喀什小檗果实水提物对大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒张作用

目的研究喀什小檗果实水提物对SD大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒张作用。方法采用离体血管灌流实验方法,观察喀什小檗果实水提物(10～5 000 mg/L)对SD大鼠离体胸主动脉环张力的影响。结果喀什小檗果实水提物对内皮完整和去内皮的离体血管环均有浓度依赖性的舒张作用,当质量浓度在1000～5 000 mg/L时差异有统计学意义(P0. 01)。结论喀什小檗果实水提物具有非内皮依赖性的舒张血管作用。     

槲皮苷对家兔离体主动脉环的作用及其机制探讨

目的 研究槲皮苷对家兔离体主动脉环的作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制.方法 采用家兔离体主动脉环灌流模型,观察累积浓度的槲皮苷对基础状态和去甲肾上腺素(NE)预收缩血管环的作用,并观察不同抑制剂对槲皮苷舒张血管作用的影响.结果 槲皮苷(1×10-6～1×10-3 μmol/L)对基础状态内皮完整血管环的张力无影响;对NE预收缩的血管环,槲皮苷在累积浓度(1×10-4 ～1×10-3 μmoL/L)时能剂量依赖性和非内皮依赖性的舒张血管环,并且该作用能被MB预处理所抑制,但不能被L-NAME和Indo预处理所抑制.结论 槲皮苷(1×10-4～1×10-3 μmol/L)对主动脉具有非内皮依赖性的舒张作用,其舒张机制可能是通过直接激活血管平滑肌的鸟苷酸循环.     

小红参不同提取部位对大鼠离体主动脉环的影响

目的:筛选小红参不同提取物舒张大鼠离体主动脉环的活性强度,为进一步研究小红参抗心肌缺血的主要活性部位打基础.方法:用去甲肾上腺素(NE)诱导大鼠离体主动脉环收缩试验,观察小红参95%乙醇提取物对完整内皮和去内皮大鼠离体主动脉环的影响;用小红参石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水4个不同部位进行对完整内皮和去内皮大鼠离体主动脉环的影响,进一步筛选其活性主要部位.结果:小红参95%乙醇提取物各浓度均可舒张完整内皮组和去内皮组由NE诱导大鼠主动脉环,经组间配对比较,对完整内皮组舒张作用较强,并有一定的剂量依赖性;小红参石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇及水4个部位各浓度均可舒张完整内皮组动脉环,并有一定的剂量相关性,其中乙酸乙酯部位舒张效应明显强于其它3个部位.结论:经初步筛选,小红参乙酸乙酯部位有较强的舒张血管活性,可进一步进行其抗心肌缺血的活性研究.     

大黄素对大鼠体外血管内皮一氧化氮cGMP信号途径的影响

目的探讨大黄素的舒血管效应与血管内皮一氧化氮cGMP信号途径的关系.方法采用MedLab生物信号采集系统记录灌流大鼠胸主动脉环张力变化;用硝酸还原酶法测定大黄素处理后离体大鼠主动脉血管的总一氧化氮合酶（tNOS）、结构型一氧化氮合酶（cNOS）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）活性的变化.结果大黄素对苯肾上腺素和氯化钾预收缩的内皮完整和去内皮血管环具有浓度依赖性的舒张作用.非特异性钾通道抑制剂氯化铯预处理能显著减弱大黄素对去内皮血管环的舒血管作用,但未能抑制大黄素对内皮完整血管环的舒血管作用.用一氧化氮合酶（NOS）抑制剂L-NAME和鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂ODQ预处理后,40μmol/L大黄素引起的血管舒张作用被部分阻断,其血管舒张幅度分别为对照的（64.76±13.73）%和（6.28±4.79）%.40 μmol/L大黄素处理能够使血管iNOS的活性显著升高.结论大黄素的内皮依赖性舒血管作用可能通过激活血管内皮细胞中一氧化氮/cGMP信号途径而实现.     

