尿液NGAL与KIM-1检测对高胆红素血症新生儿早期肾损伤诊断价值的研究

目的 探讨尿液中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)和肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)对高胆红素血症新生儿早期肾损伤的诊断价值.方法 选择衡水市人民医院足月产高胆红素血症新生儿271例作为观察组,按血清总胆红素水平和日龄大小分组,选同期非高胆红素血症新生儿60例作为对照组.检测所有新生儿尿NGAL、尿KIM-1以及血肌酐(Cr)、血尿素(BUN)的水平,对检测结果进行统计学分析.结果 高胆红素血症新生儿(观察组)的血清Cr、BUN水平与对照组之间差异不大(P＞0.05);而尿NGAL、尿KIM-1的水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);高胆红素血症患儿的尿NGAL和尿KIM-1水平均随血胆红素水平的升高而升高(P＜0.05),且尿NGAL和尿KIM-1与血胆红素水平均呈直线正相关,具有统计学意义(r=0.64、0.59,P＜0.05);观察组尿NGAL和尿KIM-1水平与Cr、BUN水平之间均有一定的相关性(P＜0.05),而尿NGAL与尿KIM-1之间高度相关(r=0.61,P＜0.05).结论 尿NGAL与尿KIM-1是较Cr、BUN更为敏感、准确地诊断新生儿高胆红素血症早期肾功能损害的指标.     

流行性出血热患者血清IL-18检测及其临床意义

本文对不同类型流行性出血热(HFRS)患者70例(轻中型组33例,危重型组37例)和对照组30名,采用ELISA法检测各组血清白介素-18(IL-18)含量并观察其动态变化,同时检测血小板(PLT)、尿蛋白(UP),血清BUN、Cr,以探讨HFRS患者检测IL-18的临床意义.结果表明各组患者血清IL-18含量均明显高于对照组(P＜0.001),危重型组IL-18含量增高幅度及持续时间均高于轻中型组(P＜0.01).危重型组死亡的5例患者血清IL-18含量高于生存者同期水平(P＜0.001).UP、BUN、Cr与IL-18之间呈正相关,PLT与IL-18呈负相关.病程前2天,轻中型组及危重型组IL-18升高者分别为72.7%和81.7%.IL-18与HFRS的病情严重程度有十分密切的关系.动态观察IL-18和联合UP、BUN检测有助于HFRS的早期诊断,病情监测及预后的判断.     

不同维持性血液透析效果的糖尿病肾病患者营养评估及个性化饮食护理

目的 评估不同维持性血液透析效果的糖尿病肾病患者营养状况并对其进行个性化饮食护理干预。方法 选择2017年2月~2019年1月于我院就诊并行维持性血液透析的糖尿病肾病患者76例,根据血液透析程度分为透析充分组与透析不充分组,各38例,予两组个性化饮食护理干预,比较两组干预前后的血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、肱三头肌皮褶厚度（TSF）、上臂肌围（AMC）、蛋白质、热能摄入水平及生活质量。结果 透析充分组血清CRP水平低于透析不充分组,TSF、AMC、Scr、BUN水平高于透析不充分组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;干预后,两组蛋白质、热能水平均增加,且透析充分组蛋白质、热能水平高于透析不充分组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;透析充分组生活质量优于透析不充分组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 血液透析充分的糖尿病肾病患者营养状况更优,经过个性化饮食护理干预后营养状况改善程度比透析不充分患者好,对改善病情、提高患者生存质量具有积极作用。     

终末期肾病微炎症反应与营养间关系的探讨

目的:通过测定终末期肾病(ESRD)非透析患者的微炎症指标C-反应蛋白(CRP),分析其与血红蛋白(Hb)、血浆白蛋白(Alb)之间的关系,探讨这些因素与ESRD患者贫血及低蛋白血症的关系及途径.方法:40例ESRD患者(研究组)根据血清CRP水平分为低CRP(＜5 mg/L)组22例及高CRP(＞5 mg/L)组18例,检测其血Hb、Alb水平,分析它们之间的关系,并与同期健康体检者30例(对照组)比较.结果:终末期肾病组Hb及Alb均明显低于健康对照组(P＜0.05),而CRP均明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.05);在研究组内比较,CRP与Hb、Alb呈负相关,高CRP组与低CRP组相比均有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:微炎症反应参与了ESRD患者并发贫血、营养不良的发生和发展过程.     

