CONTRACTION AND MYOFIBROBLASTS IN RESTORED SKIN

We have developed an allogeneic cultured dermal substitute (CDS) that was prepared by plating fibroblasts on to a spongy collagen matrix and culturing them for 7 to 10 days. The matrix was freeze-dried from a 1% aqueous solution of bovine-hide atelocollagen. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of promoting epithelialisation clinically on 26 donor-site wounds for split-thickness skin grafts. One half of a wound was covered with an allogeneic CDS and the other half side was covered with a commercially-available freeze-dried porcine dermis (FPD). Both macroscopically and histologically the epithelialisation on the area of the donor site that was covered with allogeneic CDS was more rapid than that covered with FPD. In a representative donor-site wound covered with allogeneic CDS, there was a stratified structure of epithelial cells on the underlying connective tissue on day 5, and the epithelium had matured by day 12. When covered with FPD a stratified structure of epithelial cells was noted on day 8, and the epithelium had matured by day 15. We conclude that allogeneic CDS provides a good environment for epithelialisation.     

改良Abbe瓣修复上唇缺损

目的：研究改良Abbe瓣修复上唇缺损的方法及临床效果。方法：选取16例上唇缺损的患者，采用改良Abbe瓣修复上唇缺损。结果：16例患者Abbe瓣均成活，患者上唇外形得到明显改善。结论：改良Abbe瓣可改善患者的上唇外形。缓解患者的生理和心理负担，是一种理想的修复上唇缺损的方法。     

下唇唇癌术后缺损即刻修复

目的：探讨下唇唇癌术后不同程度缺损的修复方法。方法：根据下唇唇癌术后缺损程度,缺损小于1／3的5例患者采取“V”形滑行组织瓣,缺损在2／3左右的另5例患者采取扇形组织瓣修复。结果：小于1／3的缺损术后的修复效果好,而2／3左右的缺损术后口角略变化。结论：下唇唇癌术后缺损的修复应根据下唇缺损的程度,选择合理的手术方法。     

Lip adhesion revisited: A technical note with review of literature

Context (Background):

Lip adhesion is a direct edge approximation without changing lip landmarks or disturbing tissue required for definitive closure. This converts a complete cleft into an incomplete cleft, facilitating and enhancing subsequent definitive lip and nose repair.

Aim:

The study aims to describe our technique of lip adhesion and its morbidity, and discuss the rationale for its use.

Settings and Design:

Retrospective follow-up study of complete clefts operated upon in the Bruges Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, at the supra regional teaching hospital AZ St. Jan, Bruges, between June 1, 1991 and May 1, 2009.

Methods and Material:

The group comprised 33 unilateral and 24 bilateral lip adhesion procedures. The medical files were reviewed for changes in surgical technique, morbidity, and complications and their treatment.

Results:

The lip adhesion procedure was performed at the age of two to eight weeks postnatal, and definitive lip closure, at the age of four to six months. In all cases, segment repositioning was further controlled by a palatal guidance plate. Wound dehiscence occurred in eight patients (14.0%), and three patients (5.3%) required reoperation.

Conclusions:

Although complications occurred, the beneficial effects of lip adhesion in combination with a guidance plate outweighed the risks for anatomical reconstruction of a platform for definitive lip and nose repair. Modifications are suggested to reduce these complications.     

Aesthetic camouflage of bilateral cleft lip scars

Two operative scar lines remain after bilateral cleft lip repair. A method has been devised in which the two scar lines are reduced into one. The characteristics of this method include (1) an inconspicuous scar, (2) elevation of the nasal tip using the prolabium, (3) repair of the whistling deformity, (4) a natural-looking mustache, (5) formation of a pout, and (6) psychological benefits. Good results have been obtained with this method. The disadvantage of this method is the maxillary retardation. However, this does not occur in adults and can be corrected easily in children.Presented at the 7th Congress of Japanese Society of Cleft Palate, July 22, 1983; 29th Congress of Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, June 12, 1986; and 9th Congress of Japan Society of Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery, November 15, 1986     

肌肉复位术矫正单侧唇裂术后鼻底畸形

目的 探讨单侧唇裂术后鼻底畸形矫正的有效手术方法.方法 对2007年8月至2010年8月收治的50例单侧唇裂术后鼻底畸形患者,针对不同的畸形程度,采用鼻底肌肉复位术矫正鼻底畸形,并以肌肉组织充填鼻翼基底,弥补患侧上颌骨发育不足;复位鼻唇肌,以保持两侧肌张力的均衡,恢复鼻翼形态.结果 术后50例患者的鼻畸形均得到很大程度的改善,术后移位的鼻小柱回到正常位置,左右鼻翼根部和鼻底宽度基本对称,鼻翼根部畸形、鼻底过宽、鼻小柱偏斜均得到较明显改善.对患者手术前后的相关数据进行统计检验,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的病因复杂,可通过对易位的鼻孔压肌翼部、降鼻中隔肌复位术,有效地改善畸形.     