和血生络法对大鼠离体胸主动脉环舒张作用及机制的探讨

目的观察"和血生络法"对血管舒张功能的影响,并探讨其机制。方法检测和血生络方对NE、KCl、普萘洛尔、L-NAME、MB及IM预处理内皮完整和(或)去内皮主动脉环的影响。结果对主动脉环基础张力的无明显影响。对KCl、普萘洛尔预收缩去内皮主动脉环张力无明显作用。对NE预收缩内皮完整和去内皮主动脉环均有明显舒张作用。对L-NAME、MB预处理内皮完整主动脉环舒张作用明显减弱;对IM预处理内皮完整主动脉环舒张作用无明显影响。结论和血生络法通过内皮依赖性及非内皮依赖性两方面实现血管舒张作用。NO-sGC-cGMP途径可能介导了内皮依赖性舒血管作用。非内皮依赖性血管舒张作用与抑制电压依赖性钙通道无关,亦与β2受体无关。     

金丝桃苷对离体大鼠腹主动脉的舒张作用及其机制研究

目的研究金丝桃苷对离体大鼠腹主动脉环的舒张作用并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法在大鼠离体腹主动脉环上,分别观察累积浓度的金丝桃苷(1×10-6.5~1×10-4mol/L)对KCl(30mmol/L)和U46619(血栓素类似物,1×10-7mol/L)预收缩血管环的作用。结果金丝桃苷能够浓度依赖性舒张由KC1和U46619预收缩的血管环,最大舒张率分别为(52.2±7.2)%、(80.7±4.1)%;去除血管内皮后,最大舒张率分别降为(15.4±1.2)%、(21.6±1.2)%,与内皮完整组比较有显著差异(P0.01)。在30mmol/L KCl和1×10-7mol/L U46619预收缩的内皮完整血管环,用一氧化氮(NO)合酶抑制剂(L-NAME,3×10-4mol/L)预温育后,金丝桃苷的最大舒张率分别降为(23.0±3.0)%、(40.3±3.6)%,与未加L-NAME组比较有显著差异(P0.01);用环氧酶抑制剂吲哚美辛(1×10-5mol/L)预温育对金丝桃苷的舒张血管作用没有明显的影响;在U46619预收缩的血管环,合用L-NAME和吲哚美辛不能完全阻断金丝桃苷引起的血管舒张,最大舒张率为(36.6±1.9)%,与去内皮组比较差异显著(P0.01)。结论金丝桃苷具有内皮依赖性和较弱的非内皮依赖性血管舒张作用,其内皮依赖性血管舒张可能涉及到内皮NO和内皮依赖性超极化因子(endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor,EDHF)的释放。     

白藜芦醇对大鼠腹主动脉的舒张作用及其机制探讨

目的:研究白藜芦醇(RVT)对大鼠腹主动脉离体血管的舒张作用特点并探讨其机制。方法:用常规离体血管灌流法灌流大鼠腹主动脉环,测定血管环张力的变化。结果:①白藜芦醇以浓度依赖性舒张NE引起的内皮完整与去内皮血管环收缩,最大舒张幅度分别为(89.5±6.6)%,(60.6±6.3)%,两组各浓度下对应舒张百分比比较,均有显著性差异(n=6,P<0.05)。②在高钾所致的主动脉环收缩反应中,RVT呈浓度依赖性舒张KCl引起的内皮完整的血管环收缩,最大舒张幅度为(80.1±8.3)%;RVT在浓度低于10-5mol/L时对去内皮血管环无明显舒张作用,10-4mol/L RVT可使去内皮血管环达到最大舒张,舒张幅度为(54.2±7.7)%(n=6,P<0.05),RVT在累积浓度大于7×10-5mol/L时,可使去内皮血管环最大舒张(n=6,P<0.05)。③RVT能够拮抗NE诱发的依赖于内钙的收缩反应,而对外钙所致收缩无抑制。结论:白藜芦醇对NE和高钾所致的大鼠离体腹主动脉环的收缩具有舒张作用,既有内皮依赖性又有非内皮依赖性的舒血管效应,其机制可能与内皮依赖性舒血管物质和直接抑制PLC/IP3传导途径,促进内钙释放有关。     

