Magnitude,trends and causes of maternal mortality among reproductive aged women in Kersa health and demographic surveillance system,eastern Ethiopia

Background

Despite efforts at curbing maternal morbidity and mortality, developing countries are still burdened with high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. Ethiopia is not an exception and has one of the world’s highest rates of maternal deaths. Reducing the huge burden of maternal mortality remains the single most serious challenge in Ethiopia. There is a paucity of information with regards to the local level magnitude and causes of maternal mortality. We assessed the magnitude, trends and causes of maternal mortality using surveillance data from the Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), in Eastern Ethiopia.

Method

The analysis used surveillance data extracted from the Kersa HDSS database for the duration of 2008 to 2014. Data on maternal deaths and live births during the seven year period were used to determine the maternal mortality ratio in the study. The data were mainly extracted from a verbal autopsy database. The sample was comprised of all reproductive aged women who died during pregnancy, childbirth or 42?days after delivery. Chi-squared test for linear trend was used to examine the significance of change in rates over time.

Results

Out of the total 311 deaths of reproductive aged women during the study period, 72 (23.2%) died during pregnancy or within 42?days of delivery. The overall estimated maternal mortality ratio was 324 per 100,000 live births (95% CI: 256, 384). The observed maternal mortality ratio has shown a declining trend over the seven years period though there is no statistical significance for the reduction (χ²?=?0.56, P?=?0.57). The estimated pregnancy related mortality ratio was 543 per 100,000 live births (95% CI: 437, 663). Out of those who died due to pregnancy and related causes, only 26% attended at least one antenatal care service. The most common cause of maternal death was postpartum haemorrhage (46.5%) followed by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (16.3%).

Conclusion

The magnitude of maternal mortality is considerably high but has shown a decreasing trend. Community-based initiatives that aim to improve maternal health should be strengthened further to reduce the prevailing maternal mortality. Targeted information education and communication should be provided.

     

影响孕产妇死亡的相关因素分析

目的:探讨河南省孕产妇死亡原因及影响因素,制定切实可行的干预措施,降低孕产妇死亡率。方法:回顾性分析河南省1996～2008年25个孕产妇死亡监测点的资料。结果:13年河南省分娩活产总数2 183 132例,孕产妇死亡共计1 077例,死亡率为49.33/10万。其中城市死亡125例,死亡率为24.19/10万;农村死亡952例,死亡率为57.13/10万。2008年孕产妇死亡率为22.16/10万,与2000年孕产妇死亡率54.53/10万相比下降了59.23%。孕产妇的前5位死因依次为产科出血,妊娠期高血压疾病,羊水栓塞,妊娠合并心脏病,妊娠合并肝脏疾病。其中城市孕产妇的死因前5位为产科出血,羊水栓塞,肺栓塞,妊娠期高血压疾病,妊娠合并心脏病;农村孕产妇的死因前5位为产科出血,羊水栓塞,肺栓塞,妊娠期高血压疾病,妊娠合并心脏病。评审结果为可避免死亡807例,占74.93%;不可避免死亡270例,占25.07%。结论:河南省孕产妇死亡因素与孕产妇保健服务情况、文化程度、经济收入水平密切相关,经济收入低、文化水平低、保健服务差孕产妇死亡率高。     

衡阳市2005—2012年孕产妇死亡相关因素分析与干预措施

目的分析2005—2012年湖南省衡阳市孕产妇死亡案例,寻找影响孕产妇死亡的相关因素,为制定降低孕产妇死亡率的有效措施提供依据。方法回顾性分析衡阳市2005—2012年孕产妇死亡的个案调查资料,采用WHO十二格表进行评审分析。结果①孕产妇死亡率：2005—2012年衡阳市孕产妇死亡率呈下降趋势,2012年孕产妇死亡率为26．71／10万。②死亡孕产妇系统管理率：190例死亡孕产妇中仅40例进行了孕期系统管理,占21.05％。⑧死亡原因构成比及顺位：前4位死因依次为产科出血、妊娠合并内科疾病、妊娠高血压疾病、栓塞性疾病。④评审结论：190例死亡孕产妇可避免死亡为150例,不可避免死亡为40例。结论加强孕产妇健康教育,提高孕产妇系统管理质量,加强产科人员技术培训,严格准入制度,取缔非法接生,杜绝非专业人员跨行接生,建立孕产妇急救绿色通道、危急重症孕产妇转诊一步到位等是降低孕产妇死亡的重要措施。     

