肝脏单发性囊性转移瘤的影像学表现

目的探讨肝脏单发囊性转移瘤的CT和MRI表现。方法回顾分析14例肝脏单发囊性转移瘤的CT（5例）和MRI（9例）表现。结果肝左叶5例，右叶9例。2例包膜下转移瘤呈扁丘形，其余12例呈圆形或类圆形。肿瘤直径0．7～5．5cm，平均2．7cm。病灶表现为均匀薄壁型2例，均匀厚壁型2例，不均匀厚壁型7例和分隔型3例。病灶的囊壁和分隔CT平扫呈低密度，MRI T1WI呈低信号，MRI T2WI呈高信号、无钙化。12例有强化，3例延迟增强MR扫描呈现外周冲洗现象。病灶囊内部分为水样密度或信号、无强化，3例有液平。病灶通常不伴肝硬化、门静脉栓子以及胆道扩张，但有时同时显示肝外原发肿瘤或者腹部他处转移灶。结论肝脏单发囊性转移瘤具有一定的CT和MRI特征，了解这些特征有助于此类病变的诊断与鉴别诊断。     

肝脏孤立性坏死结节的CT、MRI表现与病理对照研究

目的:探讨肝脏孤立性坏死结节(SNN)的CT、MRI表现及其分型诊断价值和病理基础.方法:分析经临床和病理证实的肝孤立性坏死结节29例(所有病例均行MR检查,其中15例行CT检查),探讨SNN的CT、MRI表现及其分型诊断价值和病理基础.结果:①单纯凝固性坏死型(14例),T1WI、T2WI上均呈低或低-等信号,增强扫描病灶内凝固性坏死无强化,周围包膜呈延迟强化.其中8例行CT检查,CT平扫呈低或等密度,增强扫描无强化,5例可见包膜呈延迟期环形强化.②伴液化性坏死型(5例),T1WI上呈低信号,较大病灶内可见更低信号;T2WI上病灶呈低-等信号,其内液化性坏死呈点片状更高信号;增强后病灶无强化,周围包膜呈轻-中度强化.CT检查3例,CT平扫呈低或等密度,增强扫描无强化,2例周围包膜呈延迟期环形强化.CT不能反映病灶内液化性坏死.③多结节融合型(10例),T1WI呈低信号,其内可见低-等信号分隔;T2WI病灶以等-稍高信号为主,其内可见等或略高信号分隔,其中6例合并液化性坏死还可见裂隙状高信号.增强扫描病灶无强化,其内分隔及周围包膜呈轻-中度强化.CT检查4例,其中3例为低或等密度融合结节,增强扫描内部分隔及周围包膜呈延迟期强化.CT不能显示内部液化性坏死和病灶全部分隔.结论:CT、MRI能较好反映肝脏孤立性坏死结节的分型及各型的病理特征,MRI在多结节融合型和伴液化坏死型的诊断价值明显优于CT.     

囊性脑转移瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨囊性脑转移瘤的CT、MR I表现特点。方法经临床或病理证实的囊性脑转移瘤26例,男13例,女13例,平均年龄52.7岁。15例行CT平扫,13例行MR平扫,11例行增强CT和/或增强MR I扫描。结果26例共48个囊性脑转移灶,囊壁CT平扫呈等或稍高密度,MR T1W I和T2W I呈等或稍低信号,根据囊壁的形态将其分为3种类型:不均型、结节型、均匀型。MR T1W I囊液信号强度略高于、T2W I高于脑脊液信号强度,而CT密度与之相似或略高。增强扫描肿瘤呈环形强化,部分病灶可见强化壁结节。结论囊性脑转移瘤形态多样,需与脑脓肿及其他肿瘤性囊性病变相鉴别,MR I多方位增强扫描对诊断很有帮助。     

肝胆管囊腺癌的MRI表现

目的:探讨肝胆管囊腺癌(HBCAC)的MRI表现,提高肝胆管囊腺癌的诊断准确性.方法:回顾性分析9例经病理证实的肝胆管囊腺癌的MRI表现,所有患者均行MR平均和三期动态增强扫描.结果:9例中单囊性病灶8例,多囊性病灶1例.T1WI上6例表现为囊状低信号影,囊内分隔和囊壁厚薄不均,可见壁结节或乳头状突起;3例囊壁光滑,囊内呈稍高信号影,可见结节状软组织信号影.T2WI上病灶以高信号为主,囊内分隔、壁结节及软组织呈低信号.增强扫描动脉期示囊内分隔、壁结节和软组织明显强化,门脉期及延迟期强化仍较明显.结论:平扫及动态增强MRI能较好反映肝胆管囊腺癌的影像学特点,对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