血清NGAL在原发性高血压患者早期肾损害及其预后危险分层中的应用价值探讨

目的 探讨血清NGAL(中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白)在原发性高血压(essential hypertention,EH)患者早期肾损害及高血压肾病(essential hypertensive kidney disease,EKD)危险分层中的应用价值.方法 选取EKD组204例,EH组517例,健康对照(healthy controls,HC)组150例,收集其血清尿素(Urea)、肌酐(Creatinine,Cr)、胱抑素C(cystatin C,CysC)、估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)、NGAL、补体C1q和尿蛋白/肌酐比值(albumin/creatinine ratio,ACR)等结果 ,以ACR与eGFR水平对EKD进行不良预后危险分层.分析以上指标与高血压患者肾损害发生的关联程度,采用ROC比较各指标单独或联合诊断EKD的性能,重点观察NGAL、Cr、Ure与Clq在EKD不良预后危险分层中的变化.结果 所观察的肾损害指标,在EH与HC间除Ure外差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),在EH与EKD间除C1q外差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与Ure、Cr和C1q相比,ACR、eGFR、NGAL与EKD发生关系更加密切(P<0.05);各指标检测诊断EKD的AUC大小依次为ACR(0.888)、eGFR(0.877)、NGAL(0.856)、Cr(0.820)、Ure(0.717)、Clq(0.548),eGFR/ACR/NGAL联合诊断模式的效能(AUC=0.981)显著高于其他模式(P<0.05);NGAL与Cr在肾损害危险分层中逐层增高,且在相邻两层间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 血清NGAL对EKD有较好的诊断价值,可作为EKD患者早期肾损害的补充诊断指标.     

不同钙离子浓度的腹膜透析液对腹膜透析患者血清胎球蛋白A水平及动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的 探讨不同Ca2+浓度腹膜透析液对腹膜透析患者血清胎球蛋白A水平和颈动脉粥样硬化的影响,以及两者间的关系.方法 2008年1月至2010年1月本科室收治30例终末期肾病(ESRD)患者,按完全随机法分为生理钙透析液组及普通钙透析液组,分别使用生理钙透析液(Ca2+浓度1.25 mmol/L)和普通钙透析液(Ca2+浓度1.75 mmol/L)进行腹膜透析治疗并随访观察1年.治疗前后检测患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白蛋白(Alb)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、钙磷乘积(Ca×P)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、胎球蛋白A水平,以及超声检测颈动脉斑块进展情况.10例体检的健康正常人作为健康对照组,检测其血清胎球蛋白A水平.结果 治疗前ESRD组与健康对照组血清胎球蛋白A水平分别为(276.20± 17.0)mg/L和(372.10±18.5)mg/L,ESRD组较健康对照组显著降低(P＜0.01).治疗前胎球蛋白A高水平组患者心血管事件发生率低于胎球蛋白A低水平组(P＜0.05).治疗1年后,生理钙透析液组患者颈动脉斑块进展显著慢于普通钙透析液组(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示颈动脉斑块进展与治疗前后血清胎球蛋白A水平变化值(△fetuin-A)有关联(β=0.320,P＜0.01).结论 生理钙透析液能够通过稳定血清胎球蛋白A水平延缓动脉粥样硬化进展,减少腹膜透析患者心血管事件的发生.     

心钠素和甲状旁腺素对血液透析低血压的影响

为探讨血透患者血清心钠素(ANF)和甲状旁腺素(iPTH)水平与血液透析低血压的关系, 采用放射免疫分析和免疫放射分析法分别测定36例维持性血透患者透析前后血清ANF和iPTH水平变化, 并分析其与低血压的关系. 结果发现: 血透患者ANF和iPTH总体水平显著高于对照组, 透析后总体水平显著低于透析前(P均小于0.01); 低血压组患者透析前血清ANF和iPTH水平均高于正常血压组(P均小于0.05); 透析后低血压组患者ANF水平较透析前显著降低(P＜0.05),但iPTH水平较透析前进一步增高(P＜0.05).结论: 血透中发作性低血压与患者血清ANF和iPTH水平升高有一定联系.     

