活血祛瘀法干预激素性股骨头坏死骨组织的修复

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head remains unclear. Femoral head reconstruction after collapse is related to the bone remodeling due to disorder of the bone formation-absorption coupling. “Removing Blood Stasis” Method has been shown to have a positive effect on the disease in clinics. However, the mechanisms by which the “Removing Blood Stasis” Method confers bone repair after osteonecrosis remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of “Removing Blood Stasis” Method on bone repair in rabbits with steroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis. METHODS: Fifty New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups: normal control (n=10), model (n=20) and Taohong Siwu Decoction (n=20) groups, respectively. The steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head animal models were established by intramuscular injection of endotoxin combined with methylprednisolone (MPS). Rabbits in Taohong Siwu Decoction group were intragastrically administered with 0.3 g/kg of Taohong Siwu Decoction suspension after the last injection of methylprednisolone. The control and model groups were administrated by equal volume of ultrapure water for 8 consecutive weeks. High-resolution MRI and pathological determinations were used to assess the successful models. Protein expression levels of ABCB1, RUNX2, OPN, RANK, RANKL, PPAR, osteoprotegerin (OPG), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rabbit femoral heads were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that trabecular bone fracture, karyopyknosis, empty lacunae, necrotic bone marrow cells were seen in the model group. Empty lacunae rate in the model group was significantly different from that in the normal control group (P < 0.05). Bone formation was active and kept better trabecular morphology in the Taohong Siwu Decoction group. It suggested that “Removing Blood Stasis” Method can improve repair of necrotic area. (2) In the model group, femoral head with a wide range of low-density areas in high-resolution MRI; Taohong Siwu Decoction group showed the relatively normal shape of the femoral head with small areas of low density. It suggested that “Removing Blood Stasis” Method can improve image changes in the necrotic area. (3) Protein expression levels of RUNX2, RANK, RANKL were significantly up-regulated but protein expression levels of ABCB1, OPG, VEGF were significantly down-regulated in the model group compared with the normal control group; whereas, they were all significantly up-regulated in the Taohong Siwu Decoction group compared with the model group, except for RANK and RANKL (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the “Removing Blood Stasis” Method can promote bone repair in steroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis rabbits by regulating protein expressions of ABCB1, RUNX2, RANK, RANKL, OPG, and VEGF. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

银杏平颤方对帕金森病模型小鼠多巴胺神经元丢失及其凋亡的影响

BACKGROUND: Current pharmacological research has administrated that Ginkgo biloba and its extracts can eliminate loss and apoptosis of dopamine neurons by antioxidation and nerve growth factor activation. OBJECTIVE:To confirm the effects of Ginkgo biloba Pingchan Recipe on loss and apoptosis of dopamine neurons as well as proliferation of neuroblastoma derived cell lines SH-SY5Y in mice with Parkinson’s disease. METHODS: (1) C57BL mice were randomly divided into three groups: 20 mice were modeled into Parkinson’s disease by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP for 6 weeks, and at 30 minutes before each intraperitoneal injection, mice in model group were given gavage of normal saline, mice in treatment group given Ginkgo biloba Pingchan Recipe. The other 10 mice received no any interventions as normal group. The loss and apoptosis of dopamine neurons were observed by immunohistochemistry at 15 and 30 days after modeling. (2) In vitro cultured SH-SY5Y cell lines were treated with Ginkgo biloba Pingchan Recipe. Subsequently, the cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively; PARP and PTEN mRNA and protein levels were measured through real-time PCR and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the model group, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons at the substantia nigra compacta of midbrain was significantly increased in a time-dependant manner in the normal and treatment groups (P < 0.05). (2) The apoptosis rate and mRNA and protein levels of PARP and PTEN in the treatment group were lower than those in the model group. These results suggest that Ginkgo biloba Pingchan Recipe can partly inhibit midbrain neuron apoptosis that may be by decreasing PTEN level. As a result, it becomes possible to prevent and treat Parkinson’s disease via protecting dopamine neurons from loss. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程     

Effect of CD86 blockage on the expressions of TGF-β1, MMP-9, TIMP-3 and PAI-1 proteins and outcome of pregnancy in murine abortion-prone model

