Optimization of preparation method of atorvastatin calcium sustained-release microspheres北大核心

BACKGROUND: In recent years, studies have found that statins have significant effects on regulating bone metabolism, repairing bone microstructure, inhibiting inflammation, promoting cell proliferation, repairing vascular endothelium, and regulating signal pathway conduction. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the preparation parameters of atorvastatin calcium sustained-release microspheres, to prepare sustained-release microspheres with large drug loading and regular morphology. METHODS: The bovine serum albumin sustained-release microspheres loaded with atorvastatin calcium were prepared by desolvent method. The main factors affected the preparation of the microspheres were screened out. The four key related factors were bovine serum albumin concentration (40, 70, 100 g/L), pH value (7, 8, 9), dosage of atorvastatin calcium (200, 300, 400 µg), and ethanol addition rate (0.2, 0.5, 1 mL/min). The optimal preparation conditions of large drug loading were screened by orthogonal test. Atorvastatin calcium-loaded bovine serum albumin sustained-release microspheres were prepared under optimal parameters and placed in PBS for sustained-release performance testing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The optimum preparation parameters were as follows. The concentration of bovine serum albumin was 100 g/L; the pH value was 7; the dosage of atorvastatin calcium was 400 µg; the addition rate of ethanol was 0.2 mL/min. (2) The microspheres prepared under this parameter had regular morphology and smooth surface. The particle size was (425.0±13.8) nm and the encapsulation efficiency of drug loaded microspheres was up to 85.70%. The in vitro release time could last for more than 48 hours, and the cumulative release reached 73% which had a relatively good sustained release effect. (3) It is indicated that the stable sustained-release microspheres loaded with atorvastatin calcium were successfully prepared. The sustained-release microspheres with high drug loading and stability can achieve sustained drug release. © 2022, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

鞘内注射97-9-G4 PLGA缓释微球对神经病理陛疼痛大鼠痛行为的影响

Objective To study the pain killing effects of intratheeal injection of 97-9-G4 PLGA sustained-release microspheres in the SD rat model of CCI of sciatic nerve. Methods SD rats with intrathecal catheter deployment were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8): normal saline group(NS group), 97-9-G4 group (G group), 97-9-G4 PLGA sustained-release microspheres group(SRG group) and blank PLGA group(P group). On the 11th day after CCI, the animals in NS group and G group were administered the relevant drugs three times (7 am, 1 pm and 7 pm; i.t.). Those in SRG group and P group were administered only once (7 am; i.t.). Paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were measured 5 times at the fixed time-point within the period of study. Results The drug entrapment efficiency was 80.4%, drug loading efficiency was 27.78%, and the mean diameter of microspheres was 77 μm. Two peaks of 97-9-G4 were observed in vitro release measurement. About 25.28% was released in the first 30 rain and about 71.33% was accumulated released in the period from 30 rain to 24 hours. Till 10 days, about 98.3% of 97-9-G4 was accumulated released from the microspheres. In vivo, compared with basic pain threshold, all groups, except sham group exhibited similar values of PWMT and PWTL at the beginning of drug administration. After drug administration, compared with NS group, the values of PWMT and PWTL were significantly increased at 8 am, 2 pm and 8 pro(P＜0.05). At 12 am and 6 pm, there was no significant difference (P＞0.05). Compared with NS group, the values of PWMT and PWTL in group SRG were significantly increased at all the time points except at 8 am. No significant difference was demonstrated in the values of group P as compared with group NS (P＞0.05). Conclusion 97-9-G4 PLGA sustained-release microspheres demonstrate good appearance and significant in vitro sustained-release characteristics. In rat CCI models, the microspheres demonstrate good sustained-release effect and efficiently raised the PWMT and PWTL. The sustained-release effect could last more than 12 hours in vivo.     

