CD4+CD25+T细胞在肿瘤及移植中的作用

机体对自身抗原的天然耐受机理一直是一个重要的、困惑着免疫学家和临床医生的难题。对调节性T细胞的认识，也经历了一个漫长而颇具争议的历程。20世纪60年代末，Nishizuka等曾报道，出生后第3天被切除胸腺(d3TX)的小鼠将发生自身免疫病，表明来自胸腺的部分T细胞有维持自身免疫耐受的功能，但该结论并没有马上得到同行们共识。直到90年代中，Sakaguchi等将除去了CD25^ 细胞的CD4单阳性T细胞过继转移给裸鼠，结果裸鼠发生     

人CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞系的建立与功能分析

目的：建立可在体外长期培养的人CD4^ CD25^ 调节性T细胞系并研究其免疫生物学特性。方法：用流式分选的方法从健康人外周血淋巴细胞中得到CD4^ CD25^ T细胞，并对其进行体外长期培养、扩增；淋巴细胞转化实验分析其免疫抑制功能，流式细胞法分析其表型。结果：经对人CD4^ CD25^ T细胞的长期培养扩增，获得具有免疫抑制功能的调节性T细胞系。该T细胞系对经TCR的刺激不敏感，且能抑制同一来源或同种异型CD4^ CD25^ T细胞的活化，大剂量IL－2可以逆转其抑制功能。长期培养的CD4^ CD25^ T细胞，膜表面CD25和CTLA－4分子持续高表达，而CD4^ CD25^ T细胞CD25和CTLA－4分子的表达呈周期性变化。结论：将CD4^ CD25^ T细胞体外扩增培养成系，其功能和表型与同一来源的CD4^ CD25^ T细胞显著不同。     

骨髓CD34+细胞体外扩增诱导树突状细胞实验研究

目的探讨应用不同细胞因子组合方案从骨髓CD34+细胞体外扩增诱导树突状细胞(DC)的可行性及评价不同诱导方案诱导DC的效果.方法免疫磁珠法纯化骨髓CD34+细胞.在有血清条件下应用两步法SCF+FL+TPO+IL-3扩增2周,然后以GM-CSF+IL-4+TNF-α(GI方案)或GM-CSF+TNF-α(GT方案)诱导DC;或者一步法SCF+FL+TPO+IL-3+GM-CSF+TNF-α直接作用2周扩增诱导DC.通过相差显微镜、电子显微镜、流式细胞仪分析、异硫氰酸荧光素标记的葡聚糖(FITC-DX)内吞实验检测DC的生物学特性.结果诱导后细胞较0 d或诱导前细胞高表达DC相关标记(CD1a、CD80、CD86、CD40、CD54、HLA-DR).两步法GI方案诱导10 d,总细胞扩增倍数、CDla+DC扩增倍数分别为(198±178)倍和(122±129)倍,与GT方案比较无统计学意义,但诱导细胞CD1a、CD80、CD86的表达明显高于后者.一步法扩增诱导2周时总细胞数扩增(43±16)倍,CD1a+DC数是0 d接种细胞的(4±2)倍.结论两步法能从正常CD34+细胞诱导产生大量DC,GI方案优于GT方案.两者扩增效率均优于一步法.     

腺病毒介导CTLA4Ig基因修饰骨髓间质干细胞体外抑制免疫应答的研究

目的:通过腺病毒载体介导CTLA4Ig在大鼠骨髓间质干细胞(MSC)中的表达,探讨MSC作为基因转移靶细胞的可行性和转染效率,研究其在体外对免疫应答的抑制作用。方法:构建含有CTLA4Ig基因的重组腺病毒载体pAd-CTLA4Ig,按照不同的感染倍率(MOI)转染大鼠MSC,用荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪分析转染效率,流式细胞术、Westernblotting等方法检测目的蛋白CTLA4Ig在MSC中的表达。将转基因MSC加入混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)体系,观察其抑制淋巴细胞增殖的生物学效应。结果:重组腺病毒载体pAd-CTLA4Ig对MSC的最大转染率为80.7%±4.7%,转基因MSC可检测到目的蛋白的表达。基因修饰的MSC能有效抑制MLR体系中淋巴细胞的增殖,4d达到最大抑制效率51.46％;再次MLR证实这种抑制作用是供者特异性的。结论:MSC是一种较理想的基因转移靶细胞,其表达的转基因产物CTLA4Ig可在体外特异性地抑制免疫应答。     