In the present study, the effect of blockage of the costimulatory signal CD86 at time of implantation on the expressions of TGF-β1, MMP-9, TIMP-3 and PAI-1 proteins at the maternal-fetal interface and the outcome of pregnancy in murine abortion-prone model was investigated, in which the CBA/J x DBA/2 matings were used as the abortion-prone model and the CBA/J×BALB/c matings used as the normal pregnant model. The study was performed in following three groups: 2 groups of the abortion-prone model, which were experimental group and control experimental group, and 1 group of normal pregnant model, and each group had 10 pregnant CBA/J mice exclusively. Female pregnant CBA/J mice in the experimental group received an intraperitoneal (i. p.) injection of 100μg of antimouse CD86 mAb in 200μl of PBS at day 4.5 of gestation, and the irrelevant-isotope matched rat IgG2b was administrated in the control experimental group with the same dosage and at same time. For the normal pregnant group, no treatment was given. The pregnant CBA/J mice were killed on day 13.5 of gestation. Then, the embryo resorption rate was calculated and the expressions of TGF-β1, MMP-9, TIMP3 and PAI-1 were detected by using immunohistochemical methods. It was demonstrated that the embryo resorption rate in the experimental group was significantly reduced in comparison with that in the control experimental group (x2=7.441,P = 0.006), but there was no significant difference with that in normal pregnant group (x2=0.016, P = 0.898) . The expressions of TGF-β1 and PAI-1 in the experimental group were significantly increased in comparison with that in the control experimental group (P=0.010,P=0.003, respectively), with no significant difference from that in the normal pregnant group (P = 0.500) . However, the expression of MMP-9 in the experimental group was significantly reduced in comparison with that in the control experimental group (P = 0.012) with no significant difference from that in the normal pregnant group (P = 0.500) . The expression of TIMP-3 in the experimental group showed no significant difference both with the control experimental group (P = 0. 328) and the normal pregnant group (P = 0.500) . It is concluded that the blockage of the costimulatory molecule CD86 at early stage of gestation can render TGF-β1, MMP-9, TIMP-3 and PAI-1 proteins to express their immuno-tolerant effects through their characteristic pathways and induce the reduction of the embryo resorption rate in the natural abortion-prone model of mice to the level of normal pregnancy.     

Electroacupuncture for chronic pain in a model of knee arthritis北大核心

BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has been found to be effective for alleviating low back pain and acute pain due to knee arthritis, but its effect on chronic pain is under discussion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism underlying electroacupuncture (EA) alleviating chronic pain in a New Zealand rabbit model of knee arthritis. METHODS: (1) Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were selected, and the knee osteoarthritis model was established by injecting 4% papain into the knee articular cavity of rabbit’s bilateral hind limbs. The model rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n=8 per group): normal saline plus EA, normal saline plus sham EA, nor-Binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) plus EA, and nor-BNI plus sham EA groups. The dosage of nor-BNI was 1 mg/kg, once daily, for consecutive 3 days. 30-minute EA was given at 2 hours after administration, once daily, until the day the rabbits were killed. Sham EA indicated no given electric current. The behaviors of the lower limbs were evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores. The rabbits were respectively killed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after administration, the spinal cord was separated, and then fixed with formaldehyde. The expression levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-17 receptor A and NR1 in the spinal cord tissues were detected by immunofluorescence. (2) The other 24 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into model and control groups (n=12 per group), and the knee osteoarthritis model was established in the former group. Afterwards, the two groups were randomized into two subgroups, followed by given the intrathecal administration of normal saline, or 2 μg interleukin-17 antibody serum dissolved in 10 μL normal saline, once daily, for consecutive 3 days. The behaviors of the lower limbs were evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores, and the expression levels of p-NR1 and interleukin-17 receptor were detected by western blot assy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores in the nor-BNI plus EA group were significantly increased, while the expression levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-17 receptor A and NR1 in the spinal cord tissues were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The expression level of NRI did not differ significantly between nor-BNI plus EA and nor-BNI plus sham EA groups (P > 0.05). After administration of interleukin-17 antibody serum, the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores in the model group was significantly increased, and the expression levels of interleukin-17 and NR1 in the spinal cord tissues were significantly decreased, but still significantly higher than those in the control subgroups (P < 0.05). These results suggest that chronic pain in knee arthritis is the result of an increase in the expression level of NRI induced by interleukin-17. EA can remarkably improve the pain in the model rabbits of knee arthritis by downregulating interleukin-17 in the spinal cord tissues, rather than interleukin-17 receptor. © 2017, Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

