光波-微波-硝酸快速脱钙技术对骨组织免疫组织化学染色的影响

目的:探讨光波-微波-硝酸快速脱钙技术对骨及软组织抗原活性的影响.方法:用8%硝酸分别在单纯微波、单纯光波、光波-微波组合Ⅰ和光波-微波组合Ⅱ条件下脱钙,同时以室温脱钙作为对照;应用标记的链霉菌素卵白素-生物素(LSAB)免疫组织化学(免疫组化)染色技术检测不同脱钙条件下心钠素(ANP)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、S-100、神经微丝蛋白(NF)、神经胶质酸性蛋白(GFAP)和波形蛋白(Vimentin)的表达,并对其染色结果进行图像分析和统计学处理.结果:8%硝酸室温脱钙时间最长,光波-微波组合脱钙时间最短;微波组、光波组、光波-微波组合Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的免疫组化染色均明显比对照组好(P＜0.01);光波-微波组合Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组均明显好于单纯微波组(P＜0.01)或单纯光波组(P＜0.01);光波-微波组合Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组,单纯光波组与单纯微波组之间的免疫组化染色无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:光波-微波-硝酸脱钙所用时间比室温常规脱钙、单纯光波、微波脱钙时间明显缩短,免疫组化染色效果最好.     

光波-微波组合技术在肠道标本石蜡切片与免疫组化染色中的应用

目的:探讨光波-微波辐射组合技术在肠道活检组织快速石蜡切片与免疫组化染色中的作用.方法:选择肠道活检组织120例,组织固定、脱水、透明、浸蜡、苏木精染色和免疫组化染色用光波-微波组合Ⅱ在光波-微波炉中进行,同时以全自动组织脱水机处理组织和常规免疫组化染色作为对照.结果:光波-微波快速石蜡切片方法所制出的石蜡切片组织完整,细胞结构清晰,细胞核与细胞浆对比染色好,免疫组化染色定位准确,背景染色淡.光波-微波组合石蜡切片所用时间38 min,全自动组织脱水机中处理组所用时间675 min,光波-微波组合免疫组化染色所用时间16.5 min,常规免疫组化染色所用时间148 min.结论:光波-微波辐射石蜡切片、免疫组化染色所用时间明显缩短,切片质量好,可用于临床病理快速诊断.     

光波-微波组合技术在肠道标本石蜡切片与免疫组化染色中的应用

目的:探讨光波-微波辐射组合技术在肠道活检组织快速石蜡切片与免疫组化染色中的作用.方法:选择肠道活检组织120例,组织固定、脱水、透明、浸蜡、苏木精染色和免疫组化染色用光波-微波组合Ⅱ在光波-微波炉中进行,同时以全自动组织脱水机处理组织和常规免疫组化染色作为对照.结果:光波-微波快速石蜡切片方法所制出的石蜡切片组织完整,细胞结构清晰,细胞核与细胞浆对比染色好,免疫组化染色定位准确,背景染色淡.光波-微波组合石蜡切片所用时间38 min,全自动组织脱水机中处理组所用时间675 min,光波-微波组合免疫组化染色所用时间16.5 min,常规免疫组化染色所用时间148 min.结论:光波-微波辐射石蜡切片、免疫组化染色所用时间明显缩短,切片质量好,可用于临床病理快速诊断.     

抗原修复脱钙组织石蜡切片抗原性后免疫组织化学染色效果的比较

目的 探讨抗原修复方法对脱钙组织石蜡切片抗原性的恢复作用。方法 将“低温微波-硝酸快速脱钙方法”处理的骨及其软组织分为5组:Ⅰ对照组、Ⅱ盐酸组、Ⅲ胰蛋白酶组、Ⅳ微波-枸橼酸组和V微波-Triton X-100组。应用LSAB技术检测ANP,5-HT,S-100,NF,GFAP等7种抗体在Ⅰ～V组的表达,图像分析各组阳性细胞的平均光密度值(OD)。结果进行统计学处理。结果 Ⅱ一Ⅴ的OD值(分别为.097±0.35、1.03±0.38、1.96±0.49和1.89±0.43)明显高于Ⅰ组(0.26±0.34),Ⅳ、Ⅴ组明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,有非常显著差异P<0.01;Ⅱ与Ⅲ、Ⅳ与Ⅴ组间无显著差异P>0.05。结论 微波缓冲液和表面活性剂恢复脱钙组织石蜡切片抗原明显好于胰蛋白酶和盐酸,能显著提高免疫组化染色的敏感性。     