CTLA4Ig抑制T细胞增殖的体外研究

目的 观察CTLA4Ig在人外周血T细胞增殖反应中的作用。方法 植物血凝素（PHA）、脂多糖（LPS）、金葡菌肠毒素B（SEB）刺激T细胞增殖,在加入或未加入CTLA4Ig情况下,观察细胞形态并检测^3H-TdR掺入量。结果ＣＴＬＡ４Ｉg对ＰＨＡ、ＬＰＳ的抑制作用呈剂量依赖关系。而CTLA4Ig浓度只高于5ug/mL时,对SEB才有抑制作用。且可完全抑帛。结论CTLA4Ig对PHA、LPS、SEB刺激下的T细胞增殖反应有明显的抑制作用。但反应模式不一致。     

负载CTLA4Ig重组腺病毒的未成熟树突状细胞对大鼠Th细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨负载CTLA4Ig重组腺病毒的未成熟树突状细胞对大鼠Th细胞增殖的影响。方法将CTLA4Ig重组腺病毒与Wistar大鼠未成熟树突状细胞于37℃共孵育6h后,经尾静脉注射该大鼠作实验组,另外分别设立Wistar大鼠未成熟树突状细胞、CTLA4Ig重组腺病毒、生理盐水经尾静脉注射为对照。1周后,用0.3%戊巴比妥麻醉各组大鼠后抽血检测CTLA4Ig。取脾脏,经流式细胞术分选出Th1、Th2细胞及CD4 T细胞,行混合淋巴细胞培养检测Th细胞的增殖。用免疫组织化学法检测Th1、Th2细胞的比例。结果实验组血清CTLA4Ig水平(0.654±0.13)显著高于CTLA4Ig重组腺病毒组(0.392±0.10,P<0.01),树突状细胞组及生理盐水组未检出。实验组Th1细胞的增殖指数(742±161)、Th1/Th2(0.16±0.05)均显著低于各对照组(分别与未成熟树突状细胞组、CTLA4Ig重组腺病毒组、生理盐水组相比,P均<0.01);而Th2细胞的增殖指数(9162±598)显著高于各对照组(P均<0.01)。结论负载CTLA4Ig重组腺病毒的未成熟树突状细胞可显著抑制大鼠Th1细胞增殖,促进Th2细胞增殖,使Th细胞由Th1向Th2显著偏移,诱导有效的免疫耐受。     

CTLA4Ig基因修饰骨髓基质细胞诱导HLA单倍型供者T细胞的免疫耐受

背景：CTLA4Ig作为免疫耐受诱导剂是目前预防移植物抗宿主病很有潜力的策略之一。 目的：体外研究腺病毒介导CTLA4Ig基因修饰的骨髓基质细胞诱导HLA单倍型供者T细胞免疫耐受的有效性。 方法：自HLA单倍型相合供者骨髓分离培养骨髓基质细胞,用CTLA4Ig-重组腺病毒按感染复数50转染骨髓基质细胞72 h,免疫荧光法检测CTLA4Ig在骨髓基质细胞中的表达、定位。分别将2×10⁴,4×10⁴及8×10⁴ CTLA4Ig基因修饰的骨髓基质细胞与10⁵个HLA单倍型相合的供者外周血T细胞及10⁵个受者外周血单个核细胞行混合淋巴细胞培养,MTT法测定T细胞增殖抑制率,收集培养上清以ELISA法检测白细胞介素2水平。构建CTLA4Ig基因修饰的骨髓基质细胞层于6孔板,每孔接种骨髓单个核细胞1×10⁵,于培养第5天计数扩增后的单个核细胞数及CFU-GM集落数。 结果与结论：按感染复数50转染的骨髓基质细胞中CTLA4Ig表达阳性率为85%,荧光信号在细胞浆中呈不均匀分布。2×10⁴,4×10⁴及8×10⁴ CTLA4Ig基因修饰的骨髓基质细胞对供者T细胞增殖的抑制率高于未转染基质细胞组,而白细胞介素2水平低于未转染基质细胞组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。培养第5天,CTLA4Ig基因修饰的骨髓基质细胞组单个核细胞数及CFU-GM集落数与未转染骨髓基质细胞组比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。结果表明腺病毒介导CTLA4Ig基因修饰的骨髓基质细胞在体外能诱导HLA单倍型相合供者T细胞的免疫耐受。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