淋巴管瘤的影像学表现

目的:探讨淋巴管瘤的影像学表现及其与病理的相关性.方法:经手术病理证实的淋巴管瘤26例,男15例,女11例,年龄1个月～68岁,平均19.4岁.7例行CT检查纳入研究,其中6例有平扫加增强扫描;1例行MRI检查;24例行超声检查.结果:CT上病灶均为囊性病变,密度均匀,边界较清楚,壁薄.2例病灶呈单房,5例病灶内可见分隔并形成多房,增强扫描囊壁及部分分隔强化,囊内未见强化.MRI上病变在T1WI上为低信号,T2WI上呈高信号,病变信号不均匀,边界欠清楚,其内见分隔.超声声像图上病灶均为囊实性低回声或无回声肿块影,其中10例病变回声不均质,14例探及条形分隔反射,其中3例分隔为蜂窝状、网状,3例边界不清;彩色多普勒血流成像探及囊内及分隔内血流7例.手术病理显示病变全部为囊性,可看到扩张的淋巴管,有些病灶内可见血管,并见一些纤维组织及脂肪组织成分.结论:淋巴管瘤有较为典型的影像学表现:囊性,薄壁肿块,密度较均匀,边界较清楚;病理与影像一致性好.     

肝内胆管囊腺癌磁共振诊断价值

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺癌的磁共振征像及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析9例经病理证实的肝内胆管囊腺癌患者的临床及MR资料。结果 9例患者中伴分隔多房囊实性2例,单房囊实性7例。所有病灶均显示壁结节突入囊腔内,囊壁结节及分隔信号略有差异,但均表现为T1WI呈略低信号,T2WI略高信号。4例囊腔内并出血。增强扫描可见囊壁、囊内分隔及囊壁结节轻、中度强化。结论肝内胆管囊腺癌MRI有较特征性表现。肝内单房或多房分隔囊性异常信号,囊壁有壁结节或囊腔内有实性成分或囊内液性成分出血表现,支持肝内胆管囊腺癌的诊断。     

肝脏炎性假瘤的CT及MRI征象

目的:探讨肝脏炎性假瘤的CT和MRI表现。方法:8例经手术病理证实的肝脏炎性假瘤。男5例,女3例,年龄35~65岁,平均53岁。8例均作CT平扫及增强扫描,其中3例行MR对比检查。结果:CT表现为1 个病灶6 例,2个病灶2例,共发现病灶10个。平扫9个病灶表现为低密度,1 个病灶表现为稍高密度。动态增强扫描2 个病灶动脉期显著强化,门脉期及延迟期中度强化;8个病灶动脉期无明显强化,门脉期及延迟期有不同方式的强化,主要表现为周边完整或不完整的环形或结节状强化,中心核心样强化及线状或不规则分隔样强化。MRI表现为2 例病灶T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,1例病灶T1WI及T2WI均为等信号,动态增强扫描与CT相仿。结论:肝脏炎性假瘤的CT及MRI表现因其病理阶段不同而表现各异,诊断需结合临床,确诊尚依靠病理检查。     

肝胆管囊腺癌影像学表现

目的 探讨肝胆管囊腺癌的CT、MRI及B超表现,提高其诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析18例经病理证实的肝胆管囊腺癌患者,螺旋CT检查6例、MRI检查5例,B超检查7例.结果 18例肝胆管囊腺癌患者中多囊性病灶2例,16例为单囊性病灶.CT平扫及MRI T1WI均表现为囊性占位,囊内可见分隔和乳头样、条状实性突起,囊壁不均匀增厚,T2WI病灶呈高信号为主,囊内分隔及乳头样、条状实性突起呈低信号,增强后动脉期囊壁、分隔及实性部分轻度强化,门脉期进一步强化,延迟期减退但仍有强化.B超均表现肝内液性为主的囊实性混合回声团块,边界较模糊,边缘高低不平,囊内有棉絮状或乳头状赘生物.结论 平扫加动态增强CT、MRI及B超能够一定程度反映肝胆管囊腺癌的影像学特点,对于提高该疾病的诊断具有一定参考价值.     

