缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉狭窄程度与同型半胱氨酸相关性分析

目的 研究缺血性脑卒中患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的变化,以探讨Hcy水平与颈动脉狭窄程度的相关性.方法 选取颈动脉狭窄的缺血性脑卒中患者130例,依据彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉狭窄程度的结果将其分为4组:轻度狭窄组(32例)、中度狭窄组(35例)、重度狭窄组(33例)、闭塞组(30例).选择同期在本院的健康成年人30例为对照组.分别测定各组血浆Hcy、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平,并进行比较.结果 缺血性脑卒中组各组与对照组TC、TG、LDL水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而血浆Hcy水平则明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组、轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组、重度狭窄组、闭塞组血浆Hcy水平依次升高,各组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血浆Hcy水平与颈动脉狭窄程度之间呈正相关(r=0.835,P＜0.05),但与TC、TG、LDL水平无相关(r分别为0.031、0.012、0.018,P＞0.05).结论 Hcy与颈动脉狭窄程度有密切相关性,Hcy为缺血性脑卒中发病的危险因素.     

妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆Pro BNP水平及其临床意义

目的 观察妊娠期高血压疾病患者Pro BNP水平及临床意义。方法 选择在我院行剖宫产术的妊娠期高血压疾病患者89例为HDCP组,包括妊娠高血压24例,轻度子痫前期21例,重度子痫前期44例;同期在我院行剖宫产术的妊娠晚期健康妇女88例为对照组,采用电化学发光法检测各组Pro BNP并对比。结果 HDCP组Pro BNP为（844.02±788.74）pg/ml,显著高于对照组的（142.90±187.20）pg/ml,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,轻度子痫前期组和重度子痫前期组Pro BNP均显著增高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与妊娠高血压组相比,轻度子痫前期组和重度子痫前期组Pro BNP显著增高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。重度子痫前期组Pro BNP显著高于轻度子痫前期组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆Pro BNP水平高于妊娠晚期健康妇女,检测妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆Pro BNP水平可及时了解早期心肌细胞损害及心脏功能情况,对了解病情、观察疗效和预后判断具有重要价值。     

伴与不伴焦虑的女性抑郁症患者外周血性激素、皮质醇及C-反应蛋白特征比较

目的:探讨伴或不伴焦虑的女性抑郁症患者外周血性激素、皮质醇、C-反应蛋白的特征。方法:采用DSM-5诊断标准诊断抑郁症,采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表评估焦虑症状,最终纳入47名伴焦虑的女性抑郁症患者及31名不伴焦虑的女性抑郁症患者。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清性激素、皮质醇水平,免疫透射比浊法测定血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果:伴焦虑症状的女性抑郁症患者与不伴焦虑症状的女性抑郁症患者相比,外周血雌二醇(E2)水平显著下降(t=-2.46,P0.05);泌乳素(PRL)水平则显著升高(t=2.14,P0.05);黄体生成素(LH2)、睾酮(TES)、卵泡生成素(FSH)及皮质醇(COR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)均没有显著差异(P0.05)。结论:伴/不伴焦虑的女性抑郁症患者外周血性激素水平存在不同表现,但皮质醇和CRP未见类似现象。     

OSAHS患者腭咽组织血管内皮生长因子水平与微血管密度相关性分析

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者腭咽组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平与微血管密度(MVD)的相关性.方法 选择经多导睡眠监测仪(PSG)确诊的40例OSAHS患者组织标本(其中轻度7例,中度12例,重度21例),其中男性36例,女性4例;年龄29～62岁.6例无鼾症患者的软腭组织作为对照组,其中男性5例,女性1例;年龄18-58岁.采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法染色腭咽部组织,用光学显微镜观察其病理组织学改变,酶联免疫吸附分析检测血浆、腭咽组织匀浆中VEGF的含量,免疫组织化学技术检测MVD的表达情况.结果 酶联免疫吸附分析显示,OSAHS患者血浆及腭咽组织匀浆中VEGF水平均明显高于对照组,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01);中、重度OSA HS组与对照组比较,MVD表达差异均有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01),轻度组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);组织匀浆中VEGF水平与MVD呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论 OSAHS患者腭咽部存在新生血管生成,与缺氧程度有关,VEGF在其发生发展过程中可能起到重要作用.     

72例急性心肌梗死患者治疗前后血清尿酸水平变化分析

目的 探讨血尿酸(SUA)水平与急性心肌梗死之间的关系.方法 对我院收治的72例心肌梗死患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,并以70例健康体检者为对照,比较两组患者年龄、性别、血尿酸水平,并对照心肌梗死患者出院和入院时SUA水平.结果 心肌梗死组患者年龄明显高于健康体检患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),男性比例高于女性,但是差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).心肌梗死组患者入院时空腹SUA水平明显高于健康体检组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),经过治疗患者出院时SUA下降明显,和治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),和健康体检患者SUA水平比较差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 心肌梗死患者血尿酸水平明显高于健康人,检查患者治疗前后血尿酸水平可以从一定程度上反应患者的病情变化情况.     