TLR2和TLR4单克隆抗体对DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎肠黏膜细胞因子及肠道菌群的影响

Objective To evaluate the effect of TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb on intestinal flora of DSS-induced colitis in mice. Methods Fifty healthy male BALB/c mice (SPF level), were randomly assigned into five groups: the control group( group A), the UC model group( group B), TLR2McAb intervention group( group C), TLR4McAb intervention group( group D) and TLR2McAb + TLR4McAb intervention group(group E). Clinical symptoms were evaluated by the disease activity index(DAI), while tissue sam ples were evaluated by histological scoring(HS). The quantities of mRNA for IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 were determined by real-time PCR. Meanwhile, fecal samples were obtained directly from the cecum for microbiological studies. Results After the treatment with TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb, DAI and HS were decreased significantly. Compared with group A, inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 in group B were higher. Compared with group B, expression of these three cytokines in group C to E was all markedly decreased. Group A showed a considerable predominance of Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp,while the UC model group showed a conspicuous increase of Escherichia coli and decreases of Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. After treatment with TLR2McAb or/and TLR4McAb, Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp increased to the normal level. But counts of E. Coli in the three intervention groups were not changed. Conclusion TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb suppressed the development of DSS-induced colitis and increase cecum counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.     

TLR2和TLR4单克隆抗体对DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎肠黏膜细胞因子及肠道菌群的影响

Objective To evaluate the effect of TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb on intestinal flora of DSS-induced colitis in mice. Methods Fifty healthy male BALB/c mice (SPF level), were randomly assigned into five groups: the control group( group A), the UC model group( group B), TLR2McAb intervention group( group C), TLR4McAb intervention group( group D) and TLR2McAb + TLR4McAb intervention group(group E). Clinical symptoms were evaluated by the disease activity index(DAI), while tissue sam ples were evaluated by histological scoring(HS). The quantities of mRNA for IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 were determined by real-time PCR. Meanwhile, fecal samples were obtained directly from the cecum for microbiological studies. Results After the treatment with TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb, DAI and HS were decreased significantly. Compared with group A, inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 in group B were higher. Compared with group B, expression of these three cytokines in group C to E was all markedly decreased. Group A showed a considerable predominance of Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp,while the UC model group showed a conspicuous increase of Escherichia coli and decreases of Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. After treatment with TLR2McAb or/and TLR4McAb, Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp increased to the normal level. But counts of E. Coli in the three intervention groups were not changed. Conclusion TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb suppressed the development of DSS-induced colitis and increase cecum counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.     

Effects of serum containing wuzang wenyang huayu decoction on phosphorylated-tau protein expression in alzheimer’s disease cell model北大核心

BACKGROUND: Various previous studies have shown that Wuzang Wenyang Huayu Decoction has a good therapeutic effect on Alzheimer’s disease, but its pharmacological mechanism has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Wuzang Wenyang Huayu Decoction drug-containing serum on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and phosphorylated-tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease cell model. METHODS: Beta amyloid protein was used to induce primary hippocampal neurons to establish the currently recognized Alzheimer’s disease cell model. Wuzang Wenyang Huayu Decoction drug-containing serum and donepezil hydrochloride drug-containing serum were given for intervention for 72 hours. The dendritic length and branch number of primary neurons cells were detected by immunofluorescence assay. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and phosphorylated-tau protein were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the length and branch number of dendritic cells in the model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression decreased, and phosphorylated-tau protein increased (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). Compared with the model group, the dendritic length and branch number of neurons in Wuzang Wenyang Huayu group and donepezil hydrochloride group increased, the expression of PPARγ increased, and the expression of phosphorylated-tau protein significantly decreased (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). Results confirmed that Wuzang Wenyang Huayu Decoction has neuroprotective effect on Alzheimer’s disease cells induced by beta amyloid protein, and its mechanism may be related to upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ protein and inhibition of phosphorylated-tau protein. © 2022, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

Impact of CCAAT enhancer binding protein α on the differentiation and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia HL60 cells