脐血CD34+细胞体外定向诱导分化为T淋巴细胞的实验研究

目的：建立利用人造血干／祖细胞体外定向诱导分化为T淋巴细胞的方法，为研究T细胞生物学特性及细胞免疫提供技术平台。方法：MACS方法分离人脐带CD34^ 细胞接种到人胎儿胸腺基质单层细胞上，IMDM液体培养基含20％人AB血清并加入FL、IL-12、IL-7和IL-2细胞因子组合，于培养7、14、21、28、35、42天取非贴壁细胞利用流式细胞仪对细胞表型进行检测，并进行细胞形态学分析。结果：2周后，CD4^ CD8^ 非成熟T淋巴细胞占细胞总数的0．3％-13．3％，4-5周CD4^ CD8^ T淋巴细胞达到高峰占16．6％-26．5％，且CD3^ CD4^ CD8^ 和CD3^ CD4^-CD8^ T淋巴细胞逐渐增多，6周后达26．5％～64．9％和11．6％-38．9％。培养成熟的T淋巴细胞经PHA IL-2刺激后瑞氏染色鉴定可见大原始淋巴细胞存在。结论：利用人脐血CD34^ 在体外人胎儿胸腺基质单层细胞上加FL、IL-12、IL-7和IL-2细胞因子组合条件下，可诱导分化出T淋巴细胞，并且培养的T细胞对有丝分裂素刺激有增殖反应。     

CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞AICD机制的研究

目的探讨CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞活化诱导的细胞死亡（AICD）发生的机制。方法CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞以磁性细胞分离器（MACS）从BALB／c小鼠或DO11．10小鼠的静息T细胞分离纯化。体外细胞增殖抑制实验证实其免疫调节作用。CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞的AICD以CD3／CD28单克隆抗体活化或以特异性OVA323-339肽、抗原提呈细胞活化等两种方法获得。CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞凋亡相关基因的表达通过实时定量PCR检测。流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡率。进一步观察FasL中和抗体、TRAIL中和抗体及caspase抑制剂zVAD-fmk对CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞凋亡的影响。结果MACS成功分离CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞，纯度可达98％，该细胞可特异性表达Foxp3基因，能明显抑制效应性T细胞的体外增殖。CD3／CD28抗体以及OVA特异性抗原活化8d的CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞AICD达39％～45％。活化前后的CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞死亡受体家族表达发生明显变化；FasL、TRAIL中和抗体及zVAD-fmk可明显抑制CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的凋亡。结论FasL／Fas及其他凋亡相关分子可能参与了CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的凋亡。     

胸腺基质细胞支持下骨髓CD34+细胞向T细胞体外定向分化

本文研究了人骨髓CD34^＋细胞体外向T细胞定向分化的程序,为进一步研究银屑病患者骨髓CD34^＋细胞定向分化的T细胞活性方法提供理论依据.     