微波低温改良脱钙在钙化软组织免疫组化染色中的应用

目的 探讨运用微波低温改良脱钙法对提高钙化软组织在免疫组织化学染色中的效果.方法 选取本院送检伴有钙化灶状的甲状腺组织标本62例,每例采用室温和微波低温进行脱钙,免疫组化染色光镜观察效果.结果 运用微波低温改良脱钙在免疫组化染色中明显比室温下的10％硝酸脱钙定位准、染色阳性细胞显示多、假阴性减少,背景清晰.结论 微波低温改良脱钙法能更好的运用于钙化软组织的免疫组化染色.     

吸入类药物临床前研究中鼻组织脱钙技术优化：用于大鼠鼻黏膜组织病理学检查

目的 研究不同脱钙液对大鼠鼻组织的脱钙作用及其病理切片染色效果。方法 选择10%乙二胺四乙酸（ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid，EDTA）、10%甲酸、5%硝酸脱钙液3种不同脱钙液，在室温静置及微波条件下，对大鼠鼻组织的脱钙时间和脱钙效果进行比较分析，综合评估骨组织经不同脱钙方法后制成病理切片质量。结果 常温条件下鼻组织经过EDTA脱钙液所需脱钙时间最长，微波条件下鼻组织经硝酸脱钙液所需脱钙时间最短，经EDTA脱钙液的鼻组织切片质量、HE染色、MASSON染色和免疫组化染色中质量最佳，硝酸脱钙液的鼻组织的切片质量最差，甲酸脱钙液的鼻组织HE染色效果较佳，MASSON和免疫组化染色质量略差。结论 EDTA脱钙液配合微波进行的鼻组织脱钙，脱钙效率明显提升，且切片和染色效果俱佳。     

孕期脂多糖刺激对新生子鼠肾素-血管紧张素系统活性的影响

目的:探讨孕期炎症刺激—脂多糖()对新生子鼠肾素血管紧张素系统活性的影响。方法:只孕鼠随机分为2组,每组6只;对照组腹腔注射无菌生理盐水0.5mL/只,LPS组分别在孕期8、10及12d腹腔注射LPS0.79mg/kg;采用Real-time PCR检测新生子鼠肾脏肾素和血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)mRNA水平,Western blotting检测血管紧张素Ⅱ受体Ⅰ型(AT1-R)蛋白的表达,免疫组化检测血管紧张素(ANG)-Ⅱ阳性细胞。结果:LPS组新生子鼠肾脏肾素mRNA低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),2组ACE mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LPS组新生子鼠肾脏AT1-R蛋白表达量(1.535±0.100)明显高于对照组(0.561±0.098),差异有统计学意义(t=9.364,P<0.01);ANG-Ⅱ主要表达在近端小管上皮细胞,LPS组新生子鼠肾脏ANG-Ⅱ阳性细胞数[(73.00±4.81)个]明显低于对照组[(944.00±51.76)个],差异有统计学意义(t=33.485,P<0.01)。结论:孕期炎症刺激可抑制新生子鼠肾素-血管紧张素系统活性。     

微波-EDTA脱钙技术在免疫组织化学染色中的应用研究

目的探讨微波(MW)-乙烯二胺四乙酸钠(EDTA)快速脱钙技术对骨及软组织抗原活性的影响.方法根据实验条件将待脱钙组织分为4组,即MW-EDTA(15℃),Jenkins脱钙-固定液(20℃),10%EDTA(20℃)和10%硝酸(20℃),其中MW-EDTA方法中EDTA的浓度分别是4%、7%、10%、13%和16%.应用免疫组织化学LSAB染色,光镜观察免疫组织化学染色结果.结果MW-EDTA脱钙的免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞显著高于Jenkins脱钙-固定液(20℃)、10%ED-TA(20℃)及10%硝酸脱钙(20℃)3种脱钙方法,其时间明显缩短.其中用10%和13%浓度的EDTA脱钙的组织,其免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞又明显多于EDTA浓度为4%、7%和16%者.结论以MW-10%EDTA技术进行组织脱钙,其脱钙时间短、免疫组织化学染色效果好.     