Objective To investigate the effect of CCAAT enhancer binding protein α(C/EBPα) on differentiation and apoptosis in the acute myeloid leukemia HL60 cells in vitro and in vivo and its possible mechanism. Methods The C/EBPα expression plasmid pEGFP-C/EBPα and empty control plasmid were respectively transfected into HL60 cells with cationic liposome as transfected group and empty plasmid transfected group, and untreated HL60 cells served as control group. The cells stably expressing the C/EBPα gene were obtained by G418 selection. The morphological changes were observed under light microscope following WrightGiemsa staining. MTT assay was employed to evaluate cell proliferation, and flow cytometry(FCM) was performed to analyze cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the expression of c-myc was respectively detected by RT-PCR and Western blot both at the mRNA and protein level. Twenty BALB/c nude mice were divided into 3 groups in a completely randomized design: 7 mice in transfected group, 7 mice in empty plasmid transfected group and 6 in control group. Three kinds of cells including pEGFP-C/EBPα-HL60 cells, pEGFP -HL60 cells and the control HL60 cells were injected into mice separately through the subcutaneous. The mice were sacrificed at 20 d after injection. The mass and size of subcutaneous xenograft tumors were measured and the cell apoptosis of subcutaneous tumor were detected by TUNEL. Results The pEGFP-C/EBPα-HL60 cell line stably expressing the C/EBPα gene was screened out. Compared to either empty plasmid transfected group or control group, the expression of C/EBPα could promote cellular differentiation of HL60. FCM showed higher apoptotic rate in transfected group[ (21.9±4.5)%,P＜0.05 ] ,while (5.4±1.4)% in control group and (5.0±1.3)% in empty plasmid transfected group. c-myc expression was significantly down-regulated by C/EBPα both at the mRNA and protein level. The mass and size of tumors in transfected group were smaller than those in empty plasmid transfected group and control group [ (5.35±1.12)g and(25±4)mm in control group, (5.12±1.31)g and ( 18±3)mm in empty plasmid transfected group ,while (3.26±0.72)g and ( 11±2)mm in transfected group, all P＜0.05]. More apoptosis cells were found in subcutaneous tumor of transfected group(both P＜0.05). Conclusion C/EBPα can not only inhibit the proliferation, but also induce massive apoptosis of HL60 cells, meanwhile C/EBPα is a tumor suppressor of acute myeloid leukemia.     

Effects of Glucocorticoids on Subgingival Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Rats with Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy

Objective:This paper aims to investigate the effect of glucocorticoid therapy on porphyromonas gingivalis(P.g)in subgingival plaque of rats with adriamycin-induced nephrotoxicity(ADR),and to realize the correlation between periodontitis nephrotic and glucocorticoid applications.Methods:60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups and normal group,and nephropathy group,30 rats in each group.The rats in the nephropathy group were given 4 mg/kg adriamycin injection via tail vein to establish ADR model at the interval of 2 weeks.After the establishment of ADR model,the rats of the two groups were randomly selected 10 rats to be sacrificed and make the kidney pathological sections.Remaining 40 rats,20 rats in the normal group were randomly divided into control group and glucocorticoids-treated group,10 rats in each group.Nephropathy group were divided into ADR group and ADR+glucocorticoids-treated group,10 rats in each group.Glucocorticoids-treated group and ADR+glucocorticoids-treated group were given methylprednisolone 30 mg/(kg·d)for 10 weeks,control group and ADR group were given equal volume of normal saline.The subgingival plaque of rats was used to detect the detection rate and detection quantity of P.g in samples by using SYBR Green real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)technique.Results:The detection quantity of P.g in ADR+glucocorticoids-treated group was higher than that in other three groups(P0.05),and the detection quantity of P.g in ADR group was higher than those in control group and glucocorticoids-treated group(P0.05).The detection rates of P.g in control group and glucocorticoids-treated group were 40%and 50%respectively.The detection rate of P.g in ADR group and ADR+glucocorticoids-treated group was 90%,which was higher than that in control group and glucocorticoids-treated group(P0.05).Conclusion:The level of P.g in rats was correlated with chronic kidney disease and the application of glucocorticoid,suggesting that the periodontal condition of ADR rats was affected by nephropathy and glucocorticoid therapy.     

