正常对照组儿童全血铜、铁、钙、镁、锌、铅及血清BALP水平并比较分析。 【结果】 ISS组儿童血铅及血清BALP水平均高于相应年龄段健康对照组儿童,血钙、血锌均低于对照组儿童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或＜0.01)。 【结论】 铅暴露对儿童的身高有不良影响,可能是引起儿童ISS的因素之一,而血钙和血锌缺乏也影响了儿童的身高,此外ISS儿童体内BALP水平升高,可用于其疗效监测。     

甲状腺功能亢进症患者头发微量元素研究

目的探讨甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)患者头发微量元素谱的变化及其与甲状腺功能状态的关系。方法对照组60例,甲亢组67例,测定头发微量元素[镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、锶(Sr)、钼(Mo)、钡(Ba)]以及血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT4)水平,比较两组间各微量元素的差异;并将甲亢患者各微量元素与FT3、FT4分别进行相关分析。结果甲亢组头发Zn、Cu、Mg、Cr水平降低,Mn、Sr水平升高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05),Fe、Ca、Mo、Ba水平差异无统计学意义;Zn、Mg与FT3、FT4水平呈负相关,Mn与FT3、FT4水平呈正相关。结论甲亢患者存在头发微量元素谱的变化,微量元素与甲状腺功能状态相互关联,微量元素在甲亢的病理生理机制中可能起着重要作用。     

邯郸市某幼儿园540例儿童血液微量元素的含量调查

目的:了解邯郸市某幼儿园儿童微量元素营养状况。方法:对该幼儿园540例1.5～6岁健康儿童进行血液微量元素钙、铁、锌、镉、铅、镁、锰、铜的检测。结果:该幼儿园儿童缺铁性贫血的发生率高达42.41%;钙、锌、镁、锰、铜、铅的异常率较低。发现1例镉超标儿童。各种微量元素的异常在不同性别之间无差异,不同年龄组儿童的铁缺乏情况无统计学差异。结论:该幼儿园儿童的微量元素营养状况基本较好,但要注意铁的补充。     

Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Metal Concentrations in Teeth of Residents of Silesian Region, Southern Poland

Concentrations of 11 metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Na, K, Ca, and Mg) were assayed in the teeth of two populations of the Silesian region. The first group (n = 83) comprised the residents of Katowice–Szopienice, a town located in the center of the Upper Silesian industrial region, in close proximity to a Pb plant, whereas the other was a group of residents of the agricultural community Strumień (n = 44). The concentrations of all the trace metals were found to be higher in the teeth of Katowice–Szopienice residents. The methods of cluster analysis distinguished two clusters of metals in the teeth: essential (Ca, Na, Mg, Zn, and K) and trace (Cd, Mn, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb) elements. Euclidean distances reflected the differences in concentrations between the two groups. The results obtained were analyzed using principal component analysis. Four principal factors accounted for 68.1% of the total variance for Katowice–Szopienice residents and for 80.1% for Strumień residents. The first factor showed high contributions of Cu and Cr, elements present in humans as a result of diet, and also Mn for Katowice–Szopienice residents because of environmental contamination. The second factor was characterized by large Zn and Cd fractions and, for Katowice–Szopienice residents, Pb and K as well. The diversified exposure of both populations was reflected by the differences in Euclidean distances and contribution of particular elements with respect of principal components.     

Correlation between the Levels of Certain Carcinogenic and Anticarcinogenic Trace Elements and Esophageal Cancer in Northern Iran

Levels of four carcinogenic (Ni, Fe, Cu, Pb) and four anticarcinogenic (Zn, Se, Mn, Mg) trace elements were measured in hair samples from esophageal cancer patients, their unaffected family members, and members of families with no history of cancer. Measurements were also made in non-esophageal cancer patients, using atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy, and neutron activation analysis. The results showed that Ni and Cu concentrations were significantly higher and Mg and Mn concentrations were significantly lower in all cancer cases. Levels of Zn, Fe, Se, and Pb were not significantly different in the above-mentioned groups. In addition, the serum albumin fraction, which is reported to have antioxidant activity, was found to be significantly lower among esophageal cancer patients.     

十堰地区儿童静脉血微量元素检测结果

目的:了解各年龄段儿童血清中微量元素的含量,为合理补充微量元素、防治Pb、Cd污染提供科学的理论依据。方法:918例0～12岁儿童按发育阶段分为4组,分别为婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前组、学龄组,取静脉血,采用北京博晖的BH5100型原子吸收光谱仪检测全血Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg和Fe含量,BH2100型原子吸收光谱仪检测Pb和Cd含量。结果:各年龄组间Fe、Cd含量无统计学差异,而不同年龄组间Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Pb含量差异有统计学意义(P0.01),Ca含量随着年龄的增加而降低,而Zn的含量随着年龄的增加而升高。Ca、Cu、Zn缺乏和高Pb率在各年龄组不同,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而Fe、Mg缺乏以及高Cd与年龄没有明显的关系,各年龄组之间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:十堰市儿童Ca、Zn、Fe缺乏普遍存在,Cu、Mg缺乏少见,存在一定程度的Pb污染,Cd污染程度较轻,需合理补充微量元素,预防Pb污染。     

冠心病中血糖与血清微量元素间的关系分析

对７５例冠心病患者依血糖水平分两组，进行１２种血清微量元素测定，旨在探讨微量元素与冠心病及糖尿病间的相互关系。结果发现锌、铬、锰、硒、钴元素高血糖组较对照组血清水平为低，呈非常显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０ｌ）；铜、镍元素增高，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；而锶、铁、砷、铅、铝元素两组间无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．１）。表明部分微量元素与冠心病及血糖间存在着密切联系。     