多房囊性肾瘤的影像学表现

目的 探讨多房囊性肾瘤的影像学特征及相关的多房囊性病变的鉴别诊断。方法 回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的多房囊性肾瘤的CT和MRI资料。结果 8例多房囊性肾瘤均为单侧，直径从2．5～7．5cm不等。CT或MR扫描显示有完整囊壁，内由多个小囊腔和分隔构成，其中2例囊内分隔显示清晰，4例显示尚清晰，另2例显示不清，边缘模糊。所有囊腔问无交通，囊壁和囊内分隔有不同程度的强化，但均未见实质性结节。4例MR扫描在T1WI上呈低信号，T2WI为高信号，延迟增强扫描囊壁和囊内分隔显示较同步的CT扫描清晰。组织病理学显示所有病例的包膜和分隔内衬扁平或立方上皮。结论 多房囊性肾瘤是肾脏的少见病变，CT和MRI能准确地显示病灶的形态学特征，并提供相应的诊断依据，但在和多房囊性肾癌等病变鉴别时仍有一定的难度。     

颅内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI诊断

目的 探讨颅内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI特征,以提高诊断正确率.方法 回顾性分析21例经手术病理证实的毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI表现.结果 21例中,71.4%发生于20岁以下青少年.小脑蚓部10例,小脑半球4例,鞍区6例,右颞叶1例.分3型:囊肿型2例(9.5%),囊肿结节型11例(52.4%),实质型8例(38.1%).3例瘤内可见钙化,4例可见出血.肿瘤实性部分及壁结节CT呈等密度5例,稍低密度13例,MR T1WI呈等信号8例,稍低信号11例,T2WI呈等信号2例,稍高信号17例;囊性部分CT平扫呈明显低密度,MR T1WI呈明显低信号,T2WI呈明显高信号.增强扫描实性部分及壁结节均明显强化,囊性部分不强化,囊壁明显强化4例,轻度强化2例,无强化9例.肿瘤边界清楚,瘤周无水肿.结论 毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI表现有一定特征性,结合临床资料可在术前做出正确诊断.     

Metastatic liver tumor from cystic ovarian carcinomas: CT and MRI appearance.

OBJECTIVE: The initial and follow-up CT and MRI images of ten patients with hepatic metastases from ovarian tumors were retrospectively analyzed to establish their features and sequential changes in appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients with hepatic metastasis from ovarian tumors received initial and follow-up CT and MRI examinations. Six patients were followed up every two to three weeks before surgical tumor resection. Both CT and MR images were analyzed by two radiologists. RESULTS: A total of fourteen lesions were detected by CT and MRI in 10 patients. All 14 lesions were demonstrated as areas of marked hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI. Eleven cyst-like tumors were demonstrated as round or oval low density lesions on CT and as areas of hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging. Three lesions were shown as solid masses with slightly low attenuation at the initial CT examination and slightly low or iso-intensity areas on T1-weighted imaging, and these lesions showed early peripheral globular enhancement and delayed enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging. Cystic formation was observed two to three weeks later after initial study in all the 3 solid lesions. Rapid subcapsular effusion, which showed obvious enhancement on delayed Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging, was observed in two patients. CONCLUSION: The hepatic metastatic tumor from cystic ovarian carcinoma may manifest as a well-defined cystic lesion or as a solid mass, and the solid mass shows delayed enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging. Furthermore, rapid cystic formation and rapid subcapsular extension is frequently seen.     