2011—2018年乌鲁木齐市孕产妇死亡与孕产期保健服务相关性研究

目的 探讨乌鲁木齐市2011—2018年孕产妇死亡原因及影响因素,为进一步降低孕产妇死亡率提供科学依据。方法 对乌鲁木齐市2011—2018年孕产妇死亡情况、主要死因和孕产期保健服务情况进行描述,并分析影响因素。结果 2011—2018年乌鲁木齐市死亡孕产妇39例,孕产妇死亡率从2011年15.9/10万下降到2018年6.6/10万,死亡原因前三位分别是产科出血、妊娠合并症、羊水栓塞。孕产妇死亡率与住院分娩率和产前检查率呈负相关,住院分娩率是孕产妇死亡率的主要影响因素。结论 要进一步降低孕产妇死亡率需加强孕产妇高危预警和分级管理、提高基层人员技术水平、保证妇幼保健服务质量。     

宝安区降低流动人口孕产妇死亡率的干预措施及效果评价

目的对宝安区孕产妇死亡主要发生在流动人群这一特殊性,进行干预措施前后分析,为进一步减少孕产妇死亡提供决策依据。方法针对导致特殊人群孕产妇死亡原因的变化趋势,制定干预措施,对宝安区2000年1月1日—2005年12月31日发生死亡的孕产妇进行分析。结果流动人口孕产妇死亡率远高于常住人口的孕产妇死亡率,孕产妇死亡发生率6年平均分别为:流动人口90.19/10万、常住人口15.17/10万。导致孕产妇死亡的主要原因前5位顺位为产科出血、羊水栓塞、妊娠高血压综合征、妊娠合并心脏病、妊娠合并肝炎等,前四年第1位死因均为产科出血,近两年羊水栓塞跃居第一位。实施干预措施后,流动人口孕产妇死亡率2005年与2000年比较大幅度下降,从2000年的212.99/10万下降到2005年的53.53/10万,在2000年基础上下降超过3/5。结论实施干预措施对降低流动人口孕产妇死亡率具有重要作用。     

西安市2000～2008年孕产妇死亡趋势与原因探析

目的 探讨孕产妇死亡的变化趋势、影响因素、根本原因及其风险因素,以改善应对措施,确保母婴安全.方法 对西安市2000～2008年常住人口和流动人口中死亡的孕产妇资料,使用Excel数据库进行资料录入,利用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计学分析.结果 西安市常住人口中孕产妇死亡率有逐年下降的趋势,平均为36.06/10万,2008年在2000年的基础上显著下降了57.28%(χ2=5.205,P=0.030<0.05);流动人口中的孕产妇死亡率平均为213.45/10万,流动人口中的孕产妇死亡率显著高于常住人口中的孕产妇死亡率(χ2=60.814,P=0.000<0.05);孕产妇死亡的前5位死因依次是产后出血、羊水栓塞、妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠合并症、胎盘早剥;孕产妇产后出血的死亡率有逐年下降的趋势;死亡孕产妇中高危年龄占到17.24%,88.28%居住在农村地区;孕期仅有37.24%产前检查达到5次;死亡孕产妇的孕期系统保健管理率(χ2=410.648,P=0.000<0.05 )与住院分娩率(χ2=56.485,P=0.000<0.05)显著低于全市;孕产妇死亡率与孕期系统保健管理率(r =-0.719,P<0.05)、住院分娩率(r=-0.799,P<0.01)呈显著负相关;评审结果显示死亡孕产妇中有85.90%是可以避免或创造条件可以避免的死亡.结论 西安市常住人口中孕产妇死亡率已经达到<西安市妇女发展纲要(2001～2010年)>目标,但85.9%是可以避免的死亡.应不断提高孕产妇的早孕检查率、系统保健管理率、住院分娩率,加强高危孕产妇的监管,将可避免的孕产妇死亡降到最低水平.     

