武警某部医院护士职业倦怠状态的调查分析

目的 了解武警某部医院护士职业倦怠的状况.方法 便利抽取武警某部医院护士126名作为主要研究对象,便利抽取地方某二级甲等医院各科室护士142名作为对比研究对象.采用Maslach职业调查通用量表(MBI-GS)进行调查.结果 武警某部医院护士在情绪衰竭和情感疏离维度上存在中等程度的倦怠水平,但在低自我价值感维度上未达到倦怠水平.在低自我价值感维度上,部队医院护士倦怠水平低于地方护士(P＜0.05);而在情感疏离维度上,部队护士倦怠水平高于地方护士(P＜0.05).不同岗位、工龄、职称的部队医院护士职业倦怠比较,差异有统计学意义;临床科护士在情绪衰竭和情感疏离维度上的倦怠水平高于非临床科室(P＜0.05);在低个人成就感维度上,小于5年工龄的护士职业倦怠水平高于其他工龄组的护士(P＜0.05);在情感衰竭及低自我价值感维度上,初级职称的护士职业倦怠水平高于高级职称的护士(P＜0.05).结论 针对武警部队医院护士职业倦怠水平的状况,应该有针对性地采取干预措施解决护士的职业倦怠问题,从而提高护士的心理健康水平.     

Burnout and its correlates among nursing staff: questionnaire survey

AIM: This paper is a report of a study to determine the burnout level and its correlates in nurses. BACKGROUND: Healthcare providers and especially nurses are generally considered a high risk group regarding work stress and burnout and this syndrome has been a major concern in the field of occupational health. METHOD: The study was carried out at a university hospital in Turkey during May-June 2005. A total of 418 nurses from the 474 working at the hospital at the time (88.2%) answered a self-administered questionnaire including the Maslach Burnout Inventory. FINDINGS: All the nurses were female, with a mean age of 30.6 (5.4) and a median age of 29 years. The mean score was 17.99(6.35) for the Emotional Exhaustion subscale, 5.72 (3.87) for the Depersonalization subscale and 19.83 (4.66) for the Personal Accomplishment subscale. Emotional Exhaustion decreased with increasing age (P < 0.05). Total time in the job, weekly working hours, shift-working and the unit where employed influenced burnout scores (P < 0.05). Not being happy with relations with superiors, not finding the job suitable, feeling anxious about the future, perceived poor health, problems with personal life and financial difficulties were also factors influencing burnout scale scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to consider nurses having the characteristics shown as the correlates of burnout in this study as a target group, to screen periodically the burnout status and improve their working conditions, especially relationships with colleagues.     

急诊护士工作疲溃感及应对方式调查分析

目的:调查急诊护士的工作疲溃感情况,探讨工作疲溃感与应对方式及其他因素的关系,为减轻急诊护士的工作疲溃感,提高工作效率及护理质量提供依据。方法:使用Maslach工作疲溃感量表和简易应对方式问卷对北京市4家县级医院107名急诊护士进行问卷调查。结果:急诊护士的工作疲溃感处于中高度耗竭。积极应对方式与情绪枯竭(EE)、去人格化倾向(DP)呈负相关,与个人成就感(PA)呈正相关;消极应对方式与情绪枯竭(EE)呈正相关;健康状况、家庭支持、工作态度与情绪枯竭(EE)和去人格化倾向(DP)呈负相关;工作态度与个人成就感(PA)呈正相关。结论:护理管理者要重视并采取措施降低急诊护士的工作疲溃感,急诊护士应在生活和工作中采取积极应对策略以减轻疲溃感。     

手术室护士工作疲溃感的调查与分析

目的探讨手术室护士的工作疲溃感的情况,为护理管理者减轻护士的工作疲溃感、提高工作效率及护理质量提供依据。方法使用Maslach工作疲溃感量表对100名手术室护士进行调查。结果手术室护士的工作疲溃感处于中高度耗竭,表现为情绪疲溃感和工作冷漠感为中度耗竭,而个人成就感处于高度耗竭。手术室护士工作疲溃感的程度高于普通病房的护士。结论护理管理者要重视手术室护士的工作疲溃感,从管理和个人角度减少或消除手术室护士的工作压力源,减轻工作疲溃感,提高护理服务质量。     