CTLA‐4 is required by CD4+CD25+ Treg to control CD4+ T‐cell lymphopenia‐induced proliferation

CTLA‐4 is constitutively expressed by CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg but its precise role in Treg function is not clear. Although blockade of CTLA‐4 interferes with Treg function, studies using CTLA‐4‐deficient Treg have failed to reveal an essential requirement for CTLA‐4 in Treg suppression in vivo. Conditional deletion of CTLA‐4 in Foxp3⁺ T cells disrupts immune homeostasis in vivo but the immune processes disrupted by CTLA‐4 deletion have not been determined. We demonstrate that Treg expression of CTLA‐4 is essential for Treg control of lymphopenia‐induced CD4 T‐cell expansion. Despite IL‐10 expression, CTLA‐4‐deficient Treg were unable to control the expansion of CD4⁺ target cells in a lymphopenic environment. Moreover, unlike their WT counterparts, CTLA‐4‐deficient Treg failed to inhibit cytokine production associated with homeostatic expansion and were unable to prevent colitis. Thus, while Treg developing in the absence of CTLA‐4 appear to acquire some compensatory suppressive mechanisms in vitro, we identify a non‐redundant role for CTLA‐4 in Treg function in vivo.     

CTLA4Ig基因修饰BMSCs对异种胰岛移植排斥反应的影响

目的 探讨细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4免疫球蛋白( CTLA4Ig)基因修饰骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)在异种胰岛移植排斥反应中的作用.方法 构建携带CTLA4Ig基因的重组腺病毒载体,用其感染BMSCs并和人胰岛细胞移植到糖尿病大鼠肾包膜下,建立人-大鼠异种胰岛移植模型.观察胰岛移植后糖尿病大鼠血糖变化、生存情况以...     

Improved survival from potentially lethal graft-vs.-host disease by donor pretreatment with a recipient-specific blood transfusion. II. Evidence for a principal role of the CD4+ T cell subset

Pretreatment of prospective donors of hemopoietic cells with a single recipient-specific blood transfusion can significantly decrease the morbidity and mortality of potentially lethal graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) in lethally irradiated, allogeneically reconstituted mice. In a previous report we described the requirements for induction of this blood transfusion effect. In the present study we addressed in particular the mechanism underlying this effect. The beneficial effect of blood transfusion appeared to be due to the white blood cell population in the transfused blood. X-irradiation (20 Gy) of the blood prior to transfusion did not abrogate the effect, which makes a veto cell mechanism unlikely. The blood transfusion effect in this model appeared to be mediated by the CD4⁺ T cell subset, since purified CD4⁺ spleen cells from transfused donors caused considerably less morbidity and mortality than naive CD4⁺ spleen cells. Apparently CD8⁺ cells were not involved, because their absence did not affect the beneficial effect. This observation was further confirmed by the finding that treatment of recipient mice that were reconstituted with spleen cells from transfused donors with anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) did not abrogate the blood transfusion effect. Interestingly, the blood transfusion effect was enhanced by administration of anti-CD4 mAb to the recipients. The anti-CD4 mAb might impair the interaction between T cells and antigen-presenting cells, resulting in functional inactivation.     

CXCR4, but not CXCR3, drives CD8+ T‐cell entry into and migration through the murine bone marrow

The BM serves as a blood‐forming organ, but also supports the maintenance and immune surveillance function of many T cells. Yet, in contrast to other organs, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that drive T‐cell migration to and localization inside the BM. As BM accumulates many CXCR3‐expressing memory CD8⁺ T cells, we tested the involvement of this chemokine receptor, but found that CXCR3 is not required for BM entry. In contrast, we could demonstrate that CXCR4, which is highly expressed on both naive and memory CD8⁺ T cells in BM, is critically important for homing of all CD8⁺ T‐cell subsets to the BM in mice. Upon entry into the BM parenchyma, both naïve and memory CD8⁺ T cells locate close to sinusoidal vessels. Intravital imaging experiments revealed that CD8 T cells are surprisingly immobile and we found that they interact with ICAM‐1+VCAM‐1+BP‐1+ perivascular stromal cells. These cells are the major source of CXCL12, but also express key survival factors and maintenance cytokines IL‐7 and IL‐15. We therefore conclude that CXCR4 is not only crucial for entry of CD8⁺ T cells into the BM, but also controls their subsequent localization toward BM niches that support their survival.     

