老年妇科全麻腹腔镜手术患者术后肺部并发症危险因素分析及预测模型构建

目的 探讨老年妇科全麻腹腔镜手术患者术后肺部并发症(PPCs)的危险因素,并构建预测模型。方法 收集426例老年妇科全麻腹腔镜手术患者作为研究对象。收集资料,观察PPCs发生率,根据是否发生PPCs分为PPCs组(n=44)和非PPCs组(n=382例),比较两组资料的差异。采用Logistic回归分析危险因素,构建预测模型,绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC)。结果 426例患者中,44例发生PPCs, PPCs发生率为10.3%。PPCs组与非PPCs组在合并肺部疾病比例、低蛋白血症比例、保护性肺通气比例和神经肌肉阻滞(NMB)深度方面存在差异,PPCs组患者合并肺部疾病比例、低蛋白血症比例高于非PPCs组,保护性肺通气比例和深度NMB比例低于非PPCs组(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,合并肺部疾病(OR=2.341,95%CI 1.061～5.167)、低蛋白血症(OR=2.368,95%CI 1.122～4.999)是老年妇科全麻腹腔镜手术患者PPCs的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),保护性肺通气(OR=0.173,95%CI 0.079～0...     

冠状动脉搭桥术术后肺部并发症相关风险因子分析

目的:总结、分析冠状动脉搭桥(CABG)术术后肺部并发症相关风险因子,探讨肺部并发症的预防措施.方法:通过整理114份CABG病历,搜集围手术期相关风险因子和肺部并发症方面的资料,将病例按有无肺部并发症分为两组,进行回顾性病例对照研究.结果:CABG术后并发症中,发生肺部并发症者18例(15.79%),为第二位,仅次于心律失常.肺部并发症的风险预测因子有体重、吸烟、COPD、EF、NYHA分级＞Ⅱ级、CPB、转机时间、阻断时间、同期换瓣;其中COPD、EF、CPB、同期换瓣的影响最为明显.术后肺部并发症中,肺部感染最多见,有11例,发病率为9.65%.肺部感染相关风险因子有体重、吸烟、COPD、EF、NYHA分级＞Ⅱ级、CPB、转机时间、阻断时间;其中吸烟、COPD、CPB、转机时间有较强的预测性.肺间质水肿发病率为4.39%,其相关风险因子有COPD、肾功能不全、EF、NYHA分级＞Ⅱ级、麻醉时间、手术时间、CPB、转机时间、阻断时间、同期换瓣、室壁瘤切除.CPB下CABG组肺部并发症发病率高于不停跳CABG组.肺部并发症组NYHA分级程度高于对照组.结论:戒烟,改善心、肺功能,避免体外循环能减少CABG术后肺部并发症的发生.     

腹部手术后肺部并发症相关危险因素分析

目的研究腹部手术后肺部并发症(PPCs)发生的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析307例腹部手术的临床资料,对数据进行单因素分析,并选取有统计意义的因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果PPCs发生率13.36%。年龄大于65岁、存在肺外基础疾病、ASA分级高、血清白蛋白低、有吸烟史、存在COPD等肺部基础疾病、ECOG评分高、CURB-65评分高、血尿素氮高、上腹部手术、手术时间大于3小时为发生腹部手术后肺部并发症的危险因素(P0.05)。其中,前四项为独立危险因素。结论年龄、吸烟史、基础疾病、血清白蛋白、血尿素氮、手术部位、手术时间与腹部手术后肺部并发症的发生相关,ASA、ECOG和CURB-65评分高者,腹部手术后易发PPCs。     

老年腹部大手术患者术后肺部并发症及相关因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的分析老年腹部大手术患者术后肺部并发症发生情况及相关因素。方法回顾性分析北京医院实施老年大型腹部手术患者的临床资料,对患者术后肺部并发症发生率进行描述,采用Logistic回归分析术后肺部并发症发生的相关因素。结果最终纳入分析96例患者资料,老年腹部大手术术后肺部并发症发生率为53.1%(51/96);Logistic回归分析结果显示,腹腔镜手术(OR=0.293,95%CI:0.100~0.865,P=0.026)是肺部并发症发生的保护因素,而驱动压力>18 cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa)(OR=3.300,95%CI:1.148~9.434,P=0.027)和术中出血量>500 ml(OR=4.444,95%CI:1.091~18.180,P=0.037)是肺部并发症发生的危险因素。结论老年患者腹部大手术术后肺部并发症发生率值得关注,腹腔镜手术是术后肺部并发症发生的保护因素,而驱动压力>18 cmH2O和出血量>500 ml会增加肺部并发症发生的风险。     

