GSTM1基因多态性与吸烟因素交互作用影响肺癌发生的病例对照研究

目的:探讨谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因(GSTMl)多态性和环境因素与肺癌发生相关性。方法:采用病例对照研究方法,调查150例住院肺癌患者和150例健康体检者的生活习惯及家族史等信息,并应用PCR-RFLP技术检测研究对象的GSTM1的基因型,采用Logistic回归分析GSTMl基因型和吸烟因素与肺癌的关系,及其两者间的交互作用。结果:(1)病例组GSTMl缺失率64.0%,对照组45.3%,GSTM1基因缺失型发生肺癌的风险OR值为2.14(95%CI:1.35～3.41);吸烟因素发生肺癌的风险OR值为2.53(95%CI:1.57～4.06);(2)GSTM1基因缺失型联合吸烟的OR值5.58(95%CI:2.71～11.49),大于吸烟因素及GSTMl基因缺失型的风险OR值乘积,交互作用中的超相乘模型;(3)随着吸烟量的增加,交互作用系数γ值分别为2.315、2.088、2.035。结论:GSTMl基因缺失与吸烟是肺癌发生的风险因素,GSTMl基因缺失与吸烟因素两者存在交互作用,GSTMl基因缺失与吸烟量呈低暴露-基因效应。     

吸烟和GSTM1基因缺失与食管癌的关系研究

目的:探讨吸烟和GSTM1基因缺失的联合作用与食管癌发病之间的关系.方法:以125例男性食管癌患者作为病例组,125名健康男性作为对照组,分别调查两组的吸烟情况以及采用MD-PCR的方法检测外周血白细胞GSTM1的缺失情况,然后采用卡方检验的方法分析两组之间吸烟情况和GSTM1基因缺失情况是否存在着显著性的差别以及采用叉生分析的方法分析吸烟与GSTM1基因缺失在食管癌的发病中是否存在联合作用.结果:病例组的吸烟率显著高于对照组的吸烟率(P＜0.005),OR=2.791(1.349～5.774);病例组GSTM1的缺失率为61.6 %,显著高于对照组的缺失率44.0 %,P＜0.005,OR=2.042(1.233～3.382).吸烟并且有GSTM1基因缺失的人患食管癌的风险是不吸烟且GSTM1基因不缺失者的5.7倍[P＜0.001,OR=5.700(1.910～17.013)].结论:吸烟是食管癌发病的一个危险因素,GSTM1基因缺失是食管癌的一个遗传易感因素,二者的联合在食管癌的发生中起着协同的作用.     

吸烟和GSTM1基因缺失与食管癌的关系研究

目的 :探讨吸烟和GSTM1基因缺失的联合作用与食管癌发病之间的关系。方法 :以 12 5例男性食管癌患者作为病例组 ,12 5名健康男性作为对照组 ,分别调查两组的吸烟情况以及采用MD PCR的方法检测外周血白细胞GSTM1的缺失情况 ,然后采用卡方检验的方法分析两组之间吸烟情况和GSTM 1基因缺失情况是否存在着显著性的差别以及采用叉生分析的方法分析吸烟与GSTM1基因缺失在食管癌的发病中是否存在联合作用。结果 :病例组的吸烟率显著高于对照组的吸烟率 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ,OR =2 .791(1.349～ 5 .774 ) ;病例组GSTM1的缺失率为 6 1.6 % ,显著高于对照组的缺失率 4 4 .0 % ,P <0 .0 0 5 ,OR =2 .0 4 2 (1.2 33～ 3.382 )。吸烟并且有GSTM 1基因缺失的人患食管癌的风险是不吸烟且GSTM1基因不缺失者的 5 .7倍 [P <0 .0 0 1,OR =5 .70 0 (1.910～ 17.0 13) ]。结论 :吸烟是食管癌发病的一个危险因素 ,GSTM1基因缺失是食管癌的一个遗传易感因素 ,二者的联合在食管癌的发生中起着协同的作用     

GSTM1基因多态性和烟酒习惯与原发性肝癌易感性的关系

目的:探讨Ⅱ相代谢酶谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1(GSTM1)基因多态性和烟酒习惯及其相互作用与原发性肝癌易感性的关系.方法:采用病例-对照研究和多重PCR技术对广西地区105例肝癌患者及151例健康对照的GSTM1基因型进行检测,并调查研究对象的烟酒习惯.结果:GSTM1缺失基因型频率在病例组与对照组中分别为64.76%和50.99%(P<0.05);GSTM1缺失基因型的个体中,有吸烟、饮酒习惯者患肝癌的危险性明显升高, OR分别为3.13 (95% CI: 1.48～6.61)和4.27(95%CI:1.82～10.02).结论:GSTM1是肝癌的遗传易感因素,GSTM1基因多态和烟酒习惯在肝癌的发生中存在协同作用.     