芦丁对离体大鼠主动脉环的舒张作用及相关机制

 目的研究芦丁对离体大鼠胸主动脉环收缩张力的作用及其可能作用途径。方法采用累积加药法,检测芦丁对去氧肾上腺素(PE)预收缩的胸主动脉环收缩张力的影响,研究芦丁对血管张力的影响及其机制。结果芦丁(10～160μmol·L^-1)对内皮完整的离体大鼠胸主动脉环具有浓度依赖性舒张作用。芦丁对内皮完整的胸主动脉环的最大舒张反应(R_max)为(44.28±7.48)%。用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME,0.1 mmol·L^-1)、鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝(10μmol·L^-1)和环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚美辛(10 mmol·L^-1)预处理后,均可明显减弱芦丁诱导的舒张血管作用;用β受体阻断剂普萘洛尔(10μmol·L^-1)预处理后,芦丁的血管舒张作用不能被阻断。结论芦丁可能是通过NO-鸟苷酸环化酶途径和前列腺素介导机制产生内皮依赖性的血管舒张作用。     

金鸡菊对大鼠主动脉的舒张作用及钾通道机制

目的:研究金鸡菊(Coreopsis tinctoria Nuff.)乙醇提取物对离体血管平滑肌张力影响,同时探讨其作用机制。方法:采用大鼠离体胸主动脉灌流,应用金鸡菊提取物(0.25、0.50、0.75和1.00 mg/ml)记录张力变化,观测其对Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠离体胸主动脉环的作用,L-NAME及不同钾通道阻滞剂的影响。结果:金鸡菊提取物0.50¹.00 mg/ml对氯化钾(60 mmol/L)和苯肾上腺素(0.3μmol/L)预收缩的血管环具有浓度依赖的舒张作用,对内皮完整和去内皮血管环舒张作用无差异,该舒张作用为非内皮依赖性。在KCl预收缩基础上,加入一氧化氮合酶抑制剂(L-NAME,100μmol/L)和内向整流钾通道阻断剂钾通道阻断剂氯化钡(BaCl2,30μmol/L)均不能抑制金鸡菊提取物提取物的舒血管效应,非选择性钾通道阻断剂(TEA,10mmol/L)、电压依赖性钾通道阻断剂四氨基吡啶(4-AP,1 mmol/L)、ATP敏感钾通道阻断剂(Gli,10μmol/L)及大电导激活钾通道阻断剂(IbTX,100 nmol/L)能抑制金鸡菊提取物提取物对血管的舒张作用。结论:金鸡菊提取物提取物舒张血管的作用具有浓度依赖性,其作用机制可能与激活KATP、BKca和Kv有关。     

厚朴叶对家兔离体主动脉环张力的影响及其机制研究

目的研究厚朴叶对家兔离体主动脉环张力的作用,并探讨其可能机制。方法采用离体血管环灌流模型,观察厚朴叶不同提物对基础状态家兔离体血管环张力的影响。结果厚朴叶70%乙醇总提取物和三氯甲烷萃取物对内皮完整和去除内皮的家兔离体动脉环有收缩作用,并呈现一定的剂量依赖性,二者的收缩作用可被10-5mol.L-1维拉帕米和酚妥拉明阻断。结论厚朴叶总提取物和三氯甲烷萃取物对主动脉有非内皮依赖的收缩作用,其收缩机制可能是通过激活α受体,使Ca2+通道开放,细胞内Ca2+浓度增加而引起血管收缩。     

The Lignan (‐)‐Cubebin Inhibits Vascular Contraction and Induces Relaxation Via Nitric Oxide Activation in Isolated Rat Aorta