重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子对脓毒症模型小鼠的治疗作用

BACKGROUND: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor has been shown to be used for the treatment of granulocytopenia, but its effect on sepsis is little reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the treatment outcomes of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) for sepsis mice. METHODS: A sepsis mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, and then given subcutaneous injection of rhGM-CSF at 6 and 30 hours after modeling. The morphological change of mouse lung tissue, CD64 expression in peripheral neutrophils, and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 were ovserved, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUISON:(1) Complete bronchial epithelial, mild stromal hyperplasia, and a few neutrophil infiltration were found after rhGM-CSF treatment. (2) CD64 expression in peripheral neutrophils, and serum level of interleukin-10 in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the model and control groups at 1, 3 and 7 days after treatment (P < 0.05). The serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group, but lower than that in the model group after 1, 3 and 7 days of treatment (P < 0.05). (4) These results show that rhGM-CSF can enhance neutrophil function and the anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis mice. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程     

补肾益智方对D-半乳糖联合β-淀粉样蛋白25-35致老年痴呆模型 大鼠的作用及机制

BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine compound has the characteristics of multiple targets, which can regulate the central nervous system through a plurality of links, and can effectively improve the cognitive function of patients. Bushen Yizhi Decoction has been proven to improve the symptoms of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, thereby improving the quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Bushen Yizhi Decoction on learning and memory abilities in seniledementia rats induced by D-galactose combined with amyloid-beta 25-35 and the underlying mechanism. METHODS:Healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were equivalently randomized into groups of control, model, positive drug (0.3 g/kg donepezil), high-dose drug (20 g/kg Bushen Yizhi Decoction) and low-dose drug (5 g/kg Bushen Yizhi Decoction). Model rats with Alzheimer's disease were established by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose and bilateral hippocampuses injected with amyloid-beta 25-35. After 8-week treatment with intragastric administration of Bushen Yizhi Decoction, the spatial learning and memory capacity were examined by the Morris water maze. High frequency stimulation was given on CA3 Schaffer collateral-commissural pathway, and long-term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 region was recorded to detect the change of synaptic plasticity in rat’s hippocampal neurons, and the levels of superoxide dismutase, malondiadehyde, monoamine oxidase B, choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholin esterase, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Morris water maze tests showed that the groups of Bushen Yizhi Decoction could remarkably improve the spatial learning and memory capacity of rats. Compared with the control group, the long-term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 region was significantly suppressed in model rats (P < 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the phase-shift amplitude between the model and the low-dose drug groups; however, the phase-shift amplitude in the high-dose drug group was significantly higher than that in the model and low-dose drug groups, high-dose drug relieved the suppression of long term potentiation, and the synaptic plasticity was significantly improved. (3) Bushen Yizhi Decoction could significantly decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 and malondiadehyde as well as the activity of acetylcholin esterase, and significantly increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and choline acetyltransferase (P < 0.05). (4) These results suggest that the nootropic effect of Bushen Yizhi Decoction on the rat model of Alzheimer’s disease may be related with the inhibition of inflammation, adjustment of cholinergic nerve transmitter activity and antioxidation.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程     

Expression of Redox Factor-1 in Early Injury Period after Liver Transplantation in Rat Model

The aims of this study were to observe the relationship between injury of graft and expression of redox factor-1 （Ref-1） in early period （24 h） after liver transplantation in rat model One hundred and fifty adult male Wister rats were randomly divided into three groups including liver transplant group, sham surgery group and untreated control group. After liver transplantation, animals were sacrificed at different time points, and the changes and significance of the expression of Ref-1 were then explored by immunohistochemistry, serology and histopathology. As compared with sham surgery group and untreated control group, the expression of Ref-1 protein in transplant group was stronger in early period after liver transplantation. With pathology analysis, lots of infiltrating inflammation cells were found around the portal veins. Hepatic tissues were injury. However, the injury in sham surgery and untreated control group were comparatively slight. The serum ALT and AST levels reached the peak at 6-12 h, and decreased significantly after 12 h. These data suggested that the degree of liver injury in earlier period after transplantation peaked at 6 h and then decreased. And Ref-1 protein induced by hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury might play critical role in repairing the injury.     