微波-EDTA脱钙技术在免疫组织化学染色中的应用研究

目的探讨微波(MW)—乙烯二胺四乙酸钠(EDTA)快速脱钙技术对骨及软组织抗原活性的影响。方法根据实验条件将待脱钙组织分为4组，即MW—EDTA(15℃)，Jenkins脱钙-固定液(20℃)，10％EDTA(20℃)和10％硝酸(20℃)，其中Mw—EDTA方法中EDTA的浓度分别是4％、7％、10％、13％和16％。应用免疫组织化学路AB染色，光镜观察免疫组织化学染色结果。结果MW—EDTA脱钙的免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞显著高于Jenkins脱钙—固定液(20℃)、10％ED—TA(20℃)及10％硝酸脱钙(20℃)3种脱钙方法，其时间明显缩短。其中用10％和13％浓度的EDTA脱钙的组织，其免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞又明显多于EDTA浓度为4％、7％和16％者。结论以Mw—10％EDTA技术进行组织脱钙，其脱钙时间短、免疫组织化学染色效果好。     

比较雷米普利与卡托普利对糖尿病大鼠心肌间质重构的影响

目的:通过观察雷米普利与卡托普利对糖尿病大鼠心脏指数、心肌局部血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、Caspase-3蛋白阳性染色指数、心肌细胞凋亡指数(AI)的影响,探讨两者对糖尿病大鼠心肌病的可能保护机制。方法:40只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为10只正常对照组和30只糖尿病组,糖尿病组用链脲佐菌素(STZ)注射建模,成功后随机分为糖尿病未治疗组(糖尿病对照组)、雷米普利治疗组和卡托普利治疗组,每组10只。治疗组按药品说明书的推荐以雷米普利2.5mg/(kg.d)水溶液灌胃,卡托普利50mg/(kg.d)水溶液灌胃,正常对照组和糖尿病对照组每天以同等体积生理盐水灌胃。给药9周后,麻醉处死动物,放射免疫法测定心肌局部AngⅡ的含量,ABC免疫组化法检测Caspase-3蛋白阳性染色指数,免疫组化法检测Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的含量。结果:与正常对照组相比,糖尿病对照组与治疗组心脏指数均增大(P<0.05),AngⅡ含量显著升高(P<0.05),心肌细胞凋亡指数(AI)明显增高(P<0.05),Caspase-3蛋白阳性染色指数也增高(P<0.05);用雷米普利和卡托普利治疗后,上述指标均有显著改善,雷米普利组较卡托普利组心脏指数、Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量改善不明显(P<0.05),其余指标两组比较没有统计学差别(P>0.05)。结论:糖尿病心肌病中心肌间质有重构现象发生,雷米普利与卡托普利均可以通过降低AngⅡ、Caspase-3阳性蛋白指数来改善心脏的功能,而且两组相比稍有差别。     

活血化瘀治则的药理学研究(二)——三组活血药对犬侧支循环的影响

继三组活血药川芎、川芎人参、川芎丹参对犬急性实验性心肌梗塞范围的影响的实验后,本实验又进行了对犬急性心肌梗塞时冠脉侧支循环影响的研究,实验采用冠脉侧支返流量方法。结果表明,三组活血药都具有增加冠脉侧支返流量的作用,说明三者都可促进侧支循环。川人组对心输出量、缺血区(左前降支)冠脉返流量及返流压、动脉血压均表现了正性作用,而川芎和川丹组则对上述指标表现出不同的作用。三组活血药均有减小冠脉侧支血流阻力的作用。说明益气活血的川人组,可以改善和调节心血管功能,促进侧支循环,缩小缺血范围,可能是其抗心肌缺血的机制之一。川芎和川丹组,促进侧支循环开放作用不如川人组,推测它们可以减少心脏作功,节约能量消耗,而有利于保护缺血心肌。实验表明,三组活血药的作用同中有异,川人组适用于气虚血瘀的冠心病伴有心功能及血压下降明显者,川芎组适用于气滞血疼冠心病伴高血压体质壮实者,而川丹组则适用于血虚兼有心阴不足者。     

Mechanism of Curcuma longa and Its Neuroactive Components for the Management of Epileptic Seizures: A Systematic Review