Cubebin, the most abundant lignan in Piper cubeba, has been described as having several effects as trypanocidal, antimycobacterial, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and analgesic. This study investigated the vasorelaxant effect produced by (‐)‐cubebin in isolated rat aortic rings pre‐contracted with phenylephrine (Phe), and the possible mechanism involved in this event was evaluated. Endothelium‐dependent relaxation was evoked by acetylcholine and (‐)‐cubebin in intact aortic rings, while endothelium‐independent vasorelaxation was elicited by sodium nitroprusside and (‐)‐cubebin in denuded rings. Cumulative concentration–response curves for Phe (10^?10–10^?5 M) were determined for endothelium‐intact and endothelium‐denuded aortic rings in either the presence or absence of (‐)‐cubebin. Dose–response curves were also constructed for pre‐incubation of vascular rings with Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) (a non‐specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), indomethacin (an unspecific cyclooxygenase inhibitor), and 1H‐[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ) (a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor). (‐)‐Cubebin was found to exert a vasorelaxant effect irrespective of the presence of endothelium, which was abolished by pretreatment with L‐NAME and ODQ, but not with indomethacin. In addition, (‐)‐cubebin was able to reduce Phe contraction in the case of intact rings. These results suggest that (‐)‐cubebin promotes vasorelaxation via NO/cGMP pathway in rat aorta, without prostacyclin involvement. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Procyanidin-rich fractions from Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) leaves cause redox-sensitive endothelium-dependent relaxation involving NO and EDHF in porcine coronary artery

Aim of the study

Parkia biglobosa leaves are traditionally used as an antihypertensive agent in Benin. The present study assessed the vasorelaxant activity of different Parkia biglobosa leaf extracts using isolated porcine coronary artery rings.

Materials and methods

A hydroalcoholic leaf extract was submitted to a multi-step liquid-liquid fractionation with solvents of increasing polarity and the polyphenolic content of the different fractions was analyzed. Vascular reactivity of the different extracts was assessed using porcine coronary artery rings, in the presence or absence of specific pharmacological inhibitors.

Results

The hydroalcoholic, ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts contained mainly procyanidins and monomeric flavonoids. Parkia biglobosa leaf crude extract induced a redox-sensitive endothelium-dependent relaxation mediated by both nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). The fractionation of the butanolic extract generated 6 fractions, two of which induced stronger vasorelaxation than the original extract and they had a higher phenolic content.

Conclusions

Parkia biglobosa leaf extract is able to induce endothelium-dependent NO- and EDHF-mediated relaxation in porcine coronary artery rings. The vasorelaxant activity is dependent on their phenolic content and appears to involve mainly procyanidins.     

Vascular effects and antioxidant activity of two Combretum species from Democratic Republic of Congo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Combretum racemosum P. Beauv (Combretaceae) leaves (CrLv) and root bark (CrRB) and Combretum celastroides subsp. laxiflorum Welw (Combretaceae) leaves (ClLv) are used in Congolese traditional medicine for several therapeutic purposes, notably for the treatment of conditions consistent with hypertension. The present study aims to investigate the vasorelaxant and in vitro antioxidant activities of these plants polar extracts and to examine the in vivo antihypertensive effect of the extract which displays the most potent vasorelaxant effect.

Material and methods

The vasorelaxant effect of CrLv, CrRB and ClLv methanolic extracts was studied on rat aorta rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE, 1 μM) in the presence or absence of the endothelium. In some experiments, prior to the addition of the extract, rings were incubated for 30 min with either L-N^G-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 μM), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, indomethacin (10 μM), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, or 1 H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 10 μM), a guanylate cyclase inhibitor. The antioxidant activity was determined by the measurement of the scavenging ability of extracts towards the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Blood pressure was measured on normotensive Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated orally with a daily dose (40 mg/kg) of the CILv extract for 5 weeks. Tested extracts have been characterised by TLC profiles targeted at flavonoids.

Results

All tested extracts showed an important DPPH scavenging activity, ranging from 0.6 to 1.1 quercetin-equivalents. They caused a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation on intact aortic rings pre-contracted with PE (1 μM). The responses to CrRB and CrLv methanolic extracts reached 74.0±5.1% and 62.2±8.6% at a cumulative concentration of 50 μg/ml, respectively. The ClLv (10 μg/ml) extract was more active and, in the same conditions, relaxed aortic rings by 90.3±5.8%. The vasorelaxant activity of all extracts disappeared or was significantly attenuated by removal of the endothelium or after pretreatment with L-NAME or ODQ. Indomethacin only inhibited the activity of CrLv and CrRB extracts. The ClLv extract was able to lower the systolic blood pressure in SHR rats by 7% after a 5-week treatment.