颈部囊性病变的多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学特征分析

目的：分析颈部囊性病变的多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学特征。方法回顾性分析41例经病理证实的颈部囊性病变的解剖部位及多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学征象。结果颈部囊性病变多形状规则,边界清晰。20例甲状舌管囊肿位于正中线舌骨水平或略偏,与甲状软骨关系密切,MRI征象为长 T1长 T2信号,信号均匀,增强扫描囊壁轻度强化;11例第二腮裂囊肿位多于胸锁乳突肌前内侧,MRI为囊性长T1长T2信号,信号均匀,囊肿内CT值为水样密度,增强扫描囊壁轻度强化;2例表皮样囊肿位于颈中线舌骨水平、颈后部,CT扫描密度均匀,增强未见明显强化;4例会厌囊肿位于会厌前间隙内,MRI影像为囊性长T1长T2信号肿块,信号均匀,CT影像为囊性薄壁低密度肿块,密度均匀;4例淋巴管瘤主要位于颈后三角区,MRI肿块呈等T1长T2信号,内部可见分隔,囊腔大小不等,增强扫描其分隔可见强化。结论颈部不同囊性病变的解剖位置和影像学征象有一定的特点,经过综合分析,可以做出正确诊断。     

小肠平滑肌类来源肉瘤肝转移CT及血管造影表现(附7例报告)

目的　分析小肠平滑肌类来源肉瘤肝转移的CT表现和肝动脉造影表现。材料与方法　回顾性分析 7例小肠平滑肌类肉瘤肝转移病例 ,肝脏转移肿瘤共 46个。 7例均行肝脏CT三期扫描和肝动脉造影。结果　肝脏转移病灶CT平扫呈低密度实性或囊实性占位。肿瘤膨胀生长 ,与周围肝实质分界清楚。动脉期增强扫描肿瘤实质部分明显强化 ,门脉期与周围肝实质强化差异缩小。肿瘤囊变坏死区无强化。肝动脉造影示转移肿瘤血管和染色丰富。结论　小肠平滑肌类来源肉瘤肝转移以肝动脉供血为主 ,为富血供肿瘤 ,类似于肝细胞癌。肿瘤多伴有明显囊变坏死     

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in cerebral hydatid disease

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the discriminative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of cerebral hydatid disease.Methods: The CT and MRI findings of four cases of surgically proven cerebral hydatid cysts were retrospectively reviewed. Results: CT demonstrated well-defined cystic lesions with no perilesional oedema and no contrast enhancement in all cases except one recurrent disease that showed both peripheral oedema and rim enhancement. MR images revealed well-defined cystic lesions with a quite clear rim that showed relative hypointensity limited to some aspects of the cyst walls on T2-weighted images. The cysts were spherical and obvious mass effect was observed on both CT and MR examinations. Conclusions: Although the cystic nature of intracranial hydatid disease could be equally well demonstrated on CT and MR examinations, CT is superior in detecting calcification of the cyst wall or septa, when present, and MR is better in demonstrating cyst capsule, detecting multiplicity and defining the anatomic relationship of the lesion with the adjacent structures and helps in surgical planning.     

肾上腺囊性病变的影像学诊断和鉴别

目的 分析肾上腺囊性病变的影像学表现,以提高其诊断准确性. 资料与方法 经手术病理证实的肾上腺囊性病变16例,术前14例经螺旋CT和多排螺旋CT平扫增强扫描.2例经MR检查.然后与手术病理对照,回顾性分析CT和MR表现. 结果 16例病理证实的肾上腺囊性病变中,肾上腺上皮性囊肿8例,陈旧出血形成假囊肿3例,嗜铬细胞瘤囊变3例,原发性肾上腺癌囊变2例.肾上腺上皮性囊肿和肿瘤坏死囊变CT多表现为低密度,出血为等密度或高密度; T1WI为低信号或高信号,T2WI为显著高信号或低信号.囊内壁光整11例,毛糙5例.囊外壁光整13例,不规则3例.囊壁钙化2例.增强扫描显示壁强化11例,不强化5例. 结论 肾上腺囊性病变特征不同,有助于明确诊断.     