Curcuma longa (Turmeric) is a tropical herbaceous perennial plant of the family Zingiberaceae and contains curcuminoids, sesquiterpenoids and monoterpenoids as its major components. Given the broad range of activities that Curcuma longa possesses and also its use as a traditional epilepsy remedy, this review attempts to systematically review the experimentally proven activities of Curcuma longa and its bioactive components, which are related to the management of epileptic seizures. Using the PRISMA model, five databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS and SpringerLink) were searched using the keywords [“Curcuma longa” AND “Epilepsy”] and [“Curcuma longa” AND “Seizures”], leaving 34 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The present systematic review elaborated on the experimentally proven potential of Curcuma longa components, such as an aqueous extract of Curcuma longa itself, Curcuma longa oil and active constituents like curcuminoids and bisabolene sesquiterpenoids found in Curcuma longa with anti-seizure potential. Using human equivalent dose calculations, human treatment parameters were suggested for each component by analysing the various studies in this review. This review also determined that the principal components possibly exert their anti-seizure effect via the reduction of corticosterone, modulation of neurotransmitters signalling, modulation of sodium ion channels, reduction of oxidative DNA damage, reduction of lipid peroxidation, upgregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated inhibition. It is anticipated that this review will help pave the way for future research into the development of Curcuma longa and its neuroactive constituents as potential drug candidates for the management of epilepsy.     

Rheological Characterization of an Acetaminophen Jelly

The aim of this study was to prepare an inclusion complex of acetaminophen and β-cyclodextrin (molar ratio of 1:1). A jelly with inclusion complexes formed by kneading was prepared. The formation of inclusion complexes was assessed by powder X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Jellies were prepared with xanthan gum, gelatin, and κ-carrageenan. The concentration of each jelling agent was 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/v. Viscoelasticity and dissolution characteristics were determined and osmometry was performed. PGWater^™, a commercial jelly for fluid replacement, served as a reference for viscoelastic characteristics and dissolution. Powder X-ray diffraction measurement revealed a different diffraction pattern for the kneading than for acetaminophen and β-cyclodextrin. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy revealed an absorption peak (at around 1655 cm⁻¹) due to the carbonyl group and benzene ring (at around 1610 cm⁻¹) of acetaminophen. In contrast, the kneaded mixture (1:1) had a shift in the absorption peak due to the carbonyl group (at around 1650 cm⁻¹) in acetaminophen''s molecular structure, and the formation of an inclusion complex was noted. The viscosity of xanthan gum-1.0, gelatin-1.5, and carrageenan-0.5 resembled the viscoelasticity of PGWater^™. The acetaminophen in gelatin-1.0 and carrageenan-0.5 had dissolution behavior similar to that of commercial acetaminophen preparations. The osmolality of jellies prepared in different concentrations ranged from about 20-50 mOsm/kg. Results suggested that carrageenan-0.5 could serve as a useful jelly vehicle for acetaminophen.     

Nitric oxide regulation of monkey myometrial contractility

1. We evaluated the effect of the nitric oxide (NO) donor CysNO (S-nitroso-L-cysteine) and endogenous NO upon spontaneous contractility in non-pregnant cynomolgus monkeys. We also assessed the role of intracellular guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate ([cyclic GMP]_i) as a second messenger for NO in monkey uterine smooth muscle.
2. CysNO reduced spontaneous contractility by 84% (P<0.05) at maximal concentrations, and significantly elevated [cyclic GMP]_i (P<0.05). However, increases in [cyclic GMP]_i were not required for CysNO-induced relaxations; CysNO inhibited contractile activity despite the complete inhibition of guanylyl cyclase by methylene blue or LY83,583.
3. Analogues of cyclic GMP had no significant effect upon spontaneous contractile activity. L-arginine produced a 62% reduction in spontaneous activity (P<0.05) while D-arginine had no effect. The competitive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N^ω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) not only blocked L-arginine-induced relaxations, but also significantly increased spontaneous contractile activity when added alone (P<0.05); the inactive D-enantiomer of NOARG had no such effect.
4. While both endogenous NO and the NO donor CysNO relax monkey myometrium, this effect is not causally related to CysNO-induced elevations in [cyclic GMP]_i. The failure of cyclic GMP analogues to alter monkey uterine smooth muscle tension also argues against a role for [cyclic GMP]_i in the regulation of uterine contractility. Not only do these findings argue for the existence of a functionally-relevant NOS in the monkey uterus, but increases in contractile activity seen in the presence of NOS inhibitors suggest a role for NO in the moment-to-moment regulation of contractile activity in this organ.