间充质干细胞体外对ITP患者CD4+CD25+T细胞影响

目的:体外观察间充质干细胞(MSCs)对免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者CD4+ CD25+T细胞比例的影响.方法:采用Ficoll分离骨髓单个核细胞,通过体外培养,扩增出MSCs,通过Ficoll分离法和尼龙棉柱法获取正常人及ITP患者外周血T淋巴细胞,并应用流式细胞术检测T细胞中CD4+ CD25+T细胞比例;MSCs经丝裂霉素MMC处理后按不同数量(2×103、1×104、5×104个细胞/孔)接种培养板作为基底层细胞,然后分别接种体外分离纯化的异体ITP及正常人T淋巴细胞,于2、4、6天后各自收集T淋巴细胞及培养上清,用流式细胞术检测接种于骨髓MSCs的ITP患者CD4+ CD25+T细胞比例.结果:ITP患者外周血CD4+ CD25+T细胞数量及CD4+ CD25+/CD4+比值均明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05);在PHA作用下,数量＞1×104的骨髓MSCs与T淋巴细胞共培养4天后,与正常对照组相比,MSCs可显著上调ITP患者及正常人T淋巴细胞中CD4+ CD25+T淋巴细胞比例及CD4+ CD25 +/CD4+比值(P＜0.05),且随MSCs量的增加,作用增强(P＜0.05).体外骨髓MSCs对ITP患者CD4+ CD25+T淋巴细胞具有上调作用,以上这种机制可使ITP患者的细胞因子及CD4+ CD25+T淋巴细胞逐渐接近于正常人但仍达不到正常人水平(P＜0.05).结论:MSCs在体外可能通过上调CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞,进而诱导ITP患者免疫耐受形成.     

电针刺激联合BMSCs移植对脑出血大鼠出血灶周边区水通道蛋白4表达的影响

目的　探讨骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）移植与电针刺激联合治疗对脑出血大鼠出血灶周边区水通道蛋白4（AQP-4）表达的影响。 方法　向成年SD大鼠右侧尾状核注射肝素和胶原酶诱导脑出血,并于术后第3天向出血灶移植BMSCs后施以电针刺激（Ea-BMSCs组）,同时设置BMSCs移植组（BMSCs组）、生理盐水移植组（Control组）和电针刺激组（Ea组）。各组分别于治疗后1、3、5、7和14 d收集脑组织标本,采用干湿法检测脑组织水含量,免疫组化和Western Blotting检测出血灶周边区AQP-4的表达变化。采用单因素方差LSD法进行统计分析。 结果　① AQP-4表达在软脑膜、大脑皮质、侧脑室脉络组织以及出血灶周边脑区,且与GFAP共表达于星形胶质细胞上。② 各实验组脑组织水含量在第3天开始升高,第5天达峰值,随后逐渐降低。③各组AQP-4蛋白在第3天开始升高,第5天达峰值,Control组和Ea组在达峰值后未见升高,而BMSCs组和Ea-BMSCs组在第14天再度出现峰值。 ④在第5天和第7天时,Ea-BMSCs组、BMSCs组AQP-4表达均低于Control组（P＜0.05）,Ea-BMSCs组与BMSCs组之间表达无差异;在第14天时,Ea-BMSCs组AQP-4表达高于Control组和BMSCs组（P＜0.05）。 结论　电针刺激联合BMSCs移植可显著降低脑组织水含量,可能与电针刺激使移植后表达上调的AQP-4活化发挥水转运功能有关。     

Clonal analysis of CD4 mediated accessory function on the effector activity of human CD4+ T cell subsets