术前雾化吸入氨溴索对老年人上腹开腹术后肺部并发症的影响

目的研究术前雾化吸入氨溴索对老年人上腹部手术后肺部并发症的影响。方法选择行上腹部手术患者122例,分为实验组和对照组,实验组术前3天开始行氨溴索雾化吸入,持续到术后第5天,对照组术后当天开始氨溴索雾化吸入,持续到术后第5天,观察两组患者肺功能、排痰情况及肺部并发症发生率。结果实验组术后肺功能情况好于对照组,术后肺部并发症发生率低于对照组。结论术前雾化吸入氨溴索有助于改善患者肺功能,减少肺部并发症的发生。     

预见性护理对糖尿病腹部手术患者依从性及术后并发症的影响

目的研究分析采用预见性护理对于糖尿病腹部手术患者的依从性和术后并发症的影响。方法选择该院2013年10月—2014年10月收治的糖尿病腹部手术患者90例作为研究对象,将所有患者按照数字随机法分为观察组和对照组,每组各45例。对照组患者采取常规护理方法,观察组患者采取预见性护理干预。对比观察两组患者依从性评分、健康教育评分、护理满意度评分以及并发症发生率情况。结果观察组的依从性评分、健康教育评分以及护理满意度评分均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者的并发症发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于糖尿病腹部手术患者采取预见性护理能够显著提高糖尿病相关知识的认知度,提高患者对于治疗护理的依从性,降低并发症发生率,值得临床推广。     

心脏外科术后肺部并发症危险因素分析

目的:分析心脏外科术后肺部并发症的围手术期危险因素及其影响。方法:分析1995年1月～2002年2月间连续2084例正中切口右房-升主动脉体外循环心脏外科手术术前、术中及术后相关因素,观察它们在围手术期肺部并发症中的作用。结果:共有136例肺部并发症(6.5%)。肺部并发症的术前危险因素包括女性(相对危险度OR=1.49)、吸烟(OR=1.64)、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(OR=2.36),术中危险因素包括应用冷心脏停搏液(OR=1.56),术后危险因素包括需要血管活性药物支持(OR=2.00)、2次开胸(OR=2.08)、主动脉内球囊反搏(OR=2.39)、胸腔积液(OR=2.63)、术后脑血管意外(OR=5.45)、膈神经损伤(OR=8.09)、以及术后肾功能衰竭需用肾透析(OR=12.87)。围手术期肺部并发症不是围手术期死亡的危险因素。结论:心脏外科术后多种围手术期危险因素增加术后肺部并发症的发生,特别是术后脑血管意外、膈神经损伤、以及肾功能衰竭需要肾透析对围手术期肺部并发症的发生影响最为明显。对此类患者需特别注意保护肺功能,以减少并发症的发生。围手术期肺部并发症不是围手术期死亡的危险因素。     

食管癌根治术后肺部感染预测模型的构建

目的 构建食管癌根治术后肺部感染的临床预测模型。方法 收集整理2015年1月至2021年1月在青海省人民医院胸外科行食管癌根治术患者的临床资料,将所有患者随机分为训练集和验证集。在训练集中,应用单因素Logstic回归初步筛选食管癌术后影响因素,基于初步筛选的结果,应用多因素Logstic回归模型构建食管癌术后肺部感染预测模型,并且构建诺莫图。应用ROC分析在验证集中验证该模型的预测效能。结果 本研究共收集126例食管癌术后的患者,其中训练集74例,验证集52例。单因素Logstic回归结果表明,吸烟(P=0.004)、合并糖尿病(P=0.007)、慢性呼吸系统疾病(P=0.014)、术后第一天CRP(P=0.009)和PCT(P=0.032)的升高与食管癌根治术后肺部感染密切相关。通过多因素Logstic回归得到术后肺部感染危险指数计算公式：术后感染危险指数=2.655×吸烟+3.009×合并糖尿病+1.244×合并慢性呼吸系统疾病+0.099×CRP+0.009×PCT-12.398。基于Logstic回归结果构建了诺莫图。验证集中验证结果表明,该模型在外部验证集中仍然具有良好的预...     