妇产科护士工作倦怠现象的调查

目的了解妇产科护士工作倦怠现状,为改善护士身心健康、提高护士工作质量提供参考依据。方法采用护士工作倦怠量表调查三明市118名妇产科护士,并分析其工作倦怠水平。结果妇产科护士情感耗竭得分较Maslach常模高,而去人格化、个人成就感得分较Maslach常模低（P〈0．01）;初级职称护士、合同制护士工作倦怠分别较中级职称、编制内护士明显（P〈0．05）;已婚护士情感耗竭的维度高于未婚护士（P〈0．01）,而去人格化和个人成就感的维度虽高于未婚护士,但两组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论医院管理者应高度关注妇产科护士群体的工作倦怠现象,给予人性化管理,以利于护理质量的提高。     

Burnout in occupational therapists

Burnout is a job-related condition involving feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981a) is the instrument most widely used to measure job-related stress in human service professions, such as occupational therapy. This study explored the application of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for use with occupational therapists. The subjects were 99 registered occupational therapists residing in the southeastern United States. Mean scores lower than the aggregate occupational norms provided by the test's authors on the Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization subscales supported the need to develop specific norms for occupational therapists. Results of this study indicate that use of the aggregate norms would underestimate the level of experienced burnout. Correlational analyses delineated significant relationships between age and Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, education and Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, years of work as an occupational therapist and Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment, years in the present position and Personal Accomplishment (intensity only), hours of direct patient contact and Emotional Exhaustion (intensity only), and hours of direct patient contact and Depersonalization (frequency only). These correlates of burnout furnish clues for understanding the development of work-related stress in occupational therapists.     

我院急诊科护士职业倦怠现状调查

目的了解我院急诊科护士的职业倦怠状况。方法采用问卷调查法，对我院64名急诊科护士及256名其他科室护士的职业倦怠状况进行调查。结果急诊科护士与其他科室护士相比，在情感耗竭、去人性化和个人成就感降低3个维度上得分较高，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论急诊科护士的职业倦怠程度较为严重，需要采取多种措施改变这种状况。     

STAFF BURNOUT AND ABSENTEEISM THROUGH SERVICE TRANSITION: FROM HOSPITAL TO HOSTEL

Residential nursing staff were asked to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) each month for a total of six months throughout a service transition involving the move of a group of men with profound learning disabilities, some with additional challenging behaviours, from two hospital wards to a community-living orientated hostel. The MBI was used to measure the effect on staff of the intense reorganisation in their working environment. Significant increases in Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalisation, and a (non significant) decrease in Personal Accomplishment were found during the transition. Levels reverted to baseline following the move, but burnout remained above the mean of a previously published study, for two of the three dimensions. Levels of absenteeism largely mirrored the pattern of the MBI scores, with a one-month lapse between high burnout and high absenteeism, supporting previous research indicating an association between the two.     

Relationships between stressors, work supports, and burnout among cancer nurses

This pilot study investigated the relationships between stressors, work supports, and burnout among cancer nurses. One hundred and one registered nurses, employed at a major specialist oncology, metropolitan Australian hospital, completed self-report questionnaires measuring these constructs and provided responses to open-ended questions. The 50 listed stressors were experienced as sources of stress by more than 50% of the sample; most work support came from peers, rather than supervisor and organizational supports; and the overall level of burnout for the sample was moderate to low. Significant positive correlations were found between Stressors and the Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and a significant weak positive correlation between Peer Support and Personal Accomplishment (intensity). Findings are discussed in relation to developing strategies for reducing stress and burnout among cancer nurses, and directions for further study are suggested.     