Background: It has been reported for the peripheral T cell repertoire that CD4 molecules may enhance adhesion between T cells and antigen presenting cells and, through their physical association with T cell antigen receptors, contribute to signal transduction. Objective: The aims of this study were to determine if the modulation of CD4 molecules had differential effects on T cell recognition, antigen induced cytokine (IL-4 and IFNγ), release and the induction of specific anergy for human TH-0, TH-1 and TH-2 cells. Methods: A panel of anti-CD4 antibodies was examined for its ability to modulate T cell proliferation, cytokine production and tolerance induction in house dust mite (TH-0 and TH-2) and influenza haemagglutinin (TH-1) specific human CD4+ T cell clones all restricted by DRB1^*1101 and isolated from dust mite allergic individuals. Results: We observed that anti-CD4 antibodies may inhibit or enhance antigen mediated T cell proliferation, which may reflect the differential requirements of T cells for selective functions of CD4. Furthermore, IFNγ and IL-4 production was differentially modulated depending on the specificity of the anti-CD4 antibody and the clone of T cells. However, pretreatment of T cells with anti-CD4 antibody alone neither induced nor enhanced the susceptibility of T cells to peptide mediated anergy. Conclusion: Antigen recognition by different subsets of human CD4+ T cells has differential requirements on CD4, whereas the induction of specific anergy appeared to be independent of the functions of CD4 molecules. Antigen induced IFNγ production was more susceptible than IL-4 to the inhibitory effects of anti-CD4 antibodies. Furthermore, it appeared that certain anti-CD4 antibodies can dissociate antigen induced IFNγ and IL-4 production, and may downregulate IFNγ synthesis without inhibiting antigen dependent proliferation.     

CD4+CD28-T细胞在急性冠脉综合征中的作用研究进展

近年来,在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者的粥样斑块中和外周血中发现一种不寻常的细胞,即CD4+CD28T淋巴细胞.该细胞以分泌Thl型细胞因子为主,具有大量扩增和寿命长的特征,且具有细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)的功能.这种T细胞亚群在斑块中的堆积引起了斑块的不稳定,参与ACS的发生.因而对该细胞的研究将为ACS的预防和治疗提供新的途径.     

Natural killer cells prime the responsiveness of autologous CD4+ T cells to CTLA4-Ig and interleukin-10 mediated inhibition in an allogeneic dendritic cell-mixed lymphocyte reaction

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin (CTLA4-Ig) and interleukin (IL)-10 are immunomodulatory molecules which target CD28 costimulation by acting either directly or indirectly on the CD80/86 receptors on dendritic cells (DCs). This study examined the effect of combined treatment with CTLA4-Ig and IL-10 on T-cell responsiveness in a dendritic cell-mixed lymphocyte reaction (DC-MLR). T cells derived from nylon wool enrichment (NWT cells) demonstrated 15% (P = 0.006) and 10% (P = 0.0015) inhibition of proliferation with suboptimal doses of IL-10 (5 ng/ml) and CTLA4-Ig (20 ng/ml), respectively. Combined treatment with both agents resulted in 38% inhibition (P = 0.004) of the MLR response compared with untreated controls. In contrast to NWT cells, which consisted of CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ (NK) cells, purified CD4+ T cells were less responsive to immunomodulation by CTLA4-Ig and IL-10. Repletion of the CD4+ T cells with NK cells restored IL-10 and CTLA4-Ig mediated immunomodulation, suggesting a role for NK cells in the regulation of DC-T-cell interactions. The specific effect of NK cells on DC activation was demonstrated by CD80 up-regulation on DCs in the absence of T cells. However, in the absence of DCs, NK cells augmented the proliferation of autologous CD4+ T cells stimulated by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), which was blocked by CTLA4-Ig. It is proposed that, in the MLR, immunomodulation by suboptimal CTLA4-Ig and IL-10 is influenced by cellular interactions of NK cells with DCs and T cells involving DC lysis and costimulation. Thus, NK cells prime both DCs and T cells to low doses of CTLA4-Ig and IL-10 during alloimmune responses, providing evidence for the potential interaction between innate and adaptive immunity.