重庆地区人群GSTT1和GSTM1基因多态性与结直肠癌易感性研究

目的　了解谷胱苷肽转硫酶GSTT1和GSTT1基因多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系。方法　采用多重PCR技术对 82例病例和 82例对照GSTT1、GSTM1基因型进行了检测和分析。结果　GSTM1基因缺失频率在病例组和对照组之间有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1,OR =2 .464 ,95 %CI =1.3 11～ 4.63 3 )。GSTM1和GSTT1基因同时缺失的个体在病例组和对照组之间有差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,OR =2 .476,95 %CI =1.0 46～ 5 .861)。结论　GSTM1基因缺失可能是结直肠癌发生的易感基因型。GSTT1基因单独缺失与结直肠癌发生的危险性不相关 ,但在GSTM1缺失基础上再伴有GSTT1基因缺失的个体 ,患结直肠癌的危险性将会增加     

中国人群GSTM1基因多态性与非吸烟肺癌发病风险的Meta分析

目的 利用Meta 分析方法评价谷胱甘肽S- 转移酶M1(glutathione S-transferase M1,GSTM1) 基因多态性与中国人群非吸烟肺癌发病的相关性.方法 检索中国期刊全文数据库(1979-2011)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(1989-2011)、中国生物医学文献数据库(1979-2011)、万方数据库(1998-2011)、EMbase(1900-2011) 和PubMed (1966-2011) 数据库,收集有关中国人群GSTM1 基因多态性与非吸烟肺癌关系的研究.结果 共纳入16 篇文献对照研究,包括非吸烟肺癌患者818 例,对照组921 例.Meta 分析结果显示:GSTM1 缺失基因型的中国人群患非吸烟肺癌的风险明显增高(OR=1.65,95%CI=1.34,2.04).亚组分析发现,具有GSTM1 缺失基因型的中国南方和北方人群罹患非吸烟肺癌的风险分别为对照组的1.48 倍(95%CI=1.14,1.91) 和2.03 倍(95%CI=1.42,2.90).结论 GSTM1 缺失基因型使中国人群非吸烟肺癌的发病风险显著增加.     

GSTM1基因缺失与肺癌遗传易感性关系的研究

目的　探讨GSTM1基因缺失与肺癌发病之间的关系。方法　采用PCR技术检测 77例肺癌患者和1 0 7例健康对照人群中GSTM1基因缺失的频率。结果　患者组GSTM1基因缺失的频率为 5 8.4% ,显著高于对照组的缺失频率 42 .1 % (χ2 =4.81 1 ,P =0 .0 2 8) ,危险度分析得出OR =1 .93 8(95 % ) ,CI为 1 .0 70～ 3 .5 0 9。结论　GSTM1基因缺失可能与肺癌的发生有关。     

p53 Arg/Pro基因多态性及吸烟对河南汉族人群肺癌发病的影响

目的:检测p53基因第4外显子的第72密码子Arg/Pro多态性及吸烟对河南汉族人肺癌发病的影响.方法:采用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测124例肺癌患者和128名对照(病例和对照均为河南汉族人)p53基因Arg/Pro多态性,同时调查两组人群的吸烟状况,比较基因多态性和吸烟在两组中的分布情况.结果:对照组和肺癌组人群Pro/Pro基因型频率分别为15.6%和28.2%,与携带Arg/Arg和Arg/Pro基因型者比较,携带Pro/Pro基因型个体患肺癌危险增加且其调整OR(95%CI)为2.11(1.12～3.97).以不吸烟和非Pro/Pro基因型者为参照,Pro/Pro基因型和吸烟单独作用的调整OR(95%CI)分别为0.93(0.36～2.38)和2.27(1.13～4.54),二因素共同存在时的调整OR(95%CI)为10.49(3.42～32.23),Pro/Pro基因型与吸烟存在交互作用(χ2=5.209,P=0.023).结论:吸烟、p53 Pro/Pro基因型及其二者交互作用可能是河南汉族人群肺癌发病的危险因素.     

GSTM1基因缺失与非小细胞肺癌关系的病例对照研究

【目的】探讨谷胱甘肽硫转移酶 μ基因缺失与肺癌发生的关系。【方法】采用病例 对照研究方法和PCR检测手段分析谷胱甘肽硫转移酶 μ基因缺失在病例和对照组中的分布情况 ,并分析其与肺癌发生的关系。【结果】谷胱甘肽硫转移酶 μ基因 (GSTM1)缺失在病例组和对照组中的分布存在显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ,病例组中GSTM 1-/-基因型携带率较高 ( 6 1% ) ,而对照组则为 48% ;GSTM1-/-基因型是肺癌发生的重要危险因素 (OR为 1 7,P =0 0 4)。【结论】谷胱甘肽硫转移酶 μ基因缺失与肺癌的发生密切相关 ,GSTM 1-/ -是肺癌发生的重要宿主因素 ,并可能是肺癌遗传易感性的重要生物学标志。     

吸烟和GSTM1基因多态性与食管癌的相关性探讨

目的探讨吸烟和GSTM1基因多态性与食管癌发病之间的关系。方法以125例男性食管癌患者作为病例组，125名健康男性作为对照组，分别调查两组的吸烟情况以及采用MD—PCR检测外周血白细胞GSTM1基因型，然后采用x^2检验的方法分析两组之间吸烟情况和GSTM1基因缺失情况是否存在着显著性的差别，以及采用叉生分析的方法分析吸烟与GSTM1基因缺失在食管癌的发病中是否存在联合作用。结果病例组的吸烟率显著高于对照组的吸烟率（P=0．005），OR=2．791（1．349～5．774）；病例组GSTM1的缺失率为61．6％，显著高于对照组的缺失率44．0％，P=0．005，OR=2．042（1．233～3．382）。吸烟并且有GSTM1基因缺失的人患食管癌的风险是不吸烟且GSTM1基因不缺失者的5．7倍[P=0．001，OR=5．700（1．910～17．013）]。结论吸烟是食管癌发病的一个危险因素，GSTM1基因缺失是食管癌的一个遗传易感因素，两者的联合在食管癌的发生中起着协同的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.