The lateral upper lip sinus: case report and review of the literature

 The lip sinus is a rare congenital anomaly. Lower lip sinuses are relatively more common than those in the upper lip. Sinuses in the lateral lip area are extremely rare. A total of 12 cases have been reported in the literature. In this paper, a case of lateral upper lip sinus is presented. There were no associated anomalies and no family history. The surgical management is discussed. Received: 31 July 1996 / Accepted: 16 October 1996     

单侧唇裂继发畸形修复中口轮匝肌的重建

目的介绍口轮匝肌复位重建在单侧唇裂继发畸形修复中的效果。方法对采用直线缝合法修复的唇裂患者，在行继发畸形修复中，选Millard旋转推进法设计皮肤切口，切开皮肤，将裂隙的健、患两侧的口轮匝肌进行解剖，在健侧，分离口轮匝肌达正常侧人中嵴处；在裂隙侧，将口轮匝肌从皮肤下解剖达10mm；在口腔裂隙的健侧从鼻棘，裂隙侧从鼻翼基部，将口轮匝肌从黏膜下分离出来。使用透明的尼龙线缝合肌肉。将裂隙健、患侧分离的口轮匝肌每侧水平分成4束，互相交叉缝合，然后缝合皮肤。结果术后患侧鼻孔大小、对称性、鼻小柱长度、鼻小柱的位置、患侧人中嵴、患侧唇峰、唇珠、人中凹、鼻尖的高度、突度的变化，术后均近似正常，近期效果满意。结论利用口轮匝肌的重建来修复单侧唇裂继发畸形，以恢复正常上唇正中解剖结构及对称的鼻孔大小，是一种有用的方法。     

单侧唇裂修复术中红唇保留与美容关系的探讨

目的：探讨在单侧唇裂修复术中红唇组织的保留方法与面部美容的关系。方法：通过322例单侧唇裂修复术中对红唇的处理方法进行总结分析。结果：红唇部形态自然、丰满,唇珠完整、微突。结论：在单侧唇裂修复术中,完全保留红唇是可行的,也是增进面部美容的关键所在。     

应用上唇外侧组织瓣旋转修复下唇缺损

目的:探求上唇外侧组织瓣在修复较大面积下唇缺损中的作用。方法:根据患者下唇缺损情况,设计上唇外侧组织瓣,旋转后插入缺损组织,同时在缺损吻合处,将上层外侧旋转瓣内侧粘膜肌肉向外牵拉形成部分新的红唇,然后逐层相对缝合,修复缺损。结果:自2003年1月应用此方法修复患者6例,术后随访1～2年,唇部外形好,无流涎,无口闭合不全,效果满意。     

双侧“V”形唇红瓣联合口轮匝肌成形术修复双侧唇裂术后凹陷畸形

目的探讨双侧唇裂修复术后继发红唇凹陷畸形的有效矫治方法。方法本组患者26例,均为双侧唇裂一期手术后。术中,首先切除原有瘢痕,解剖分离出两侧口轮匝肌,重建连续的口轮匝肌肌环;然后在双侧红唇瓣上分别设计＂Y＂型切口,三角瓣尖端朝向中线;最后将双侧＂V＂型三角黏膜瓣向中线推进交叉缝合,重建唇珠。结果 26例患者红唇口哨畸形均得以矫正,上唇人中得以延长。所有患者术后随访3个月至2.5年,效果良好。结论在口轮匝肌重建基础上,应用＂V＂型皮瓣推进交叉成形术,是种操作简单、效果良好的修复双侧唇裂术后继发红唇凹陷畸形的方法 。     

Gracilis free muscle transfer for morpho-functional reconstruction of the lower lip

BACKGROUND: Large full-thickness defects of the lower lip need free tissue transfer. The free forearm flap is the more widespread technique for free flap lower lip reconstruction, but it results in a static lip. The authors describe a technique of morphodynamic sensate reconstruction of the lower lip with a free gracilis flap and a musculomucosal flap. METHODS: Three patients underwent reconstruction with an innervated free muscular gracilis flap, an innervated musculo-mucosal flap for the vermillion (2 cases), and a full-thickness skin graft. RESULTS: No significant complications were observed. Static function and vermillion sensitivity were immediately restored. The skin color match was excellent. After 9 months, contraction of the transferred muscle was evident. CONCLUSION: The lip is a dynamic unit. The innervated gracilis muscle seems ideal for lip reconstruction in that it correctly replaces all the lip layers and compensates for the lost function much better than a static technique.     