肺部感染并发脓毒症患者入院28 d内死亡预测模型的构建

目的 建立肺部感染并发脓毒症患者入院28 d内死亡的预测模型,以预测肺部感染并发脓毒症患者的院内预后。方法 收集徐州医科大学附属医院2017年1月—2021年12月入住ICU的肺部感染并发脓毒症患者（建模组）及2015年1月—2016年12月入住ICU的肺部感染并发脓毒症患者（验证组）的基线特征（年龄、身高、体质量、合并基础疾病种类）,生命体征（入ICU 24 h的平均动脉压、心率、呼吸频率、SpO2、体温）,实验室检查指标（入ICU 24 h内血气分析、电解质、肝肾功能、凝血功能、血常规）,器官功能状态评分（APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分）,治疗措施（是否镇静、呼吸支持、血管活性药物）及疾病转归情况等资料。对建模组所有患者上述资料进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,筛选出肺部感染并发脓毒症患者死亡的独立影响因素,建立回归方程即肺部感染并发脓毒症患者入院28 d内死亡预测模型（简称死亡预测模型）,利用R4.0. 3软件“rms”包将回归方程可视化为列线图。在验证组中,通过建立的死亡预测模型对患者入院28 d内死亡结局进行预测,并与临床常用的ICU预后评分如SOFA评分、APA...     

112例高龄患者合并肺部感染腹部手术临床对策分析

肺部感染是腹部外科手术治疗中最常见的并发症之一，不仅延长患者的恢复期，增加患者的经济负担，而且加重原发病，增加病死率。高龄患者腹部术后并发呼吸道感染则更为突出，因患者年龄高、体质减弱、抵抗力下降、全身各主要器官衰退，手术的麻醉问题、腹式呼吸受限、受凉、手术时间过长、胃肠减压管刺激等诸多因素的影响，肺部感染往往成为高龄患者腹部术后主要死亡原因。资料亦显示急诊或限期手术的高龄患者，如合并肺部感染手术后死亡率极高。本文拟分析高龄患者合并肺部感染腹部手术中的临床对策。     

Weakness of expiratory muscles and pulmonary complications in malnourished patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery

Background and objective: Malnutrition is prevalent in hospitalized patients and causes systemic damage including effects on the respiratory and immune systems, as well as predisposing to infection and increasing postoperative complications and mortality. This study aimed to assess the impact of malnutrition on the rate of postoperative pulmonary complications, respiratory muscle strength and chest wall expansion in patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery. Methods: Seventy‐five consecutive candidates for upper abdominal surgery (39 in the malnourished group (MNG) and 36 in the control group (CG)) were enrolled in this prospective controlled cohort study. All patients were evaluated for nutritional status, respiratory muscle strength, chest wall expansion and lung function before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, atelectasis and acute respiratory failure) before discharge from hospital were also evaluated. Results: The MNG showed expiratory muscle weakness (MNG 65 ± 24 vs CG 82 ± 22 cm H₂O; P < 0.001) and decreased chest wall expansion (P < 0.001), whereas inspiratory muscle strength and lung function were preserved (P > 0.05). The MNG also had a higher incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications compared with the CG (31% and 11%, respectively; P = 0.05). In addition, expiratory muscle weakness was correlated with BMI in the MNG (r = 0.43; P < 0.01). The association between malnutrition and expiratory muscle weakness increased the likelihood of postoperative pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery (P = 0.02). Conclusions: These results show that malnutrition is associated with weakness of the expiratory muscles, decreased chest wall expansion and increased incidence of pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery.     

老年肝胆外科手术患者术后肺部并发症与膈肌功能的相关性

目的 分析老年肝胆外科手术患者术后肺部并发症(PPCs)与膈肌功能的关系。方法 收集解放军总医院第二医学中心综合外科行肝胆外科手术的16例老年患者的临床资料。根据术后是否出现肺部并发症分为PPCs组(6例)和非PPCs组(10例)。应用床旁超声分别于术前1天、术后当天、术后第1天、术后第3天及术后第7天监测患者右侧膈肌移动度(DE)。比较2组患者术前DE、术后最小DE、ΔDE、手术时间及手术方式的差异。采用SPSS 23.0统计软件进行数据分析。采用多因素logistic回归分析影响PPCs的危险因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价其对PPCs的预测价值。结果 2组患者术前DE及手术方式比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。与非PPCs组相比,PPCs组患者手术时间更长[(247.500±68.099)和(162.300±66.111)min]、术后最小DE更小[(1.071±0.202)和(1.414±0.236)cm]、ΔDE更大[(0.536±0.106)和(0.343±0.139)cm],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,手术时间及术后最小DE是影响PPCs的独立危险因素。手术时间及术后最小DE预测PPCs的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.825(95%CI 0.670～0.980)和0.867(95%CI 0.693～0.974),最佳截断点分别为210min和1.19cm,灵敏度分别为83.33%和90.00%,特异度分别为80.00％和83.33％。结论 术后膈肌功能下降及长时间手术是影响老年肝胆外科手术患者PPCs的危险因素,可通过膈肌超声监测膈肌功能对PPCs进行预测。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层弓部手术后脑部并发症的危险因素分析