复方地芬诺酯建立大鼠便秘模型及对肠道菌群的影响

BACKGROUND: In the previous studies, the overall index in constipation models, such as fecal output in 24 hours and intestinal tension are usually measured. However, the changes of intestinal flora are rarely involved. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of constipation on intestinal tension, pathology and microecology in the rat models of diphenoxylate-induced constipation. METHODS: Twenty SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control and model groups, followed by given 10 mg/kg diphenoxylate and distilled water by gavage once daily for 20 days, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty days later, compared with the blank control group, the frequency of ileum contraction was decreased, 24-hour stool decreased, the ratio of bacteria group in the cecum changed, and structure of the colon was seriously damaged in the model group. These results suggest that constipation results in the intestinal flora disturbance remarkablely. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程     

Rehabilitation training improves exercise tolerance after percutaneous coronary intervention

The aim of this present study was to investigate the effects of training on exercise tolerance of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.Fifty-seven cases of coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention were divided randomly into the rehabilitation training group(26 cases) and control group(31 cases).Patients in the rehabilitation training group received rehabilitation training at different stages and exercise intensities 3 d after percutaneous coronary intervention for 3 months.The heart rate,blood pressure,ECG changes in treadmill exercise test,and the frequency of anginal episodes were observed.The results showed that NST and ΣST of ECG and the frequency of anginal episodes were significantly reduced in the rehabilitation training group.In addition,exercise tolerance was improved and the total exercise time was lengthened in these patients.Moreover,ST segment depression time and emergence time of angina with exercise were also lengthened compared with controls(P < 0.05,or 0.01).However,the heart rate and blood pressure before and after exercise of the two groups were similar.The study indicated that rehabilitation training could significantly relieve angina,amend ischemic features of ECG,and improve exercise tolerance of coronary heart disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention.     

Expression of IL-10 and TNF-α in Rats with Cerebral Infarction after Transplantation with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

We investigated the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） transplantation on the recovery of neurological functions in rat＇s MCAO （middle cerebral artery occlusion） model and its mechanism. MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of male Sprague Dawley （SD） rats. Female adult SD rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups： sham-operated group, MCAO group, vehicle group and MCAO ＋ MSCs-treated group. MSCs were injected into the lateral ventricle of rats in the MSCs-treated group and the same volume of PBS was given to the vehicle group. The expressions of IL-10 and TNF-α were assayed by RT-PCR and ELISA detections at day 1 and 4 after MCAO. The infarction volume was measured by TTC-staining. All rats underwent behavioral tests before, as well as 1, 4, and 14 days after MCAO. MSCs significantly improved functional recovery compared with the control at day 14 after transplantation. Compared with the MCAO group and the vehicle group, the expression of IL-10 mRNA and its protein level in the MSCs group significantly upregulated. However, the expression of TNF-α at day 4 after MCAO in the MSCs group significantly decreased compared with that of the MCAO group and the vehicle group. As a result, transplantation with MSCs significantly decreased infarct volume at day 1 and 4. This study strongly suggested transplantation with MSCs could reduce neuronal injury post focal cerebral ischemia in rats partly by regulating the expressions of IL-10 and TNF-α in the brain.     

Effects of minocycline on the expression of NGF and HSP70 and its neuroprotection role following intracerebral hemorrhage in rats

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of minocycline (MC) on the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats,and explore the neuroprotective function of MC.Seventy-eight male SD rats were randomly assigned to three groups:the ICH control group (n=36),ICH intervention group (n=36) and sham operation group (n=6).The ICH control group and ICH intervention group were subdivided into 6 subgroups at 1,2,4,5,7 and 14 d after ICH with 6 rats in each subgroup.Type IV collagenase was injected into the basal nuclei to establish the ICH model.All rats showed symptoms of the nervous system after the model was established,and the sympotsm in the ICH control group were more serious than the ICH intervention group.The number of NGF-positive cells and HSP70-positive cells in the ICH intervention group was higher than that of the ICH control group.MC administration by intraperitoneal injection can increase the expression of NGF and HSP70.MC may inhibit the activation of microglia,the inflammatory reaction and factors,matrix metalloproteinases and apoptosis,thus protecting neurons.The change of the expression of NGF and HSP70 may be involved in the pathway of neuroprotection by MC.     