Influences of Organic Solvents on Particle Size and Drug-loading Efficiency for 5-Fluorouracil Poly（lactic acid） Nanoparticles

The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of organic solvents on particle size, drug content, loading efficiency and yield for 5-Fluorouracil Poly (lactic acid) nanoparticles . The 5-Fluorouracil was entrapped into poly(lactic acid)(PLA) nanoparticles using a water-in-oil-in-water solvent evaporation technique. During the preparation process, ethyl acetate and acetone were used as organic solvents since they are less toxic than the more commonly used dichloromethane. The effect of the three solvents on particle size, drug content, loading efficiency and yield of nanopartcles was compared. When the solvent of the oil phase was acetone, the highest drug content, smallest particle size and lowest yield were obtained for the PLA nanoparticles.     

Preparation and Evaluation in Vitro of BCNU-Loaded PLA Nanoparticles

In this study, using a spontaneous emulsification/solvent extraction method, BCNU-Ioaded PLA nanoparticles (NPs) with small particle size and narrow size distribution have been acquired. The particle size of the NPs ranged from 40-60 nm and 100-200 nm according to different requirements. SEM and TEM showed that the particle size considerably decreases with increasing emulsification concentration and decreasing PLA concentration and ratio of oil to water. The highest drug loading ratio and drug encapsulation efficiency of NPs were 5. 63% and 33.45%. The results demonstrated that decrease of initial BCNU content resuited in a noticeably increased encapsulation yield. A thorough study in vitro showed that the drug could be steadily released from NPs for one week. In addition, drug-loaded NPs had higher antitumor activity, compared with free BCNU,and sustained drug release characteristics as well.     

3D生物打印构建聚乳酸羟基乙酸/纳米羟基磷灰石支架骨形态发生蛋白2缓释复合体的实验研究

BACKGROUND: Tissue-engineered bone scaffold fabricated by 3D-bioprinting technique has good controllability in morphology and structure. However, construction of tissue-engineered bone/cell growth factor complex and time-dose effect of sustained-release factors are needed to be further researched.  OBJECTIVE: To fabricate a sustained-release composite of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) scaffold carrying bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) using 3D-bioprinting technique, and test the biological properties of the PLGA/n-HA scaffold carrying BMP-2 and the sustained-release properties, thereby to discuss its feasibility as the tissue-engineered bone scaffold composite.  METHODS: Temperature-sensitive chitosan hydrogel was prepared using chitosan and β-glycerophosphate to construct a sustained-release composite, chitosan nanoparticles carrying BMP-2 . 3D-bioprinting technique was utilized to fabricate the PLGA/n-HA scaffold carrying BMP-2. Biological features of the scaffold composite were tested, and time-dose effect of BMP-2 sustained-release was observed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The average pore size of the scaffold-cytokine composite was (431.31±18.40) μm, and the porosity was (73.64±1.82)%. The cumulative release rate of BMP-2 from the scaffold-cytokine composite that effectively controlled the burst release during 48 hours and 30 days were suitable for the physiological needs. In conclusion, the porosity, pore size, release property, degradation rate, and mechanical strength of the scaffold-cytokine composite all meet the biological requirements of tissue-engineered bone construction. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡的制备和体外释放研究

Objective To develop paclitaxol (PTX)-loaded polymersomes based on poly (ε-caprolactone)-block-poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (ε-caprolactone)(PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL, PCEP) amphiphilic triblock copolymers. Methods A series of PCEP copolymers was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated by PEG. The block copolymers were characterized by FT-IR、1H NMR and GPC. PTX-loaded polymersomes were prepared by thin-film and ultrasonic dispersion method and characterized in terms of morphology,particle size and size distribution, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release. The effect of different hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain length on the drug-loading content, entrapment efficiency, size and size distribution and in vitro release were also investigated. Results The PTX-loaded polymersomes showed nanometer size and spherical morphology with core and shell. The sizes of PTX-loaded polymersomes increased with the increasing of the molecular weight of PCEP. The PTX-loaded polymersomes showed a continuous and steady release of PTX without initial burst release. The release rate increased with the increasing of hydrophilic PEG chain content and decreased with the increasing of hydrophobic PCL chain content. Conclusion For the first time, a novel PTX-loaded polymersomes was developed based on PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL amphiphilic triblock copolymers. The PTX-loaded polymersomes showed nanometer size, narrow size distribution and high drug encapsulation efficiency.These results indicate that PTX-loaded polymersomes could be a promising novel controlled release dosage form to increase therapeutic effect with decreased toxic and side effect of PTX.     

紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡的制备和体外释放研究

Objective To develop paclitaxol (PTX)-loaded polymersomes based on poly (ε-caprolactone)-block-poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (ε-caprolactone)(PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL, PCEP) amphiphilic triblock copolymers. Methods A series of PCEP copolymers was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated by PEG. The block copolymers were characterized by FT-IR、1H NMR and GPC. PTX-loaded polymersomes were prepared by thin-film and ultrasonic dispersion method and characterized in terms of morphology,particle size and size distribution, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release. The effect of different hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain length on the drug-loading content, entrapment efficiency, size and size distribution and in vitro release were also investigated. Results The PTX-loaded polymersomes showed nanometer size and spherical morphology with core and shell. The sizes of PTX-loaded polymersomes increased with the increasing of the molecular weight of PCEP. The PTX-loaded polymersomes showed a continuous and steady release of PTX without initial burst release. The release rate increased with the increasing of hydrophilic PEG chain content and decreased with the increasing of hydrophobic PCL chain content. Conclusion For the first time, a novel PTX-loaded polymersomes was developed based on PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL amphiphilic triblock copolymers. The PTX-loaded polymersomes showed nanometer size, narrow size distribution and high drug encapsulation efficiency.These results indicate that PTX-loaded polymersomes could be a promising novel controlled release dosage form to increase therapeutic effect with decreased toxic and side effect of PTX.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸丝素微球复合磷酸钙骨水泥的制备及表征

BACKGROUND: Calcium phosphate bone cement has been applied to clinical surgery because of its good biocompatibility and osteoconduction. However poor mechanical properties and lack of osteoinductivity limit its wide application. OBJECTIVE: To develop calcium phosphate cement incorporated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) loaded silk fibroin microspheres (SFM), which is a kind of new injectable bone graft material with slow-release function, and evaluate its physical and chemical properties and cell compatibility. METHODS: Empty SFMs were prepared with emulsion solvent evaporation to absorb NAC solution of different concentrations by NAC-SFM and the concentration of NAC at the maximum drug loading ratio was determined. Then, NAC-SFM was loaded into calcium phosphate bone cement to test the drug release properties in vitro. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were cultured on the surface of NAC-SFM calcium phosphate bone cement and cell attachment and growth were observed by scanning electron microscope. Additionally, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with three kinds of bone cement extracts (calcium phosphate cement, SFM-calcium phosphate cement, NAC-SFM-calcium phosphate cement, as well as cultured in the α-minimum essential medium containing a volume fraction of 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin double antibody as the control. MTS assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Microspheres in the composite bone cement presented with smooth surface, same size, diffused distribution and no obvious destroy. Thus, the SFM could remain stable in the reaction process of the composite bone cement. The double slow release system which contained silk fibroin microspheres and calcium phosphate bone cement showed a significant decrease in the cumulative release percentage of NAC within the first 24 hours compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In the next 28 days, the release speed of NAC was significantly lower in the NAC-SFM-calcium phosphate cement group than the calcium phosphate cement group (P < 0.05). In addition, different extracts had no significant cytotoxicity to the growth of MC3TC-E1 cells. Thus, the NAC-SFM-calcium phosphate cement has good cytocompatibility, which provide a new insight into the development of bone repair biomaterials. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

Preparation of Curcumin Chitosan Nanoparticles and Its Effect on Free Radical Injury in Mice with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

Objective: Curcumin(Cur) and Chitosan(CS) were utilized as primary components for the production of curcumin chitosan nanoparticles. The impact of these nanoparticles on oxidative stress in mycoplasma pneumoniae-infected mice was assessed.Methods: The drug loading and entrapment efficiency of Cur-CS nanoparticles were determined for various feeding ratios, and the release profiles of Cur-CS nanoparticles in different release media were investigated using the dynamic membrane dialysis method.The ...     