Conclusions

The present study shows that methanolic extracts from ClLv, CrRB and CrLv have an antioxidant activity and an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect. ClLv induces the vasorelaxant effect through the NO-cGMP pathway while CrLv and CrRB extracts also act via a prostanoid pathway. ClLv extract demonstrated a modest but significant antihypertensive activity in SHR rats.     

玄参提取物舒张血管作用及机制研究

目的观察玄参提取物(extract from scrophulariae,radix,ES)血管舒张作用及其机制。方法采用大鼠离体血管环功能实验装置,记录张力变化,每组血管来自6只同批大鼠,分别保留或去除内皮,各阻断剂预处理25 min后做ES舒张曲线;ES预处理10 min后做钙离子收缩曲线。结果玄参提取物(ES)(0.05 mg/L~2 000 mg/L)剂量依赖性地舒张苯肾上腺素(PE)预收缩的内皮完好或内皮去除大鼠胸主动脉环,在去除内皮前后最大舒张效应(E max)无显著性差异,分别为(78.29%±1.20%)和(76.89%±3.20%);亚硝基左旋精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)、吲哚美辛、普萘洛尔、鸟甘酸环化酶抑制剂(ODQ)预处理不能抑制ES的血管舒张效应;ES(500 mg/L)对血管紧张素Ⅱ、前列环素F2α、多巴胺、血管加压素收缩血管显示出抑制效应(P0.05),而对5-羟色胺、内皮素-1(ET-1)的收缩作用无影响;ES(1 000 mg/L)预处理可显著抑制无钙高钾液中由Ca2+内流引起的血管收缩(P0.05),ES(500 mg/L)预处理可抑制无钙液中PE血管收缩强度(P0.01);钾通道阻断剂四乙胺(TEA)3 mmol/L、BaCl20.1 mmol/L预处理可阻断ES血管舒张作用(P0.01),半数效应浓度EC50分别为TEA组(1 900 mg/L)、BaCl2组(1 400 mg/L)。结论 ES具有非内皮依赖性血管舒张作用,其机制与影响血管平滑肌上钾通道有关;部分与阻断钙通道,调节细胞内钙离子浓度相关。     

侧柏炭不同溶剂提取物对LPS诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的: 研究侧柏炭各溶剂提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)损伤的保护作用,探讨侧柏炭保护血管内皮细胞的有效提取物及其可能作用物质。 方法: 体外培养HUVECs,采用LPS诱导制备人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤模型。采用MTT比色法测定细胞活力、黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定细胞培养液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、TBA法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量、硝酸还原酶法测定一氧化氮(NO)含量,UPLC/Q-TOF-MS法分析侧柏炭各溶剂提取物中黄酮类成分的差异。 结果: 与模型组比较,正丁醇提取物(100 mg·L^-1)及乙酸乙酯提取物(100,50 mg·L^-1)可显著提高细胞活力(P<0.05),显著降低MDA,NO含量,提高SOD活性(P<0.05)。4个溶剂提取物中,乙酸乙酯提取物中的黄酮总量含量最高,水提取物中黄酮总量含量最低,正丁醇提取物中的黄酮总量与石油醚提取物相当,只是其所含的槲皮苷、杨梅苷含量仅次于乙酸乙酯提取物中的槲皮苷、杨梅苷含量。 结论: 侧柏炭乙酸乙酯提取物可显著拮抗LPS对HUVECs的损伤,为侧柏炭保护血管内皮细胞的最有效提取物,其所含的槲皮苷、杨梅苷或者多种黄酮类成分可能为其保护血管内皮细胞作用的活性物质,其机制可能与其能减少NO的产生,抑制细胞内脂质过氧化有关。     

Tannins and catechin gallate mediate the vasorelaxant effect of Arbutus unedo on the rat isolated aorta