血清睾酮、雌二醇水平与女性尿失禁的相关性研究

目的 研究血清睾酮、雌二醇水平对女性尿失禁严重程度的影响。方法 回顾性分析2009年5月~2016年5月本院收治的264例女性尿失禁患者的临床资料,根据尿失禁发病特点,分为压力性尿失禁、急迫性尿失禁、混合性尿失禁,检测尿失禁患者血清睾酮、雌二醇水平,分析血清睾酮、雌二醇水平与女性尿失禁的相关性。结果 压力、急迫和混合性尿失禁女性的血清睾酮、雌二醇水平低于无尿失禁女性,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;压力、急迫和混合性尿失禁女性的血清睾酮、雌二醇水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。血清低睾酮和低雌二醇水平与女性压力性尿失禁呈正相关（r=0.22,0.27,P＜0.05）。结论 血清睾酮、雌二醇水平低下的女性比正常女性尿失禁的发病率增加,血清睾酮、雌二醇水平低下与女性尿失禁增加有相关性。     

首发重度抑郁症患者血清中促炎物质水平的检测

目的：探讨首发重度抑郁症患者血清中促炎物质IL-1α、IL-6、IL-18、肿瘤坏死因子（ TNF-α）以及血清总补体活性（ CH50）水平的变化,以期对首发抑郁症的诊断有所帮助。方法采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）对首发抑郁症患者进行抑郁评分,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测49例首发重度抑郁症组患者和40例体检健康人正常对照组其血清中IL-1α、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α及CH50的水平。结果首发重度抑郁症患者血清中IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α及CH50水平与正常对照组差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,而IL-1α则无明显差异（P＞0．05）;在首发重度抑郁症男女性别分组中,血清中IL-1α水平差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α及CH50水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论细胞因子IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α及CH50可能参与或伴随首发重度抑郁症的发生和发展,可以作为首发重度抑郁症的辅助诊断指标。     

胎盘生长因子在子痫前期早期诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨外周血浆中胎盘生长因子（PLGF）对子痫前期（PE）患者的早期预测意义。方法 选取天津市第三中心医院收治的105例正常妊娠妇女（对照组）、69例轻度PE患者（轻度组）及54例重度PE患者（重度组）为研究对象,采用荧光免疫分方法测定血浆中PLGF的浓度。使用ROC曲线分析PLGF,预测PE发生的灵敏度和特异度。结果 重度组患者血清PIGF水平低于轻度组和对照组,且轻度组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清PIGF水平在预测PE发生中,曲线下面积0.962（95%CI:0.921~1.000,P＜0.05）,取截点值47.5 pg/ml,特异度为0.907,敏感度为0.900。结论 PE患者外周血PLGF水平明显降低,PLGF水平与疾病严重程度呈负相关,PLGF或许可以作为早期筛选PE患者的方法之一,预防和控制PE,为母婴安全提供帮助。     

凝血指标与肺癌患者病情相关性研究

目的 探讨肺癌患者初发、缓解、复发时各凝血指标的相关性.方法 对照组30名和经病理或细胞学证实的100例肺癌患者,根据临床病例分析分为初发组、复发组和缓解组.对各组凝血指标,包括凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原时间( FIB)、D-二聚体、抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)进行测定,比较各组间有无差异,并分析它们与肺癌病情变化的关系.结果 肺癌患者初发组和复发组血浆D-二聚体、FIB水平高于缓解组和对照组,AT-Ⅲ水平低于缓解组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PT、APTT差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).肺癌患者D-二聚体、FIB水平高于对照组,AT-Ⅲ水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),肺癌Ⅰ～Ⅱ期与Ⅲ～Ⅳ期比较以上三指标差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 常规凝血指标可以作为肺癌的诊断、治疗监测和预后指标,评估病情发展趋向.     

NT-proBNP对短暂性脑缺血发作患者近期脑卒中风险的预测价值

目的 探讨血清N末端B型利钠肽（NT-proBNP）对短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）患者近期脑卒中风险的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析2017年2月~2019年5月我院118例确诊为TIA患者的临床资料,将70例1个月内未发生脑卒中者作为对照组,48例发生卒中者作为观察组,按美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）分为轻度卒中组18例、中度卒中组16例、重度卒中组14例,分析TIA患者发生近期脑卒中的相关影响因素,比较四组NT-proBNP水平。结果 观察组与对照组单侧肢体无力比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组同侧颈动脉狭窄≥50%、存在DWI高信号、症状持续时间≥10 min比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,同侧颈动脉狭窄≥50%、存在DWI高信号、症状持续时间≥10 min是TIA患者发生近期脑卒中的独立影响因素（P＜0.05）。轻度、中度、重度脑卒中组NT-proBNP水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）;且随着脑卒中严重程度的加深,NT-proBNP水平不断提升,其中为轻度脑卒中组＜中度脑卒中组＜重度脑卒中组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,NT-proBNP水平对TIA患者近期脑卒中风险预测的曲线下面积分别为0.863、0.905、0.927。结论 短暂性脑缺血脑卒中患者血清NT-proBNP水平随卒中程度的加深而升高,NT-proBNP水平可作为临床预测TIA患者发展为脑卒中的有效指标。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964