Preparation and characteristics of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride/Carboxymethyl chitosan implanted microsphere

The applications of biodegradable polymeric material as drug carrier in medicineare triggering more interest,especially the microspheres prepared by wrapping drugin polymeric material. For its target to specific organ and tissue and its ability tocontrolled- release of drug,the microspheres can be used to reduce the toxic side ef-fect of drug and improve the biological utilization percentage of drug.In this study,with water- soluble carboxymethyl chitosan( CMC) as carrier and ciprofloxacin hy…     

Study on Tat Mediated Having Composite Magnetic Nanoparticles Targeting Function

This paper describes a new formulation of magnetic nanoparticles coated by a novel polymer matrix-O-Carboxylmethylated Chitosan （O-CMC） as a drug/gene carrier. The O-CMC magnetic nanoparticles were derivatized with a peptide sequence from the HIV-tat protein and transferrin to improve the translocational property and cellar uptake of the nanoparticles. To evaluate the O-MNPs-Tat-Tf as a drug carrier, Methotrexate （MTX） was incorporated as a model drug and MTX-loaded O-MNPs-Tat-Tf with an average diameter of 75 nm were prepared and characterized by TEM, AFM and VSM. The cytotoxicity of MTX-loaded O- MNPs-Tat-Tf was investigated with C6 cells. The results showed that the MTX-loaded O-MNPs-Tat-Tf retained significant antitumor toxicity.     

Construction of nano-silver coating on pure titanium surface and its antibacterial effect on staphylococcus aureus北大核心

BACKGROUND: Nano-silver is a new antibacterial material developed based on nano-technology. It is characterized as stable physical and chemical properties, and good electrical, optical, and catalytic performance, but its antibacterial response to Staphylococcus aureus is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To explore the preparation methods of nano-silver coating on pure titanium surface and to explore its antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS: (1) Preparation of nano-silver coating on the surface of pure titanium: Hydroxyapatite and silver powder as research objects were fully mixed at a ratio of 20:1. The mixture was ball-milled to ensure the formation of nanosized particles. The mixture of hydroxyapatite and silver powder was put into a stirrer for continuous stirring to ensure the uniform distribution. The mixture was then placed in an ethanol solution followed by insertion of a titanium plate (anode) and a stainless steel plate (cathode). The precipitated powder was obtained on the titanium surface at a voltage of 20 V, and the pure titanium surface with nano-silver coating was prepared after heat treatment in a tube resistance furnace. (2) Observation of antibacterial properties: A minimal inhibitory concentration test was used to determine the antibacterial concentration of the nano-silver coating on the pure titanium surface when shaken with Staphylococcus aureus. A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the structure of Staphylococcus aureus on the pure titanium surface with nano-silver coatings of different mass concentrations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nano-silver/hydroxyapatite composite coating and hydroxyapatite coating were relatively uniform. The nano-silver/hydroxyapatite composite coating was white in color but slightly yellowish. The hydroxyapatite coating was white in color. The coating surface was rough and bonded firmly. No peeling of the coating was observed under gross observation. The antibacterial ability of the nano-silver group at 37°C static culture and at 37 ° shaking culture was significantly higher than that of the hydroxy-apatite group (P < 0.05). The absorbance value of Staphylococcus aureus at 600 nm in the nano-silver group was lower than that of hydroxyapatite group at 7, 10, 30 hours after intervention (P < 0.05). The layer cells on the nano-silver coating become lighter in color compared with those on the hydroxyapatite coating and there were cells that ruptured and died. The number of Staphylococcus aureus on the nano-silver coating was reduced, and a large number of vacuoles were found. These findings indicate that the 20:1 mixture of hydroxyapatite and silver at micron level can be used to prepare nano-silver coating through ball milling, water bath, ultrasound and heat treatment. The prepared coating can exert excellent antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus. © 2018, Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