This study examined the vascular effect of Arbutus leaves (aqueous extract) and described the isolation of several fractions responsible for their vasorelaxant activity. The aqueous extract (AE) of leaves was tested on rat aortic rings precontracted with 0.1 microm noradrenaline. At 10(-2) g/L, AE produced an endothelium dependent relaxation of 66% +/- 5%, (n = 8). The leaves of Arbutus were then extracted successively with different solvents and the methanol extract was the most active. When tannins (primarily condensed tannins) were precipitated from the methanol extract, they showed a strong vasorelaxant activity (87% +/- 4%, n = 5), whereas the elimination of tannins in the methanol extract reduced significantly its vasorelaxant activity (42% +/- 8%, n = 8, p < 0.005). The methanol extract was further separated semi-preparatively by reversed-phase HPLC. Four fractions (Fr2, Fr3, Fr4 and Fr6) were the most active and produced 88% +/- 2% (n = 5), 75% +/- 6% (n = 5), 76% +/- 3% (n = 7) and 77% +/- 3% (n = 10) relaxation, respectively. These four fractions mainly correspond to polyphenol compounds. Analysis of Fr6 indicated that this fraction contained catechin gallate. In conclusion, the vasorelaxant activity of Arbutus is likely to be due to polyphenol compounds, primarily condensed tannins and catechin gallate.     

Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of methanolic extracts from Hymenocardia acida Tul

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In Congolese traditional medicine, decoctions of Hymenocardia acida root bark (HaRB) and trunk bark (HaTrB) are used for the treatment of conditions assumed to be hypertension. In this work, we propose to study the vasorelaxant effect of HaRB and HaTrB methanolic extracts on isolated rat thoracic aorta, to characterize the group of molecules responsible for the observed vasorelaxant activity, to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of these extracts and to determine the antihypertensive activity of the HaRB extract on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Materials and methods

The vasorelaxant effect of the HaRB and HaTrB methanolic extracts was studied on endothelium-intact aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE, 1 μM). The mechanism of this vasorelaxant effect was investigated on endothelium-denuded vessels and on endothelium-intact aortic rings in the presence of three inhibitors: l-N^G-nitroarginine methyl ester (100 μM), indomethacin (10 μM) and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (10 μM). To determine the nature of the compounds responsible for the vasorelaxant activity, we carried out a fractionation of the extracts and a thiolysis of the most active fraction followed by a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) analysis. The extracts antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) colorimetric assay. In vivo anti-hypertensive activity of the HaRB extract was conducted on SHR.

Results

HaRB and HaTrB methanolic extracts produced a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation on intact aortic rings pre-contracted with PE (1 μM). The vasorelaxant responses obtained were 95.3±1.5% (5 μg/ml) and 100.6±3.0% (1 μg/ml), respectively. The effect was markedly attenuated by removal of endothelium or pretreatment of aortic rings with all inhibitors except indomethacin. The LC/ESI-MS analysis of the thiolysis products indicated that the fraction which caused the most important vasorelaxation (97.9±2.5% at 3 μg/ml) was a mixture of procyanidins and prodelphinidins, with a predominance of procyanidins. Both extracts and all fractions from HaRB extract showed a DPPH scavenging activity, ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 quercetin-equivalents. The HaRB methanolic extract reduced the systolic blood pressure in SHR (from 214±3 mmHg to 194±4 mmHg) after a 5-week treatment.

Conclusions

The methanolic extracts of Hymenocardia acida root and trunk bark have vasorelaxant activity. The vasorelaxant effect observed is endothelium-dependent and seems mainly mediated through the NO-cGMP pathway. The COX pathway is not involved. The vasorelaxant activity appears to be due to polymeric procyanidins and prodelphinidins. These extracts also have an antioxidant effect. The extract of Hymenocardia acida root bark shows a significant but weak antihypertensive activity in SHR.     

苏木中高异黄酮类成分对大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒张作用

目的:研究苏木药材主要成分高异黄酮类成分对大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒张作用.方法:采用大鼠胸主动脉环张力测定法,观察苏木中4个高异黄酮类成分:巴西苏木素(brazlin,1)、(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-7-hydroxychroman-4-one(2)、苏木酮B(sappanone B,3 )、去氧苏木酮B(3-deoxysappaJlone B,4)(50～1 000μmol·L~(-1))对由苯肾上腺素(PE)和氯化钾(KCl)预收缩的大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒张作用.结果:4个高异黄酮类成分均能舒张由PE和KCl预收缩的内皮完整的血管环;除变异的高异黄酮类成分巴西苏木素(1)外,高异黄酮类成分(2,3,4)也可显著舒张由PE和Kcl预收缩的内皮去除的血管环;而内皮抑制剂(L-NNA)和亚甲蓝(MB)可以抑制变异高异黄酮类成分巴西苏木素的舒血管作用.结论:正常高异黄酮类成分的舒血管作用可能是非内皮依赖性的,而变异的高异黄酮类成分的舒血管作用是内皮依赖性的,并提示可能由一氧化氮-环磷酸鸟苷(NO-cGMP)通路介导.研究结果一定程度上解释了苏木的药理作用.     