     

先天性肾发育不良并输尿管异位开口诊治分析

目的 探讨小儿先天性单肾发育不良合并输尿管异位开口的病因、诊断与治疗。方法 总结分析自1984年以来15例经手术确诊为先天性单肾发育不良合并输尿管异位开口的临床资料。结果 15例患者均为女性，其中2例为亲姐妹．11例输尿管异位开口于阴道，4例开口于前庭。静脉尿路造影（IVU）患肾均不显影，对侧肾代偿性增大，常规B超均未能明确探及患肾。B超检查10例，6例发现患肾；彩色多普勒超声（CDI）检查8例，6例发现患肾；CT扫描7例，3例提示腹膜后有发育不良肾影。所有患者均经手术治疗而愈。结论 先天性单肾发育不良合并输尿管异位开口可能具有遗传倾向，B超和CDI有助于提高术前诊断阳性率，手术切除发育不良肾脏及输尿管疗效确切。     

镁肥研究开发与应用近况

评述不同镁肥在近两年中的研究开发动向和应用 ,包括镁肥新品种以及对不同作物提高产量和改进品质方面的进展     

Biomarkers of Exposure to Zearalenone in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

The measurement of human exposure to mycotoxins is necessary for its association with adverse health effects. This exposure is usually estimated from contamination levels of foodstuffs, which are the primary source of toxin exposure, and data on food consumption patterns. However, variations in contamination level, intestinal absorption, toxin distribution, and excretion lead to individual variations in toxin exposure that can be more readily measured with a biomarker. This review deals with the latest literature information about ZEN biomarkers in humans, animals, and cell line cultures. Their presence in urine, biomarkers that have effects in the kidney, liver, reproductive system and blood and biomarkers of cell response have been reported. It has highlighted the importance of determining α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol biomarkers to estimate the probable dietary intake (PDI) of a specific population or to characterize the severity of exposure to ZEN in animals or cell lines. α-ZEL and β-ZEL are cytotoxic by inhibiting cell proliferation, total protein and DNA syntheses, in this sense, an induction of expression proteins Hsp27 and Hsp70 was observed, and an increase in gene expression (TLR4, NF-kBp65, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MGMT, α-GST, Hsp70, Nrf2, L-Fabp, HO-1, MAPK8), the determination of which indicates an oxidative stress effect. The integrity of the cell or tissue membrane is assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which increase at exposure of ZEN (84.2 µM), and the proportions of some fatty acids of the renal tissue membrane were increased at treatments with ZEN. This review allows starting future studies of animal and population exposure in parallel with those of health effects works.     

2种非PVC多层共挤复合膜输液袋使用比较

目的:比较单管单塞型与双管双塞型非PVC多层共挤复合膜输液袋的操作使用特点及相关项目,以供临床参考。方法:设单管单塞组与双管双塞组各60袋,由同一名护士模拟临床操作,记录完成操作所需时间;对2种输液容器的相关项目进行比较。结果:与双管双塞组比较,单管单塞组输液操作时间较短(P<0.05);单管单塞型在操作使用、对护士的职业保护、对输液针头的要求3项上均优于双管双塞型。结论:非PVC多层共挤复合膜输液袋单管单塞型较双管双塞型临床操作更方便、省时,更适合中国国情。     

我国医药行业上市公司并购绩效的实证研究

目的评价2000年~2002年3年间我国医药行业上市公司现金并购行为及影响。方法以考察并购方公司的财务数据为基础,通过主成分分析和因子分析,建立评价公司并购绩效的得分体系,从而对并购前后几年的绩效变化进行比较。结果绩效得分在并购后存在大幅波动,最终回复至并购前水平。结论现金并购没有给医药行业整体带来正的长期收益。     

印度医药企业新药研发经验启示

目的:培育和发展我国医药企业的新药研发能力。方法:分析印度医药企业在新药研发方面的经验。结果与结论:我国医药企业培育新药研发能力,不仅要在战略上重视新药研发的价值,更要在加强外部合作、吸引海外人才及培育整合能力等方面,积极探索有效的方法和措施。