目的 探讨Stanford A型主动脉夹层弓部手术后脑部并发症的发病情况及其危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2014年6月～2016年3月216例Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术患者的临床资料。其中男139例,女77例;年龄27～68岁,平均(46.8±11.1)岁。术后脑部并发症包括：永久性神经系统功能不全（PND)和短暂性神经系统功能不全（TND)。依据术后是否发生脑部并发症分为并发症组和无并发症组。对术前、术中、术后与脑部并发症发生可能相关的危险因素进行分析。比较两组患者的呼吸机辅助时间、ICU滞留时间、住院时间、二次插管率和住院死亡率。结果 术后发生脑部并发症共61例（28.2%）,其中PND8例（3.7%）,TND53例（24.5%）;出现脑部并发症组死亡10例,无并发症组死亡5例,总的住院病死率7.87%(17/216)。两组患者呼吸机辅助时间、ICU滞留时间、住院时间、再次气管插管率和住院病死率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析中有统计学意义的因素包括年龄、高血压病史、脑卒中史、术前脑神经系统症状、急诊手术、术中低血压及血压波动、术中高血糖、主动脉阻断时间、深低温停循环时间、围术期输血量、术后低氧血症、肾功能不全、术后低心排综合症和急性感染;多因素Logistic回归分析显示：深低温停循环时间＞40min、术中平均动脉压波动＞30mmHg、输注红细胞＞1L、血肌酐＞2.1mg/dl和术后低心排综合症为脑部并发症的有意义的独立预测因素。结论 深低温停循环时间长、术中平均动脉压波动大、大量输注红细胞、肾功能不全和术后低心排血量综合症为Stanford A型主动脉夹层弓部手术后脑部并发症的有意义的独立预测因素。     

不同雾化吸入方案对老年腹部手术后肺部并发症影响的疗效观察

目的观察布地奈德混悬液联合氨溴索氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗老年腹部手术患者术后肺部行发症的效果,方法将2011年1月至2013年7月上海市安亭医院外科收治的老年腹部手术患者202例随机分为2组,每组101例所有患者均于气管内插管全凭静脉麻醉下行腹部手术治疗。治疗组采用布地奈德混悬液联合氨溴索雾化吸入,对照组采用地塞米松加糜蛋白酶、庆大霉素雾化吸入,记录和比较2组术后血常规、C反应蛋白（CRP）、血气分析、痰液量及患者的咳嗽咳痰症状评分。结果术后连续3d内2组的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例和CRP差异无统计学意义。术后第3天治疗组的氧分压高于对照组（P=0．000）,治疗组在痰液量、咳嗽咳痰症状改善方面优于对照组,治疗组的术后肺部并发症发病率（9．90％）比对照组（22．77％）低,两者差异有统计学意义（P=0．026）。结论布地奈德混悬液联合氨溴索雾化吸入治疗老年患者术后肺部并发症的效果优于传统的地塞米松加糜蛋白酶、庆大毒素。能改善患者术后咳嗽、咳痰症状,改善老年患者术后肺部氧合功能,能降低术后肺部行发症发病率,值得进一步推广。     

Surgical microbiology in risk patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Incidence of surgical infection is greater among elderly patients undergoing surgery than among the general population, with a serious compromise regarding morbidity and mortality in this group of patients with increased risk. AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine the microbiological features of surgical infections in patients over 65 years of age compared with those younger than 65. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over the past 2 years, 2,064 patients underwent surgery in our Department. One thousand three hundred sixty seven of those patients (66.7%) had 65 years of age or less and 688 (33.3%) were over 65. Patient characteristics regarding the type of surgery (degree of contamination) and the nature and type of the condition requiring surgery are reported. One hundred five hundred sixty two samples were submitted for microbiological study. The microbiological infectious pathogens and their characteristics were determined. The Chi-square test was used for the analysis of potential differences related to the age of the patient. RESULTS: The rate of samples sent for microbiological study is higher among patients over 65. In addition, these patients show both quantitative and qualitative differences in their infectious microbiological spectrum, mainly in clean-contaminated, contaminated and dirty surgical procedures. Fungal infections play a significant role in this group of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Facultative gram-negative bacilli, aerobic gram-positive cocci, and fungi are the main pathogens responsible of surgical infections in elderly patients, compared to all other patients, thus requiring specific antibiotic prophylactic and therapeutic regimes.     