Mediación de la resiliencia entre burnout y salud en el personal de Enfermería

AimsTo determine the relationships between 3 burnout dimensions (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Reduced Personal Accomplishment), health (physical and mental health), and resilience, as well as to analyse the mediator role of resilience in relationships between burnout and health in a sample of Nursing staff.MethodA correlational and cross-sectional study with probabilistic sampling was conducted on a sample of 194 Nursing staff of University Hospital of Fuenlabrada (Madrid), and composed of nurses (n = 133) and nursing assistants (n = 61). Instruments: MBI-HSS (burnout syndrome), SF-12v1 (physical and mental components of health), 10-Item CD-RISC (resilience), and sociodemographic variables.ResultsCorrelational analyses showed that mental health was negatively related with 3 burnout dimensions and positively with resilience. Furthermore, physical health was only negatively related with Emotional Exhaustion, and positively with resilience. Mediational analyses revealed that resilience mediated, on one hand, the relationship between Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization with mental health (partial mediation) and, on the other hand, the relationship between Reduced Personal Accomplishment and mental health (total mediation).ConclusionsResilience is not only important to improve the mental health of Nursing staff, but also to buffer and minimize the negative consequences of the occupational stress to which they are at risk, with its most adverse result being signs of burnout. Therefore, resilience training should be promoted to improve nursing clinical practice.     

Burnout in hospital nurses: a comparison of internal, surgery, psychiatry and burns wards

Introduction:  Burnout is a phenomenon in which the cumulative effects of a stressful work environment gradually overwhelm the defenses of staff members, forcing them to withdraw psychologically. This study compared the levels of burnout among nurses in different nursing specialties.
Materials and methods:  The sample of the study consisted of all the nurses working in all public hospitals in Shiraz, Iran who were graduates of either technological educational institutions or universities and had experienced clinical nursing practice for at least 1 year. Using Maslach Burnout Inventory and General Health Questionnaire (28-item version), we identified the psychiatric morbidity and burnout among nurses.
Results:  Study results indicated that nurses of psychiatry wards showed significantly higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in comparison with nurses working in other wards, and burn wards nurses showed significantly higher levels of personal accomplishment. Also, nurses who were single were more emotionally exhausted.
Conclusion:  Different clinical working environments appear to have an impact on the development of nurses' burnout.     

Prevalence of burnout in mental health nurses in China: A meta-analysis of observational studies

ObjectiveBurnout is common in mental health nurses because of work-related stress. Burnout has a negative impact on nurses' health and work performance. The prevalence of high burnout in mental health nurses has been inconclusive across studies. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of high burnout in mental health nurses in China.MethodsElectronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang and SinoMed) were independently and systematically searched from their commencement date up to 14 May 2018. Studies that reported the prevalence of any of the 3 burnout dimensions (high Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and low Personal Accomplishment (PA)) as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were included and analyzed using the random-effects model.ResultsA total of 19 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of high EE was 28.1% (95% CI: 20.4–35.8%), DP was 25.4% (18.1–32.6%) and low PA was 39.7% (28.3–51.1%). Subgroup analyses found that short working experience, use of MBI-Human Services Survey (HSS), and younger age had moderating effects on prevalence of high burnout.ConclusionsBurnout is common in mental health nurses in China. Considering its negative impact on health and work performance, regular screening, preventive measures and effective interventions should be implemented.     

精神科与综合科护士工作倦怠及心理健康状况研究

目的通过对精神科与综合科护士工作倦怠和心理健康状况的比较,为制订预防、干预措施、提高护理质量提供依据。方法采用护士工作倦怠量表、症状自评量表对165名精神科护士和145名综合科护士进行调查,并分析其工作倦怠水平与心理健康状况。结果精神科护士情感耗竭、去人格化因子分均低于综合科护士（P〈0．01）,个人成就感因子得分二者差异无统计学意义。精神科护士心理健康水平略高于综合科护士,强迫症状、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性因子得分差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论精神科护士工作倦怠、心理健康水平总体好于综合科护士。     

Predictors of Burnout in Children's Residential Treatment Center Staff

This study explored burnout among frontline staff within a children's residential treatment center (RTC) population. Data were collected from 375 full-time, frontline, children's RTC staff employed at 21 RTCs in Illinois. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), results indicated that frontline staff age, training, empathic concern, communicative responsiveness, neuroticism, extraversion, job satisfaction, and managerial support were associated with subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Further, burnout scores varied significantly at the provider level of analysis for the Emotional Exhaustion and Personal Accomplishment subscales of the MBI, lending support to the hypothesis that organizational variables may be associated with workers' burnout experiences. These findings have implications for personnel hiring, burnout prevention, and future research on the organizational correlates of burnout.     