2001～2010年甘肃省平凉市孕产妇死亡率变化趋势及死因构成分析

目的:分析平凉市2001～2010年孕产妇死亡率变化趋势、主要死亡原因及变化特征,为进一步降低孕产妇死亡率提供科学依据。方法:对131例死亡孕产妇观察资料进行回顾性调查,分析孕产妇死亡率变化及死亡原因。结果:平凉市孕产妇死亡率从2001年的69.84/10万下降到2010年的37.35/10万,降幅为46.52%;产科出血(46.56%)、妊娠合并内科疾病(23.66%)、妊娠期高血压疾病(15.27%)、羊水栓塞(6.87%)等是造成孕产妇死亡的主要原因。结论:2001～2010年平凉市孕产妇死亡率整体呈下降趋势,产科出血为导致孕产妇死亡的主要原因。     

2000～2013年广州市花都区孕产妇死亡影响因素分析

目的分析影响孕产妇死亡的相关因素,为降低孕产妇死亡率提出干预措施建议。方法回顾性分析广州市花都区2000~2013年孕产妇死亡报表、核实调查报告、病历摘要及死亡评审资料。结果14年中孕产妇死亡65例,平均孕产妇死亡率户籍人口为21.73/10万,全人口为38.45/10万。近14年孕产妇死亡率逐年下降,尤其是流动人口孕产妇死亡率明显降低。死因顺位前3位依次为羊水栓塞、产后出血和妊娠期高血压疾病。2008年及以前涉及非法接生引起的产后出血和羊水栓塞是孕产妇死亡的主要原因,2008年后妊娠合并内科疾病导致的孕产妇死亡不断增加。结论孕产妇死亡受医学和社会诸多因素影响。降低孕产妇死亡率,一是加强流动人口孕期管理,杜绝非法接生;二是加强对急危重症孕产妇救治,进一步提高对异位妊娠的识别诊治水平。     

“降消”干预对孕产妇死亡的影响

目的研究2005—2011年影响深圳市孕产妇死亡率(Maternal Mortailty Ratio,MMR)下降的相关因素,总结推广确保母婴安全的有效干预措施。方法从深圳市妇幼卫生监测系统提取2005—2011年的孕产妇死亡资料,并研究参加死亡个案的评审资料,采用回顾性对比分析法。结果 (1)深圳市全人口的活产数从2005年的93599人次上升到2011年的181969人次,增加了94.41%;孕产妇死亡率从2005年的49.72/10万下降到2011年的9.89/10万,下降了81.00%,死亡率平均下降速度为11.56%;其中流动孕产妇死亡率从2005年的67.91/10万下降到2011年的12.74/10万。(2)2006—2011年间全人口孕产妇死亡170例,其中流动孕产妇124例(72.94%);死亡孕产妇中初中以下文化程度占80.59%;保健次数在1次以下的占75.88%(全部为流动孕产妇);30.00%的孕产妇死亡发生在非合法分娩地点;(3)直接产科因素造成的死亡有119例(流动孕产妇占55.88%);非产科原因导致的死亡有42例(流动孕产妇占14.12%)。主要死因排序:产科出血(23.53%)、羊水栓塞(15.88%)、妊娠期高血压疾病(14.70%)、异位妊娠(11.18%)和妊娠合并心脏病(7.05%)。常住孕产妇死因排序:异位妊娠(5.88%)、羊水栓塞(3.53%)、妊娠期高血压疾病(3.53%)、妊娠合并脑血管意外(2.94%)、妊娠合并肝脏和合并感染性疾病(2.35%)。流动孕产妇死因排序是:产科出血(21.76%)、羊水栓塞(12.35%)、妊娠期高血压疾病(11.18%)、异位妊娠(5.29%)和妊娠合并心脏病(5.88%);(4)2005年以后深圳市采取了一系列干预措施来保障母婴安全,促使全市全人口孕产妇死亡率显著下降,直接产科因素导致的死亡呈逐渐下降趋势,出血死亡专率从2005年的11.75/10万下降到2011年的3.84/10万;子宫破裂死因构成比从2006—2008年的2.94%下降到2009—2011年的0。结论 (1)"降消"项目实施后,深圳市孕产妇死亡率显著下降,显示了采取一系列干预措施的有效性。(2)社会保险制度完善、逐渐实现全人口免费孕产期保健服务将是进一步降低孕产妇死亡率的有效举措。     