Pain intensity and postoperative pulmonary complications among the elderly after abdominal surgery

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether postoperative pain intensity differs between elderly abdominal surgery patients in whom postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) develop and those in whom they do not. METHODS: The exploratory secondary analysis of data from a prospective study of risk factors for PPC had a convenience sample of 86 patients (> or =60 years old) after abdominal surgery at 3 Midwestern hospitals. Daily measurements from postoperative day (POD) 1 to 6 included: pain (rated 0 to 10) at rest, with coughing, deep breathing, movement and walking, and frequency of ambulation. RESULTS: Sixteen subjects (18.6%) had a PPC develop. Subjects with PPCs had higher mean pain intensities on all measures on each POD than those without. Those with PPCs had significantly higher pain intensities at rest on POD4 (P = .010), with deep breathing on POD2 (P = .015), POD4 (P = .009), POD5 (P = .006), and POD6 (P = .009), were up to a chair significantly fewer times on POD2 (P = .043), and walked significantly fewer times on POD5 (P = .002) and POD6 (P = .000) than those without PPCs. Length of stay for those with PPCs (mean, 17.9 days; standard deviation, 15.9 days; median, 10.0 days) was significantly longer than for those without PPCs (mean, 8.5 days; standard deviation, 4.8 days; median, 7.0 days; P = .000). CONCLUSION: Results provide support for viewing pain as a factor that contributes to the development of PPCs among the elderly population after abdominal surgery. Therefore, nursing interventions of pain assessment and management, deep breathing, and ambulation may influence the incidence of this outcome.     

Effect of early mobilization on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery on the esophagus

Background

Esophagectomy performed via thoracotomy is associated with a high rate of postoperative pulmonary complications. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery at the esophagus (VATS-E) can reduce the rate of postoperative pulmonary complications. VATS-E is being increasingly implemented owing to its benefits. This procedure makes early patient mobilization possible, because there is minimal thoracic wall invasion, and thus, less postoperative pain. This study aimed to identify the efficacy of early mobilization in patients undergoing VATS-E.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the patients who underwent VATS-E between November 2008 and October 2016. All the patients underwent preoperative physiotherapy and postoperative early mobilization for standard perioperative management. We examined the relation between early mobilization and the factors affecting postoperative pulmonary complications and the duration of physiotherapy with regard to the surgical outcome of VATS-E.

Results

A total of 118 patients who underwent VATS-E were assessed. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary atelectasis decreased with early mobilization, and earlier mobilization was associated with a better decrease (P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified the percentage of volume capacity [odds ratio (OR) 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–0.99] and initial walking (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.40–2.48) as independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary atelectasis. In addition, the presence or absence of atelectasis was found to reduce the necessary period of physiotherapy (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our results indicated that early mobilization reduces the incidence of postoperative pulmonary atelectasis, which may also contribute to early recovery in patients who undergo VATS-E.

     

The prediction of cardiac risk in patients undergoing vascular surgery

In an attempt to determine whether noninvasive cardiac testing could be used to assess cardiac risk in patients undergoing surgery for vascular disease, the authors studied 96 patients. Seventy-seven patients eventually underwent major vascular surgery with 11 (14%) experiencing a significant cardiac complication. Thallium imaging was much more likely to be positive (p less than 0.01) in patients with a cardiac complication; however, there was a significant number of patients with cardiac complications who had a positive history or electrocardiogram for myocardial infarction. When grouped by complication and history of infarction, thallium imaging, if negative, correctly predicted low cardiac risk in the group with a history of infarction. Thallium imaging, however, did not provide a clear separation of risk in those without a history of infarction. Age and coronary angiography, on the other hand, did reveal significant differences within the group without a history of infarction. The resting radionuclide ejection fraction followed a similar pattern to thallium imaging. It is concluded that a positive history of myocardial infarction at any time in the past is the strongest risk predictor in this population and that the predictive value of noninvasive testing is dependent on this factor. Considering these findings, a proposed scheme for assessing risk that will require further validation is presented.