L-蛋氨酸驱铅对小鼠体内微量元素的影响

目的　探讨L 蛋氨酸 (L Met)驱铅对小鼠体内微量元素Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe的影响。方法　分别给小鼠蒸馏水 (样本数 =1 0 ,正常对照组 )或 40 0 μg/ml(以Pb2 + 计 )的醋酸铅溶液 (样本数 =2 0 )作为饮用水 ,持续 1 0d,然后 ,停止喂铅 ;将染铅小鼠再随机均分为 2组 ,一组改用蒸馏水 (样本数 =1 0 ,Pb对照组 ) ,另一组改用 0 .5mg/mlL Met溶液 (样本数 =1 0 ,Pb +L Met组 )作为饮用水 ,持续进行 4周。实验开始和结束时 ,分别称取小鼠的体重。 4周后的第 1天 ,杀死所有动物 ,取出各组小鼠的肝、脑、脾、肾 ,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 (ICP)测定其中的Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe含量 ,并与正常对照组和Pb对照组进行比较。结果　Pb对照组小鼠肝、脑、脾、肾中Pb含量 [(1 .490± 1 .654)、(3 .470±2 .757)、(4.975± 2 .993)、(0 .0 66± 0 .0 0 1 ) μg/g]明显高于正常对照组 [(0 .0 1 5± 0 .0 0 1 )、(0 .0 0 9±0 .0 0 7)、(0 .0 2 7± 0 .0 0 2 )、(0 .0 0 6± 0 .0 1 5) μg/g] ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5) ;肝、脑、脾中Zn含量 ,肝、脑、脾、肾中Fe含量及Mn含量均明显低于正常对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5)。L Met组小鼠脑、脾中的Pb含量和肾Cu含量明显高于正常对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5) ;肝、脑、     

原子吸收分光光度法测定赣产白术中微量元素

用原子吸收光度法测定白术中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mg、Cr、Mn、Pb、Cd、K、Ni、Co共11种元素的含量。其中Mg、K是人体的常量元素,Cu、Fe、Zn、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni是人体的必需微量元素,Pb、Cd是人体的非必需微量元素。结果表明,白术含有很多与人体密切相关的元素,具有较高的药用价值。     

武汉市健康儿童头发与血清中七种微量元素和镁的含量

作者对武汉市210例7～12岁健康儿童头发和血清中锌、铜、铁、锰、铬,硒、镉七种微量元素和镁的含量及其影响因素进行了研究,其中硒采用阴极溶出伏安法测定,其它元素采用原子吸收光谱法。结果表明,发铜男低女高,性别差异显著;发锌和锰与年龄呈显著正相关,发镉则呈负相关,这种年龄差异反映出各年龄对微量元素的需要量不同;学龄期组与学龄前期组和青少年组比较,发锌随年龄增加而增加,发铬和硒随年龄增加而减少。逐步回归分析结果表明,头发和血清微量元素含量之间有一定关系,其中发锌与血清锌呈显著正相关;身高与发锰、发铁和发锌以及体重与血清铜之间存在一定的回归关系,提示这些元素对身高和体重发育有一定影响。     

Trace element contamination of total parenteral nutrition. 2. Effect of storage duration and temperature.

BACKGROUND: Patients who receive home total parenteral nutrition (TPN) frequently are supplied with solutions up to 30 days in advance of anticipated use. The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of trace elements relative to time and temperature conditions, in a typical adult TPN solution stored in a usual home environment by examining variations in delivery of intended trace elements and inadvertent trace element contamination. METHODS: Trace element concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technology. The effect of the delivery apparatus, storage duration (36 hours or 30 days) after compounding, and storage temperature (4 degrees C or 20 degrees C) were examined. RESULTS: The delivery apparatus contaminated the delivered TPN solution with cobalt but did not alter trace elements formulated into the TPN solution. Storage duration and temperature significantly decreased three (Zn, Cu, and Mn) of the six trace elements formulated into the TPN solution. Higher temperatures and longer duration of storage accelerated this decrease. Boron, Al, V, Ti, Ba, Sr, and CO were the trace elements that appeared as contaminants during storage. Boron, Al, V, and Ti contamination decreased with higher temperatures and longer duration of storage. CONCLUSIONS: Longer storage duration and higher storage temperature progressively reduced the deliverable concentrations of trace elements specifically formulated into the TPN solution and also of those trace elements that were not formulated into the TPN solution but that appeared as contaminants.     

锌、铜、铁、钙营养状况与高血压病的相关研究

对５２例高血压患者进行头发中锌、铜、铁、钙等１０种元素的含量测定，并同时测算相应膳食中锌、铜、铁、钙及蛋白质和热能的摄入量。结果表明：①高血压组发锌、铜、钙、硒、铬、锰、锶含量均低于健康组，发铁、铅含量则高于健康组。②高血压组膳食中锌、铜、钙、蛋白质的摄入量均明显低于健康组及ＲＤＡ标准，而铁及热能的摄入量则高于健康组及ＲＤＡ标准。③高血压组膳食中锌、铜、铁、钙的摄入量分别与相应发含量及蛋白和热能的摄入量呈显著性正相关。结果提示，高血压患者头发中锌、铜、铁、钙等元素含量可用来评价其营养状况。微量元素含量变化与高血压病的发生发展有密切关系。