海螵蛸/外消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨在动物体内的降解及相容性

BACKGROUND: Cuttlebone/racemic polylactic acid composite artificial bone has been prepared in the previous studies to improve the incomplete degradation of cuttlebone. OBJECTIVE: To observe the degradation and biocompatibility of cuttlebone/racemic polylactic acid composite artificial bone in animals. METHODS: Thirty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Models of right radial defects were prepared in rabbits, and model rabbits were subjected to implantation of cuttlebone/racemic polylactic acid composite artificial bone into the defects and muscular sac between the radial lateralis muscle and rectus (experimental group), implantation of cuttlebone into the defects and muscular sac between the radial lateralis muscle and rectus (control group 1), implantation of racemic polylactic acid into the defects and muscular sac between the radial lateralis muscle and rectus (control group 2), or no treatment (blank control group), respectively. At 2, 4, 8 weeks after operation, X-ray and histological examinations were performed in the four groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the other three groups, the bone mineral density of the experimental group was significantly higher at 4 and 8 weeks after material implantation into the defects (P < 0.05), and moreover, the bone mineral apposition rate of the experimental group was significantly higher at different time after operation (P < 0.05). At 8 weeks after operation, the bone tissues in the experimental group grew from the both ends to the center to form multiple bone island-like structures, with less residual materials, and the marrow cavity and implanting material were in a traffic manner; in the control group 1, there were many residual materials, and no intercommunication was found between the marrow cavity and implant material. (2) At 2 weeks after material implantation into the muscle capsule, there were more inflammatory cells, but the inflammation relieved at 4 weeks and disappeared basically at 8 weeks, and the material was degraded partially. These findings indicate that the cuttlebone/racemic polylactic acid composite artificial bone is a kind of good bone substitute material that has good biocompatibility and degradability.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

Entrapment and Sustained Release of Hydrophobic Drugs with Different Molecular Weights from PHBHHx-PEG Nanoparticles

Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles are more and more frequently used in drug delivery systems, which represent one of the most rapidly developing areas. In our previous study, a novel natural hybrid polyester, polyethylene glycol 200 （PEG200） end-capped poly （3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhcxanoate） （PHBHHx-PEG） was directly produced by Aeromonas hydrophila fermentation. In this study, the performance of the novel biodegradable PHBHHx-PEG copolyester as a sustained release carrier for hydrophobic drugs with different molecular weights and the in vitro sustained release profile were investigated. 5-Fluorouracil （5-Fu, Mw=130.1）, TGX221 （Mw=364.4）, and Rapamycin （RAP, Mw=914.2） were used as the model drugs. PHBHHx-PEG nanoparticles entrapped with 5-Fu, TGX221 and RAP were fabricated by a modified emulsification/solvent evaporation method, respectively. The average diameter of 5-Fu, TGX221, and RAP loaded PHBHHx-PEG nanoparticles was between 198.2-217.4 nm, and the entrapment efficiency of the three drugs was 62.5%, 93.4% and 91.9%, respectively. The in vitro release profiles of 5-Fu, TGX221 and RAP from PHBHHx-PEG nanoparticles were different. 5-Fu showed faster release rate and an obvious initial burst release phase. TGX221 and RAP were demonstrated to be released more slowly and steadily. The release percentages of 5-Fu, TGX221 and RAP were 97.7%, 85.1% and 74.7% after releasing for 72 h. PHBHHx-PEG is a kind of promising material as a carrier for the entrapment and delivery of hydrophobic drugs especially for those drugs with high molecular weight.     