低强度脉冲式超声对关节软骨的修复

BACKGROUND: Articular cartilage injuries can result from a variety of causes. Conventional therapy cannot obtain the optimal clinical results. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound has been shown to promote the repair of injured articular cartilage. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the repair of injured articular cartilage. METHODS: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish knee arthritis models and equally randomized into study and control groups, respectively. Rabbits in the study group received low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment, and sham low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment was given in the control group. At 8 weeks after treatment, pathological change and histological scores in articular cartilage tissue collected from both groups were determined. Moreover, the ultrastructure and type II collagen expression of chondrocytes were determined. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 8 weeks after treatment, toluidine blue staining showed a disordered arrangement of cells, decreased number of cartilage cells in each layer and cluster in the control group. Light disordered arrangement of cells, decreased appearance of the superficial layer cells and the cluster phenomenon were observed in the study group. Articular cartilage tissue scores were significantly decreased in the study group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The chondrocytes were small, enlarged intracellular mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic swelling, collagen fibrils coarse, well developed Golgi apparatus, and nuclear fragmentation were observed in the control group. In addition, the normal structure of organelles disappeared and cell degeneration was observed in the control group. In the study group, the size of chondrocytes and the Golgi complex and other organelles were normal, and the protein polysaccharide granules were observed in the cytoplasm and membrane. The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Type II collagen immunoreactivity in the study group was stronger than that in the control group. No incision infection, suppuration, red swelling appeared in all rabbits. Our results suggest that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound can be used for the treatment of articular cartilage injury by alleviating the degradation of collagen type II and inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Comparative study of the protective effect using hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass

Objective To explore the detrimental influence of normothermic and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass during open-heart surgery on immunity function,cytokines and complements.Methods Forty patients with congenital or rheumatic heart disease were randomized to receive the two strategies:normothermic CPB(study group)and hypothermic CPB(control group),20 cases in each group.Venous blood samples were collected at each time points of preoperation,end of CPB,day 1,4,7,14 postoperatively to examine the plasma level of IL-2,TNF-α,C3,C4,IgG,IgM,IgA,CD3,CD4,CD8.Results IL-2 in both groups decreased significantly at day 1,4,and returned to normal at day 7 postoperatively.IL-2 in control group was significantly lower than that in study group postoperatively.TNF-α in two groups was all higher at time points of end of CPB,day 1,4 postoperatively;in study group,it returned to normal level at day 7 postoperatively,whereas in control group,it was still higher at day 7 postoperatively than that before operation,and returned to normal at day 14 postoperatively.C3 in study group was significantly lower at time points of end of CPB,day 1,7 postoperatively than that in control group;C3 in both groups was all higher at time points of end of CPB,day 1,4 postoperatively;in study group,it returned to normal level at day 7 postoperatively,whereas in control group,it was still higher at day 7 postoperatively than that before operation and returned to normal at day 14 postoperatively.C4 in study group at time points of end of CPB,day 1 postoperatively was significantly lower than that in control group;C4 in both groups was all lower at time points of end of CPB,day 1,4 postoperatively than that before operation.The results showed that IgA after operation in both groups was significantly lower than that before operation,and returned to normal at day 7 postoperatively;IgA in study group at day 1 postoperatively was higher than that in control group.IgG in both group at time points of end of CPB,day 1,4 postoperatively was significantly lower than that before operation.IgG in control group was significantly higher at time points of end of CPB,day 1,4 postoperatively was significantly higher than that in control group.IgM in study group was significantly lower at time points of end of CPB,day 1,4 postoperatively.In control group,IgM was significantly lower at time points of end of CPB,day 1,4,7 postoperatively and returned to normal at day 14 postoperatively.IgM in study group was significantly higher at day 1,4 postoperatively than that in control group.CD3,CD4 in both groups decreased significantly at time points of end of CPB,day 1,4,and CD3、CD4 in study group and CD3 in control group returned to normal at day 7 postoperatively,CD4 in control group still lower than that before operation at day 7 postoperatively,and returned to normal at day 14 postoperatively.CD3,CD4 in control group was significantly lower at time points of end of CPB,day 1,4 than that in study group.CD8 in both groups increased significantly at day 1 postoperatively;there was no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusions The detrimental influence of open-heart surgery under normothermic CPB on humoral and cellular immunity function,cytokines and complements is less than that under hypothermic CPB,so normothermic CPB is beneficial for the postoperative recovery and anti-inflammation function.     