Relationships among structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and burnout in registered staff nurses working in outpatient dialysis centers

This study explored relationships among structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and burnout in registered staff nurses working in outpatient hemodialysis settings. The sample consisted of 233 registered staff nurses. The Emotional Exhaustion Subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Conditions for Work Effectiveness II Questionnaire, and Psychological Empowerment Instrument were used to measure variables. Findings indicate that in this population of nurses, there is a significant inverse relationship between structured empowerment and burnout.     

陕西省公立医院护士职业倦怠现状及其影响因素调查分析

目的调查陕西省公立医院护士职业倦怠现状并分析其影响因素。方法2018年11月至2019年2月,采用分层整群抽样方法抽取陕西省22所公立医院2217名护士,采用职业倦怠量表调查护士职业倦怠情况。结果在情绪衰竭维度得分方面,不同医院等级、年龄、性别、工作年限、最高学历、科室护士的得分比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);工作年限20年以上、副主任护师职称及以上、急诊科及ICU护士更易出现情绪衰竭。在去人格化维度得分方面,不同医院等级、年龄、婚姻状况、工作年限、最高学历、职称、职务、科室护士的得分比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在个人成就感维度得分方面,不同年龄、婚姻状况、工作年限、职称、职务护士的得分比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),高职称、高职务护士在工作中更易获得个人成就感。结论陕西省公立医院护士普遍存在职业倦怠现象,其不仅危害护士的身心健康,还会影响工作效率和服务质量,医院应针对主要的影响因素采取积极措施,减轻护士职业压力。     

精神科护士情绪智力与职业倦怠的相关性

目的调查精神科护士情绪智力与职业倦怠现状,并分析其相关性。方法对113例精神科护士进行调查,内容包括一般情况表、情绪智力量表、职业倦怠量表。结果精神科护士总体情绪智力得分为(65.8±14.2)分,与文献报道公务员样本得分(68.4±12.5)分相当,差异无统计学意义(t=1.61,P=0.109 3)。有配偶的精神科护士总体情绪智力得分显著高于无配偶护士,差异具有统计学意义(t=5.17,P<0.01);不同年龄段、不同职称的护士其总体情绪智力得分比较差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为25.34、41.20,P均<0.01)。情感耗竭中度18.6%,高度31.0%;去人格化中度24.4%,高度9.7%;个人成就感中度23.9%,高度54.9%。精神科护士情感耗竭、去人格化与总体情绪智力呈负相关(r值分别为-0.25、-0.34,P<0.05或P<0.01);个人成就感与总体情绪智力呈正相关(r=0.41,P<0.01)。结论精神科护士总体情绪智力水平与公务员相当,婚姻、年龄段、职称高低对其具有影响。精神科护士存在职业倦怠,尤其个人成就感较低显著。情绪智力对职业倦怠有影响,情绪智力越高,职业倦怠程度越轻。     

Mindfulness and burnout among bedside registered nurses: A cross‐sectional study

Nursing is a high stress job, and burnout of nurses is of particular concern. The aim of this cross‐sectional survey study was to examine the relationship between mindfulness and burnout, and how the mindfulness facets vary in their associations with the different domains of burnout for Chinese nurses. A sample of registered bedside nurses working in a tertiary Chinese hospital (n = 763) was surveyed from February to June 2017 regarding mindfulness (i.e. acting with awareness, describing, and non‐judging of experiences), burnout (i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment), and sociodemographic and job‐related characteristics. Higher scores on the three facets of mindfulness were associated with less emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and acting with awareness showed the highest regression coefficients. Personal accomplishment was positively associated with acting with awareness and describing, whereas it was negatively related to non‐judging of experiences. Describing was the strongest facet associated with personal accomplishment. In conclusion, there were clearly correlations between mindfulness as a personal trait and burnout among Chinese bedside nurses. These findings suggest the potential benefits of tailored mindfulness‐based interventions in reducing nurse burnout in China.