血小板表达TLR4调节LPS刺激血小板释放细胞因子的作用

Objective To affirm the expression of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the surface membrane of platelet and to explore the immunomodulatory factors[(interlukine-8(IL-8),β-thromboglobulin(β-TG), soluble CD40 ligand(sCD40L)] released by platelets after platelets stimulated by TLR4 ligand.Methods TLR4 expressed on the platelet was detected by flow cytometry. Monoclonal anti-human FcγRⅡantibody(Ⅳ.3)-treated human platelets were cultured with LPS in the presence or absence of blocking monoclonal antibody to human TLR4. The release of IL-8, β-TG, sCD40L were measured by specific enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results Human platelets could express functional TLR4. The detection rate of TLR4 on platelets were decreased after LPS involvement(P<0.01). It was noted that sCD40L and β-TG were present in large concentration in the release of platelets stimulated by TLR4 ligand but the release of IL-8 was independent of platelet activation after TLR4 engagement. The concentration of sCD40L and β-TG had no statistical difference between 1-5 μg/ml LPS. The effects of LPS on the modulation of secretory factors were attenuated by preincubation of platelets with an anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibody. Conclusion The TLR4 on platelet could recognize and link LPS, induce the release of sCD40L, β-TG by platelet, but could not influence IL-8.     

血小板表达TLR4调节LPS刺激血小板释放细胞因子的作用

Objective To affirm the expression of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the surface membrane of platelet and to explore the immunomodulatory factors[(interlukine-8(IL-8),β-thromboglobulin(β-TG), soluble CD40 ligand(sCD40L)] released by platelets after platelets stimulated by TLR4 ligand.Methods TLR4 expressed on the platelet was detected by flow cytometry. Monoclonal anti-human FcγRⅡantibody(Ⅳ.3)-treated human platelets were cultured with LPS in the presence or absence of blocking monoclonal antibody to human TLR4. The release of IL-8, β-TG, sCD40L were measured by specific enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results Human platelets could express functional TLR4. The detection rate of TLR4 on platelets were decreased after LPS involvement(P<0.01). It was noted that sCD40L and β-TG were present in large concentration in the release of platelets stimulated by TLR4 ligand but the release of IL-8 was independent of platelet activation after TLR4 engagement. The concentration of sCD40L and β-TG had no statistical difference between 1-5 μg/ml LPS. The effects of LPS on the modulation of secretory factors were attenuated by preincubation of platelets with an anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibody. Conclusion The TLR4 on platelet could recognize and link LPS, induce the release of sCD40L, β-TG by platelet, but could not influence IL-8.     

结核分枝杆菌肝素结合血凝素在结核病免疫应答中的研究

Objective To investigate the immune protection of heparin-hinding hemagglutinin ad-hesin(HBHA) and to estimate its potential diagnostic value. Methods Native HBHA were used to stimu-late peripheral blood mononuelear cells (PBMCs) from different infected-cases including PPD negative healthy control, PPD positive latent tuberculosis(LTB) infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, and the IFN-γ/in the supernatant of culture was detected. Meanwhile, HBHA specific IgG antibody in the sera was detected by ELISA. Results The middle level of HBHA specific IFN-γ of the three groups were 49.5 pg/ml, 781.9 pg/ml and 341.8 pg/ml, respectively. IFN-γ of latent tuberculosis group was much higher than that of the control, and slightly higher than that of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. And the absorbency of the IgG antibody to HBHA in the three groups was 0.212±0.066, 0.224 ± 0.076 and 0.285±0.078. lgG an-tibody in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is higher than that of the healthy, including the control and the latent tuberculosis infection. Conclusion HBHA has good immunogenieity, and it can stimulate the LTB to release high level IFN-γ, suggests that the LTB doesn't develop active tuberculosis may rely on its protection. HBHA specific. IFN-γ release may identify 1,333 from the healthy. Anti-HBHA antibody plays an auxiliary role in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.     