广东省30年孕产妇死亡的变化

目的 了解广东省30年内孕产妇死亡及其影响因素的变化,为有针对性地进行干预,降低孕产妇死亡率提供依据.方法 采用孕产妇死亡监测资料和评审资料,用SPSS和Epi Info统计软件分析处理数据.结果 广东省30年孕产妇死亡率呈下降趋势,1978年全省孕产妇死亡率为142.4/10万,1990下降到88.3/10万.1992～2008年全省监测地区的孕产妇死亡率由32.5/10万下降到2008年的19.5/10万(χ2=57.35,P=0.0000<0.01).死因分类也发生了变化,产科出血比例下降(χ2=18.96,P=0.0002<0.01),羊水栓塞(χ2=8.87,P=0.0310<0.05)、妊娠合并内科疾病(χ2=40.89,P=0.0000<0.01)比例有上升趋势;死亡孕产妇产前检查的比例平均为41.4%;在家分娩的比例已逐渐减少(χ2=40.89,P=0.0000<0.01);主要的死亡地点在县级以上医疗机构,在家死亡和在乡镇卫生院死亡的比例下降(χ2=39.28,P=0.0000<0.01;χ2=7.34,P=0.0250<0.05).在孕产妇死亡评审中,可避免死亡的比例较高,个人因素的影响比例最高;医疗服务因素的影响以乡镇卫生院的比例较高,并且有上升趋势(χ2=42.05,P=0.0000<0.01).结论 广东省30年降低孕产妇死亡工作的成绩归功于干预措施的有效落实.今后全省降低孕产妇死亡的工作重点将是继续加强对服务人群的健康教育,普及围生期保健知识,增强个体的知识技能;同时不断提高乡镇卫生院/县区级医院的服务能力,重点加强在产科出血、羊水栓塞和妊娠合并内科疾病防治方面的能力建设.     

Maternal Deaths in a Tertiary Health Care Centre of Odisha: An In-depth Study Supplemented by Verbal Autopsy

Background:

Maternal mortality is a reflection of the care given to women by its society. It is tragic that deaths occur during the natural process of child birth and most of them are preventable.

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to find out the causes and contributing factors of maternal deaths.

Materials and Methods:

All maternal deaths occurring in a year in the medical college and hospital were traced and interviews were taken from the relatives as well as the health care providers who were present at the time of death of the woman.

Results:

Out of the total maternal deaths, 72% belonged to 20-30 yrs age group, also 46.5% were illiterate, and majority deaths (60.5%) were from low socio-economics status. Direct causes were responsible for 76.7% of maternal deaths. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were most common (32.6%) cause of direct deaths, while malaria (9.3%) and anemia (7%) were most common indirect causes. Most of the women had to use their own resources to travel to health care facilities. Delays at different levels, often in combination, contributed to the maternal deaths.

Conclusions:

The study will serve as an eye-opener to the bottlenecks present in the community as well as in the health facility so as to take appropriate measures to prevent maternal deaths.     

1999-2018年深圳市宝安区孕产妇死亡情况分析

目的 了解1999-2018年深圳市宝安区的孕产妇死亡情况及其变化趋势.方法 从原始登记表和深圳市妇幼保健管理系统获取宝安区近20年孕产妇死亡个案资料进行整理,统计分析孕产妇死亡率、死亡变化趋势、死亡特征及死亡原因.结果 1999-2018年宝安区年平均孕产妇死亡率为18.86/10万;总体呈下降趋势,从1999-20...     

株洲市2005-2011年孕产妇死亡监测结果分析与经验探讨

目的 探讨株洲市孕产妇死亡相关因素及降低死亡率的有效措施. 方法 株洲市妇幼保健院收集上报孕产妇个案调查表,结合十二表格评审法,对2005 - 2011年67例孕产妇进行死因评审分析. 结果 株洲市7年孕产妇死亡率整体逐年下降,2010年略微反弹,2011年降至历史最低.平均孕产妇死亡率:19.32/10万,死亡原因前三位的是:产科出血、妊娠合并内科疾病、羊水栓塞,其中栓塞性疾病发生呈增多趋势. 结论 健全的三级网络、加强各级医疗保健技术人员的业务水平,加强孕产妇的系统管理,注重高危面访工作,做好孕产妇死亡的评审工作,加大卫生行政部门监管力度,可有效降低孕产妇死亡率.     