Vasorelaxant effects of Brillantaisia nitens Lindau (Acanthaceae) extracts on isolated rat vascular smooth muscle

Brillantaisia nitens Lindau (Acanthaceae) is traditionally used in Cameroon for the treatment of many diseases including cardiovascular disorders. We have studied its vasorelaxant effects in rat vascular smooth muscle. In this study, aqueous, methylene chloride, methanol, and methylene chloride/methanol leaves extracts of Brillantaisia nitens were tested for their relaxing ability in vitro. Strips of rat aorta, with or without intact endothelium, were mounted in tissue baths, contracted with KCl (60mM) or norepinephrine (10(-4)M), and then exposed to the plant extracts. These extracts exhibited concentration-dependent vasorelaxations of norepinephrine-induced contractions of intact aortic strips. The EC(50) were 0.42+/-0.01mg/ml (aqueous extract), 0.63+/-0.02mg/ml (methylene chloride extract), 0.73+/-0.02mg/ml (methanol extract) and 0.36+/-0.02mg/ml (methylene chloride/methanol extract). The methylene chloride/methanol (CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH) extract was the most potent relaxing extract. It caused a concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxation of the rat aortic strips contracted by KCl or norepinephrine. On the NE-induced contraction, its maximal relaxant activity (109%) due to the dose of 1.5mg/ml, was not significantly modified by the pretreatment of aortic strips with indomethacin (89%, P>0.05) or with l-NAME (103%, P>0.05). This suggests that the vasorelaxation elicited by CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH extract was not mediated via endothelium-derived prostacyclin or nitric oxide. In contrast, this relaxation was markedly reduced by tetraethylammonium, a blocker of non-selective K(+) channels and glibenclamide, a blocker of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. The CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH extract significantly inhibited Ca(2+)-induced concentration-contraction and the Ca(2+) influx in aortic strips incubated with 60mM KCl. These results indicate that the vasorelaxant effect of the CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH extract of Brillantaisia nitens is due to an inhibition of Ca(2+) influx, possibly via the activation of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels.     

Role of nitric oxide in the vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of extracts and purified tannins from Geum japonicum

Crude extracts and three purified tannins from Geum japonicum Thunberg (Rosaceae) were examined for relaxant effects in isolated rat thoracic aorta and for hypotensive effects in anesthetized normotensive and hypertensive rats. The acetone extract and the butyl alcohol extract of Geum japonicum at a cumulative concentration of 30mug/ml potently relaxed phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings by 73+/-5% and 80+/-7%, respectively, without affecting the resting tension of these vessels. Removal of the vascular endothelium, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase with N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NA) or inhibition of cGMP biosynthesis with methylene blue all abolished the vasorelaxant effects of the Geum japonicum extracts. Addition of l-arginine, the substrate for NO biosynthesis, reversed the inhibitory effects of l-NA. Similar vasorelaxant effects of 82+/-10%, 61+/-8% and 82+/-14%, were observed with the purified tannins, penta-O-galloyl-beta-glucoside, casuariin and 5-desgalloylstachyurin, respectively, at a cumulative concentration of 10muM. Intravenous injection of the butyl alcohol extract of Geum japonicum at a cumulative dose of 2.5mg/kg into both hypertensive and normotensive rats resulted in a marked reduction in the mean arterial blood pressure by 46+/-6% and 34+/-7%, respectively, which was abolished by prior injection of l-NA. Therefore, these results suggest that tannins may be responsible for the vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of Geum japonicum, mediated via endogenous NO and subsequent cGMP formation. The data suggest that extracts of Geum japonicum may have potential use as new anti-hypertensive agents for lowering arterial blood pressure in hypertensive patients.