Effects of Glucocorticoids on Subgingival Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Rats with Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy

Objective:This paper aims to investigate the effect of glucocorticoid therapy on porphyromonas gingivalis(P.g)in subgingival plaque of rats with adriamycin-induced nephrotoxicity(ADR),and to realize the correlation between periodontitis nephrotic and glucocorticoid applications.Methods:60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups and normal group,and nephropathy group,30 rats in each group.The rats in the nephropathy group were given 4 mg/kg adriamycin injection via tail vein to establish ADR model at the interval of 2 weeks.After the establishment of ADR model,the rats of the two groups were randomly selected 10 rats to be sacrificed and make the kidney pathological sections.Remaining 40 rats,20 rats in the normal group were randomly divided into control group and glucocorticoids-treated group,10 rats in each group.Nephropathy group were divided into ADR group and ADR+glucocorticoids-treated group,10 rats in each group.Glucocorticoids-treated group and ADR+glucocorticoids-treated group were given methylprednisolone 30 mg/(kg·d)for 10 weeks,control group and ADR group were given equal volume of normal saline.The subgingival plaque of rats was used to detect the detection rate and detection quantity of P.g in samples by using SYBR Green real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)technique.Results:The detection quantity of P.g in ADR+glucocorticoids-treated group was higher than that in other three groups(P0.05),and the detection quantity of P.g in ADR group was higher than those in control group and glucocorticoids-treated group(P0.05).The detection rates of P.g in control group and glucocorticoids-treated group were 40%and 50%respectively.The detection rate of P.g in ADR group and ADR+glucocorticoids-treated group was 90%,which was higher than that in control group and glucocorticoids-treated group(P0.05).Conclusion:The level of P.g in rats was correlated with chronic kidney disease and the application of glucocorticoid,suggesting that the periodontal condition of ADR rats was affected by nephropathy and glucocorticoid therapy.     

The Effect of Bioceramic Composite Extracellular Matrixes Used to Repair Bone Deficiency on Relevant Blood Biochemical Indices

At the base of experimental animal model construction of bone defect in New Zealand rabbit, the promoting repair effect of bioactive ceramics on bone defect as well as its machanism was studied through testing body mineral elements, enzymes related to bone morphogenetic proteins and some biochemical indexes. Refering to some documents, materials of TCP, CHA and HA were combined and TCP/BMP/ TCP-β1 and CHA/BMP/ TCP-β1, HA/BMP/ TCP-β1 composite materials were made. All kinds of them were implanted into the radial defect site of rabbit, respectively. The chosen blood indexes （Ca, P, ALP, GGT, AST, ALT, TPA, BUN and Cr） were tested by colorimetry, speed rate and bromocresol green testing methods. No abnormal effects were found in any animal after operation. Serum concentrations of Ca, P and ALP were increased with the length of time in all groups of the three kinds of composite material, mixed material and pure materials. The increases in composite material groups were more significant （ P 〈 0.05）. Comparison of the three kinds of material showed TCP 〉 CHA 〉 HA. There was a tendency of increased TPA and decreased BUN with the length of time. There was no significant difference between the composite material groups and pure material group （P 〉 0.05）. The three kinds of bioactive ceramics composed of extracellular matrix could increase the serum concentrations of Ca and P and activity of ALP after being implanted into defect bone and showed some repairing capacity. This provided a new area of machanism study of bone defect repair by biomaterials.     

Enhancement of Transdermal Drug Delivery by ns Q-swithed Nd ：YAG Laser-induced Pressure Wave

A non-invasive laser enhancing transdermal drug delivery technique has been investigated. The second harmonic wavelength of 532 nm of a Q-Switched Nd：YAG laser with pulse duration of 15 ns was used to irradiate on a black polyethylene sheet covering on the surface of the drug solution, and hence produced pressure waves in the solution. Porcine skin and Rhodamine B were used as skin model and reagent respectively. Fluorescence microscope was employed to examine the mechanisms of drug delivery via the skin samples after laser treatment. The experiment revealed that the penetration depth of Rhodamine B under the illumination of laser increased with the energy density of the laser beam. After 20 laser shots at laser energy density of 70 m J/cm^2, the penetration depth reached 440 μm in 30 minutes, which was about three times as that without laser illumination. One possible explanation was that laser-induced pressure waves formed microchannels in the stratum corneum of the skin tissue. These microchannels provided much more effective paths for infiltration of Rhodamine B through the SC than follicular and intercellular paths. The drug solution diffused into the SC under the concentration gradient through the channels.