多房囊性肾癌的超声分析

目的分析多房囊性。肾癌的声像图表现,以提高对此病的认识及诊断率。方法13例多房囊性肾癌患者均行彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）和能量多普勒血流显像（PDI）检查,以及CT和（或）MRI动态增强扫描。结果多房囊性肾癌13例中,囊壁增厚或厚薄不均匀11例,囊壁菲薄均匀2例。其中伴壁结节或（和）隔结节10例,分隔厚薄不均匀8例、纤细均匀5例,分隔呈“车辐轮”状4例。3例病灶内可见囊壁和（或）分隔钙化。CDFI和（或）PDI在瘤体内检测到星点状或短条状血流信号10例,CT和（或）MRI增强扫描有不同程度增强11例。结论多房囊性肾癌多表现为多房囊性肿物,边界清楚,囊壁可有局部增厚,分隔粗细不均匀,附壁及分隔结节直径均小于6．0mm,CDFI和PDI能提高多房囊性肾癌的诊断率。本病需要与复杂性。肾囊肿及肾癌囊性变等鉴别诊断。     

毛细胞星形细胞瘤的MRI表现

目的：分析毛细胞星形细胞瘤的MRI特点及其病理基础,以提高对此瘤的认识。方法：经手术病理证实的毛细胞星形细胞瘤20例,回顾性分析其MRI表现。结果：毛细胞星形细胞瘤的MRI表现有如下特点：①肿瘤在T1WI上表现为稍长T1、等T1、长T1与等T1混杂信号或是长T1与短T1混杂信号,在W2Wi上大多表现为长T2为主的混杂信号;注射对比剂后肿瘤的强化方式可以分为以下五种：非强化性的囊壁及显著强化的壁结节、强化的囊壁及显著强化的壁结节、环形强化的囊壁、实性肿瘤的均匀强化、肿瘤大部分为实性成分的不均匀强化;②肿瘤形态为：不规则分叶状,不伴出血时,瘤周水肿少见或是轻微可见;伴出血时,可见明显水肿;③肿瘤多为囊性、囊实性或是呈大囊小结节型,可伴出血。结论：毛细胞星形细胞瘤有比较典型的MR／特点,结合患者的年龄及临床发病特点,有助于其术前诊断。     

含囊腔的周围型肺癌的 MDCT 特征分析

目的：分析含囊腔的周围型肺癌的 MDCT 特征,提高诊断准确性。方法回顾性分析经病理或临床证实的21例含囊腔的周围型肺癌患者的临床资料、病理类型、TNM 分期、MDCT 表现,部分行 PET-CT 检查的,测量 SUMmax,随访的病例,评价病灶的动态变化。结果共21例(病理诊断证实腺癌11例、鳞癌6例),囊腔为主型2例(9.52%);囊性与磨玻璃密度混合型3例(14.29%);囊性与实性密度混合型14例(66.67%);囊性与磨玻璃、实性密度混合型2例(9.52%)。有软组织结节的20例,结节位于腔外5例(23.81%);结节位于腔内1例(4.76%);多房囊腔与结节混合型14例(66.67%);囊腔壁环形增厚1例(4.76%)。MDCT 征象出现60%以上的有：圆形/类圆形14例(66.67%),分叶征17例(80.95%),腔内血管穿行16例(76.19%),胸膜凹陷征17例(80.95%);出现率90%以上的征象有：多囊19例(90.48%)、不规整19例(90.48%),囊腔内见分隔19例(90.48%)。支气管通入囊腔内8例(38.10%)。病灶 CT 净增值范围14.2~40 HU,平均(28.27±7.27)HU。PET-CT SUVmax 范围4.5~9.8,平均6.05,均呈明显摄取。2例患者随访出现囊腔增大,囊壁增厚。1例患者随访囊腔缩小,实性成分增多。结论囊腔内壁不规整、腔内分隔及血管穿行是诊断含囊腔周围型肺癌的重要征象。     

Intracranial hemangioblastomas: CT and MR findings

The CT and magnetic resonance (MR) findings in eight patients with 10 biopsy-proven intracranial hemangioblastomas were reviewed. Three of these patients had von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. Nine tumors were infratentorial, seven were cystic, and five had well-defined mural nodules. The only three solid tumors, the only brain stem tumor, and the only supratentorial tumor in this series occurred in VHL patients. Magnetic resonance detected a single tumor missed by CT, and no lesion seen on CT was missed by MR. The tumor nodule, when present, was identified in every case using MR, although it was usually more apparent on contrast-enhanced CT. In three cases MR was better than CT in defining the margins of posterior fossa tumors. Serpentine vessels were well seen as flow voids against high signal cyst or tumor on T2-weighted images, but contrast-enhanced CT also demonstrated them. Magnetic resonance was found superior to CT for the detection of intracranial hemangioblastomas, and complementary in their characterization.