Our experience with the Cronin and Millard techniques for the treatment of secondary bilateral cleft lip nose

Summary Our experience with the Cronin and Millard techniques for the treatment of the secondary bilateral cleft lip nose has been evaluated by an objective photogrammetric method. The method involved uses measurements from photographs. The statistical analysis has revealed that elongation of columella, narrowing of alar bases, normalization of nasolabial angle and nostril position have been accomplished by both the Cronin and Millard techniques; there was no statistical difference between the two techniques in achieving these corrections.     

Aesthetic considerations of the cleft lip operation

The results of a cleft lip operation are checked from the anterior, the profile, and the caudal views and even if the deformities are minimal, for aesthetic reasons they should be repaired. Philtrum length, philtrum shape, philtrum depth, nasolabial triangular area, vermilion thickness, Cupid's bow peak, horizontal upper lip groove, vermilion border, alar size, depth of alar groove, nasal deviation, nostril shape, nasal tip, columella height, sill shape, columella width, and facial balance of the anterior, profile, and caudal views are used as aesthetic checkpoints for the results of a cleft lip operation. If deformities are found, the aesthetic plastic surgeon should repair them to achieve a more satisfactory result. In addition, augmentation rhinoplasty, augmentation mentoplasty, or other craniofacial surgery may be performed.Presented at the VIII Congress of International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Madrid, Spain, September 15–18, 1985     

双侧唇裂术后上唇短小合并鼻畸形的治疗

目的：探讨双侧唇裂术后上唇短小合并鼻畸形的矫正方法。方法：将前唇整块上移延长鼻小柱,双侧外侧唇颊瓣向中线推进,Ⅰ期修复唇部组织缺损,恢复口轮匝肌的连续性,同时矫正鼻尖低平、鼻孔宽大、重建人中嵴。结果：临床治疗7例,术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,随访10天～24个月,唇、鼻畸形明显改善。结论：利用前唇上移和双侧外侧唇颊瓣推进是解决上唇短小合并鼻畸形的一种有效方法。     

下唇交叉唇瓣修复上唇缺损的临床效果

目的 探讨下唇交叉唇瓣修复上唇缺损的临床效果.方法 应用下唇交叉唇瓣修复上唇缺损,缺损在唇中份者采用Abbe唇瓣,缺损在唇侧者采用Estlander唇瓣.手术分为两期:I期行唇瓣转移术,以唇动脉为蒂旋转180°插入上唇缺损区后,按黏膜、肌层及皮肤分层缝合;Ⅱ期行断蒂术同时修复红唇.结果 26例上唇缺损患者经Abbe-Estlander唇瓣转移修复后均成活,随访3～12个月,唇部功能及外形均得到明显改善.结论 根据缺损类型,选择恰当适应证,应用Abbe-Estlander唇瓣修复上唇缺损,可明显改善上唇外形及功能,具有良好的临床效果.     

改良双侧唇裂修复术──延长前唇的唇肌功能整复法

目的：介绍一种新的双侧唇裂修复术延长前唇的唇肌功能整复法。方法：自１９８０年以来应用该法治疗１４６例，详细描述了手术步骤。结果：本法保留了较多的唇部组织，术后唇肌功能恢复较好，前唇延长较多，张力降低，唇弓、唇峰、唇珠形态自然美观。结论：本法定点设计简单、合理，术后静态及功能效果满意，值得推广应用。     

下唇围裙状粘膜瓣修复唇裂术后上唇过紧

应用自行设计的下唇围裙状粘膜瓣移转矫正唇裂术后上唇过紧畸形12例,效果满意。文中叙述了手术方法,讨论了手术的优缺点。认为该法是矫正轻、中度上唇过紧的良好方法。     

下鼻甲黏膜瓣在唇裂修复术中的应用

目的　探讨在完全性唇裂修复术中减少鼻底张力 ,确保鼻底修复的方法。方法　通过在裂侧设计下鼻甲黏膜瓣与口腔黏膜瓣的联合应用 ,有效地减少鼻底张力、闭合鼻底。结果　用本法治疗 18例患儿 ,术后伤口均一期愈合 ,鼻外形改善满意 ,供区愈合良好。结论　应用下鼻甲黏膜瓣修复鼻底可以有效地减少张力 ,安全地闭合鼻底 ,减少并发症的发生。