联合检测血清CYSC/ RBP、尿NAG及MALB在糖尿病与高血压患者早期肾损伤中的临床应用

目的 探讨血清胱抑素C (CYSC)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)及尿微量白蛋白(MAlb)在糖尿病与高血压患者早期肾损伤中的临床应用.方法 采用日立公司生产的日立7180全自动生化分析仪测定196例病理上无明显肾小管间质病变但可能有早期肾损害的糖尿病与高血压患者及98名正常对照者血清中的CYSC、RBP、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)及尿中的MAlb /NAG的含量.结果 各检测指标的阳性率在不同疾病组明显高于对照组,阳性率依次为CYSC＞ RBP＞ NAG＞ MAlb＞ BUN＞ Cr,糖尿病伴高血压的患者各项指标的阳性率高于其他各组.所有患者早期肾功能损害组的CYSC、RBP /MAlb/ NAG水平均高于正常对照组(P＜0.01).血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)水平与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),糖尿病伴高血压的病人各项指标高于其他两组(P＜0.05).结论 CYSC /RBP /MAlb、NAG联合检测可作为糖尿病、高血压、糖尿病伴高血压的患者早期肾损伤的灵敏指标,对于这些患者早定期检查、早发现对早期诊断具有重要的临床意义.     

慢性肾功能不全患者CYFRA21-1水平与肾功能指标的相关性分析

目的 分析慢性肾功能不全患者血清中CYFRA21-1水平与肾功能有关指标的相关性,探讨CYFRA21-1在慢性肾功能不全患者血清中的表达及临床意义.方法 选取在我院进行健康体检者50人作为健康对照组;选取在我院肾脏内科住院的慢性肾功能不全患者50人作为慢性肾功能不全组,本组中再根据是否进行透析分为透析组(29人)和未透析组(21人),每组均抽血检测血清中CYFRA21-1、Cys-C和肌酐的浓度,并进行相关性分析.结果 慢性肾功能不全患者CYFRA21-1、Cys-C、肌酐水平均明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.01);透析组与未透析组之间CYFRA21-1和Cys-C水平无显著差异(P＞0.1);透析组CYFRA21-1与Cys-C水平呈正相关(r=0.61,P＜0.05),与肌酐水平无相关性;未透析组CYFRA21-1与Cys-C(r=0.63,P＜0.05)和肌酐(r=0.59,P＜0.05)水平呈正相关.结论 慢性肾功能不全患者CYFRA21-1水平较正常人明显升高,且与Cys-C水平有一定相关性,可能与肾小球滤过功能减退和肾脏的代谢异常有关.     

溃疡性结肠炎患者血清NGAL检测及意义

目的 探讨溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者血液中NGAL的含量和意义.方法 使用胶乳增强免疫比浊法检测89例UC患者血清中NGAL含量并与对照组比较.分析NGAL水平与UC患者WBC数量、PLT数量、CRP和Hgb、HCT、ESR、年龄、疾病活动程度(DAI)关系.结果 UC患者血清中NGAL水平显著高于健康对照组,中位数分别为112ng/mL和48.2ng/mL,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.0001).血清NGAL水平在轻度和中、重度UC患者血清NGAL中位数分别为78.2ng/mL和67.2ng/mL,差异有统计学意义(t=3.981,P=0.006).UC患者血清NGAL水平与WBC数量、PLT数量、CRP和Hgb、HCT、ESR、年龄无关(P＞0.05),与疾病活动程度(DAI)轻度相关(r=0.525,P＜0.0001).结论 溃疡性结肠炎患者血清NGAL水平升高,升高水平与疾病活动程度有关,但是其在疾病中的作用尚需进一步研究.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.