北京市东城区十年孕产妇死亡监测分析

目的:调查北京市东城区辖区医院1997～2006年孕产妇死亡情况,探讨孕产妇死亡的主要原因及变化趋势,寻求降低孕产妇死亡的有效途径。方法:对10年间辖区医院产科死亡的27例孕产妇监测资料进行回顾性分析,对前5年和后5年的孕产妇死亡率和死因进行比较。结果:辖区医院产科10年总活产数104858人次,孕产妇死亡27例,死亡率为25.75/10万;前5年孕产妇死亡率为45.02/10万,后5年孕产妇死亡率为13.87/10万;主要死因构成为妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期肝病、产科出血、羊水栓塞、心脏病、脑出血、宫外孕,妊娠期高血压疾病和妊娠期肝病分别为第一、二位死因,死亡孕产妇的直接产科原因占59.26%;死亡孕产妇中围产期未进行系统保健的占55.56%,外地流动人口占62.96%。结论:东城区辖区医院10年来孕产妇死亡率呈下降趋势,死因顺位亦发生变化,妊娠期肝病已超过妊娠期高血压疾病成为第一位死因;外地流动人口围产期不进行系统保健已对围产保健质量构成威胁,孕产妇系统管理如何有效覆盖流动人口已经成为该区所面临的主要问题;提高医疗机构处理妊娠合并症的急救抢救能力,也是今后围产工作的重点。     

Maternal Mortality Predictors in Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are multisystem disorders unique to human pregnancy. They are becoming the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide, with the majority of deaths occurring in low income countries. However, little is known about the predictors of maternal mortality in women with HDP.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2008 and 2013 in three university teaching hospitals among 1015 women admitted with a diagnosis of HDP. Statistically significant associations were assessed by the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence using the Cox proportional hazards model and by the Log Rank test using the Kaplan-Meier survival analyses.

Results

There were 51(5%) maternal deaths and the majority died after they developed eclampsia. The median delay in arrival among the deaths was longer than the survivors. The multivariate survival analyses showed an increased risk of maternal mortality among women with eclampsia (HR=8.4), no antenatal care (HR=2.3), being grand multiparous (HR=2.8), having low diastolic blood pressure (HR=4.5), high creatinine level (HR=9.9), use of diazepam as anticonvulsant (HR=2.7) and untreated with antihypertensive drug (HR=4.2).

Conclusions

The case fatality rate of HDP was among the highest in the world and a delay in initiation of treatment because of delay in health care-seeking contributed to the majority of maternal deaths.     

2000-2013年度广州市花都区孕产妇死亡原因分析

目的 分析广州市花都区孕产妇死亡原因,了解孕产妇管理系统及救治过程中存在的问题,为制订降低孕产妇死亡率的干预措施提供科学依据.方法 回顾性分析广州市花都区2000-2013年度孕产妇死亡病例资料及评审结果.结果 在研究的14年中,广州市花都区活产数逐年增加,平均年增长率为10.58%.孕产妇死亡率在广州花都区户籍人口平均为21.73/105,在全人口平均为38.45/105,近14年孕产妇死亡共计65例,其死亡率逐年下降,尤其在流动人口中孕产妇死亡率降低明显.导致孕产妇死亡原因中,直接产科死因为64.62%,间接产科死因为30.77%,死因不明为4.62%.其中,居于前5位的孕产妇死因分别为羊水栓塞、产后出血、妊娠合并心脏病、妊娠期高血压疾病和异位妊娠.结论 孕产妇死亡原因呈多元化趋势,死因构成比的变化为探索新的产科服务模式提出新的挑战.专业技能培训和孕产期系统保健是母婴安康的保障.     

吉林省2014-2019年孕产妇死亡分析

目的 探讨孕产妇死亡的相关因素,为卫生行政部门制定相关政策提供依据,进一步降低孕产妇死亡率.方法 收集2014-2019年发生在吉林省的孕产妇死亡共计167例,将基本情况、死因诊断、省级评审结果等逐一进行统计分析.结果 6年间,孕产妇死亡率总体呈下降趋势(P＜0.05),近三年孕产妇死亡年龄较前升高(P＜0.05),死...     

National mortality burden due to communicable,non-communicable,and other diseases in Ethiopia, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background

Ethiopia lacks a complete vital registration system that would assist in measuring disease burden and risk factors. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) estimates to describe the mortality burden from communicable, non-communicable, and other diseases in Ethiopia over the last 25 years.

Methods

GBD 2015 mainly used cause of death ensemble modeling to measure causes of death by age, sex, and year for 195 countries. We report numbers of deaths and rates of years of life lost (YLL) for communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) disorders, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and injuries with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) for Ethiopia from 1990 to 2015.