IL-10 gene modified dendritic cells inhibit T helper type 1-mediated alloimmune responses and promote immunological tolerance in diabetes

Dendritic cells （DCs） have the potency to regulate the outcome of autoimmunity through the modulation of immune responses. The induction of antigen specific tolerance is critical for prevention and treatment of allograft rejection. In the present Study, we transfected IL-10 gene into DCs and investigated their effect on inhibition of lymphocyte activity in vitro and induction of immune tolerance on islet allograft in mice. An IDDM C57BL/6 mouse model was induced by streptozotocin. The islet cells isolated from the BALB/c mice were transplanted into the kidney capules of the model mice followed by injection of IL-10 modified DCs （mDCs）. The results showed that mDCs could significantly inhibit T lymphocyte proliferation mediated by allotype cells and induce its apoptosis, whereas, unmodified DCs （umDCs） could promote the murine lymphocyte proliferation markedly. The injection of mDCs could prolong the survival of allotype islet transplanted IDDM mice. The average plasma glucose （PG） level in mDCs treated mice returned to normal within 3 days and lasted for about 2 weeks. The rejection response in control mice occurred for 5 days after transplantation. The level of IFN-γ was lower while IL-4 was higher in mDCs treated mice than that in umDCs treated mice, which indicated that Thl/Th2 deviation occurred. Our studies suggest that IL-10 gene modified DCs can induce the immune tolerance to islet graft and prolong survival of the recipients by the inhibiting of T cell proliferation in allotype mice. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.     

Expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in endometrium of pregnant mice with long-term exposure to low concentration of sevoflurane北大核心

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have found that female workers who are exposed to waste sevoflurane for a long time have reduced fertility and increased incidence of abortion and fetal deformity. OBJECTIVE: To imitate the working environment of long-term exposure to waste sevoflurane and investigate the mechanism of embryo implantation disorder induced by low-concentration sevoflurane exposure by observing the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, integrin β1, P-selectin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in endometrium of pregnant mice exposed to low concentrations of sevoflurane, attempting to provide a basis for clinical safe drug use and occupational protection and to lay a foundation for further research on the mechanism of inhalation anesthetics on embryo implantation at gene and molecular levels. METHODS: Forty female Kunming mice and sixteen male Kunming mice, aged 6 weeks, weighting (20±2) g, were caged separately. Forty female mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Mice in the experimental group were exposed to 0.1% sevoflurane, 6 hours per day, while those in the control group were exposed to the air. Thirty days later, the female mice in estrus were caged with mature male mice at a rate of 2:1. Whether the female mice were pregnant was observed at 7:00 am on the second day after mating. The pregnant mice were kept independently in the original condition (n ≥ 8 pregnant mice in each group). Mouse uterus on day 4.5 of gestation was removed and sliced for histological observation. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, integrin β1, P-selectin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in endometrial tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and statistically analyzed. The average integrated absorbance value of positive reactants was calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the experimental and control groups, 17 and 15 female mice were respectively found in estrus; 12 and 10 female mice respectively were found vaginal plugs after mating. Five and two female mice were found pseudopregnant on day 4.5 of gestation in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Therefore, there were 7 and 8 pregnant mice in the experimental and control groups, respectively, and the vacant value in the experimental group was replaced by the average value obtained in the same group, which would be subsequently used in the controlled trial. Immunohistochemical results showed that the endometrium (glandular epithelial cells, luminal epithelial cells and stromal cells) of all pregnant mice were positively stained brownish yellow, but the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, integrin β1, P-selectin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (0.019±0.007, 0.017±0.007, 0.015±0.005, 0.012±0.005) in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (0.032±0.014, 0.025±0.008, 0.021±0.007, 0.023±0.005) (P < 0.05). All these findings indicate that long-term exposure to 0.1% sevoflurane may affect the adhesion of mouse embryos to endometrium and the embryo implantation, which may be related to the inhibitory effects of sevoflurane on the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, integrin β1, P-selectin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, causing the imbalance in endometrial immunoregulation, the invasion of trophoblast cells into the endometrium and the inhibition of endometrial decidualization, and miscarriage and bleeding due to damaged vascular endothelium. © 2023, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.