Results

CMNN causes of death have declined by 65% in the last two-and-a-half decades. Injury-related causes of death have also decreased by 70%. Deaths due to NCDs declined by 37% during the same period. Ethiopia showed a faster decline in the burden of four out of the five leading causes of age-standardized premature mortality rates when compared to the overall sub-Saharan African region and the Eastern sub-Saharan African region: lower respiratory infections, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and diarrheal diseases; however, the same could not be said for ischemic heart disease and other NCDs. Non-communicable diseases, together, were the leading causes of age-standardized mortality rates, whereas CMNN diseases were leading causes of premature mortality in 2015. Although lower respiratory infections, tuberculosis, and diarrheal disease were the leading causes of age-standardized death rates, they showed major declines from 1990 to 2015. Neonatal encephalopathy, iron-deficiency anemia, protein-energy malnutrition, and preterm birth complications also showed more than a 50% reduction in burden. HIV/AIDS-related deaths have also decreased by 70% since 2005. Ischemic heart disease, hemorrhagic stroke, and ischemic stroke were among the top causes of premature mortality and age-standardized death rates in Ethiopia in 2015.

Conclusions

Ethiopia has been successful in reducing deaths related to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional deficiency diseases and injuries by 65%, despite unacceptably high maternal and neonatal mortality rates. However, the country’s performance regarding non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease, was minimal, causing these diseases to join the leading causes of premature mortality and death rates in 2015. While the country is progressing toward universal health coverage, prevention and control strategies in Ethiopia should consider the double burden of common infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases: lower respiratory infections, diarrhea, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. Prevention and control strategies should also pay special attention to the leading causes of premature mortality and death rates caused by non-communicable diseases: cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. Measuring further progress requires a data revolution in generating, managing, analyzing, and using data for decision-making and the creation of a full vital registration system in the country.

     

An assessment of pregnancy-related mortality in the United States

Deaths from pregnancy complications remain an important public health concern. Nationally, two systems collect information on the number of deaths and characteristics of the women who died from complications of pregnancy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reports maternal mortality through the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS); CDC National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion's Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System (PMSS) conducts epidemiological surveillance of pregnancy-related deaths. The numbers of deaths reported by these two systems have differed over the past two decades; our objective was to determine the magnitude and nature of these differences. For 1995-97, we compared maternal deaths in the NVSS with pregnancy-related deaths in PMSS for the 50 States, Washington DC and New York City. Pregnancy-related deaths whose underlying cause was assigned to ICD-9 codes 630-676 by NVSS were classified as maternal deaths; those coded outside 630-676 were not. There were 1387 pregnancy-related deaths in PMSS and 898 maternal deaths in the NVSS; 54% of these deaths were reported in both systems, 40% in PMSS only, and 6% in NVSS only. Pregnancy-related deaths due to haemorrhage, embolism, and hypertensive complications of pregnancy were proportionately more often identified by NVSS as maternal deaths than those from cardiovascular complications, medical conditions or infection. From the 1471 unduplicated deaths classified as maternal or pregnancy-related from either reporting system, we estimated a combined pregnancy-related mortality ratio of 12.6/100,000 live births for 1995-97, compared with 11.9 for PMSS only and 7.5 for NVSS only. The identification and classification of these events is dependent on the provision of complete and accurate cause-of-death information on death certificates. Changes in the guidelines for coding maternal deaths under ICD-10 may change the relationship in the number of deaths resulting from pregnancy reported by these two systems.     

青岛市2001-2010年孕产妇死亡情况

目的通过对青岛市2001-2010年孕产妇死亡资料的分析,了解孕产妇系统管理存在的问题,为进一步降低孕产妇死亡率提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,对2001-2010年孕产妇死亡病历资料及评审结果、十二格表分类进行分析比较。结果青岛市10年间产妇总数为739 919,活产数为742 308,孕产妇死亡83例,孕产妇死亡率平均11.18/10万。孕产妇死亡率逐年下降,从2001年的18.61/10万,降至2010年的9.09/10万。孕产妇死亡前5位原因依次为产后出血、羊水栓塞、妊娠高血压疾病、肺栓塞、先天性心脏病。结论青岛市近10年孕产妇死亡率逐年下降。要进一步降低全市孕产妇死亡率,必须继续提高全市尤其农村地区产科诊疗水平,提高孕妇自我保健能力。