腹腔粘连患者腹腔镜术闭合法建立气腹方法探讨

目的 探讨腹腔粘连患者腹腔镜术闭合法建立气腹的方法,总结其成功的经验及内脏损伤的教训。方法 对我院1991年9月至1999年9月8年间6600例腹腔镜术中1046例腹腔粘连患者闭合法建立气腹的经验进行回顾分析。把建立气腹困难分为真性困难及假性困难两种。因气腹针穿入腹腔脏器或因腹腔广泛粘连导致气体弥散障碍者为真性建立气腹困难,需中转开腹;因气腹针位置错误如位于腹膜外脂肪层、肝圆韧带或网膜内引起者为假性建立气腹困难,经调整气腹针位置均能满意建立气腹。 结果 1046例患者中1028例成功用闭合法建立气腹（98．3％）,6例因真性建立气腹困难,12例因假性建立气腹困难而中转开腹。除2例内脏损伤经剖腹探查治愈外,无其它与闭合法建立气腹有关的并发症发生。结论 腹腔粘连患者闭合法建立气腹安全可行,缺乏自信、经验不足,误把假性建立气腹困难当作真性建立气腹困难而中转开腹是腹腔镜术中腹腔粘连患者闭合法建立气腹失败的主要原因。     

有腹部手术史患者腹腔镜术闭合法建立气腹方法探讨

目的 探讨有腹部手术史患者腹腔镜术闭合法建立气腹的可行性及操作方法。方法 回顾分析我院１９９１年９月至１９９８年１２月６２００例腹腔镜术中９６３例有腹部手术史患者闭合法建立气腹成功的经验及２例内脏损伤的教训；我们把建立气腹困难分为真性建立气腹困难及假性建立气腹困难两种。由气腹针穿入大网膜、肝圆韧带、肠系膜、腹膜外脂肪等引起的充气困难称假性建立气腹困难，而因气腹针穿入腹腔脏器（如胃肠道、大血管）或因腹腔内存在广泛粘连致气体膨胀困难引起撤气困难称为真性建立气腹困难。结果 ６例患者因真性建立气腹困难、１２例因假性建立气腹困难而中转开腹，闭合法建立气腹成功率为９８％。２例胆囊结石虱因未遵循闭合法建立气腹原则致空肠或回肠损伤，立即开腹行肠修补、胆囊切除术。结论 绝大多数有腹部手术史患者闭合法建立气腹是安全可行的。遵循闭合     

有腹部手术史病人的腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的　对因开腹手术而造成腹腔粘连的病人实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (Laparoscopiccholecystectomy ,LC)的可行性及手术方法进行探讨。 方法　对 5 6 0例LC术中的 5 0例有开腹手术史的病人进行分析讨论。结果　 5 0例中有 4 5例成功完成LC术 ,5例因粘连严重或建立气腹困难而中转开腹手术 ,术后均恢复良好 ,无严重并发症出现。结论　开腹手术后再行LC术是完全可行的。     

胃十二指肠手术史患者的腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的 :探讨有胃十二指肠手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性及疗效。方法 :回顾分析有胃十二指肠手术史 86例的腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术过程。结果 :气腹建立困难 8例 ,腹腔严重粘连无法分离 7例 ,胆囊周围粘连包括Calot三角粘连分离困难 4例均行中转开腹手术。第 1孔穿刺损伤肠管 2例 ,分离粘连时损伤肠管 1例 ,均在腹腔镜下修补。结论 :胃十二指肠手术后腹腔内严重粘连是气腹建立困难或腹腔粘连分离困难而中转开腹的主要原因。第 1孔穿刺肠管损伤和腹腔粘连分离肠管损伤发生率较高。严格掌握手术适应证 ,腹腔镜操作技术娴熟是手术成功的关键     

半开放置鞘气腹法在腹部手术史患者腹腔镜术中的应用

目的　探讨腹腔镜术半开放置鞘气腹法对有腹部手术史患者建立气腹的可行性及操作方法。　方法　回顾分析 1994年 10月～ 2 0 0 2年 1月 2 10 0例腹腔镜术中 117例有腹部手术史患者半开放置鞘气腹法 115例成功的经验及 2例失败的教训。　结果　 117例中 115例成功建立气腹 ,1例胃大部切除术后胆囊结石反复穿刺导致空肠穿孔 ,腹腔镜下行空肠修补术和腹腔镜胆囊切除术 ,1例剖宫产术后因腹腔内广泛粘连气体膨胀困难而中转开腹。本组半开放置鞘气腹法成功率 98 3 % (115 / 117)。　结论　有腹部手术史患者半开放置鞘气腹法建立气腹安全可行 ,融合闭合法及开放法的优点 ,操作简便。     

腹腔镜手术半开放置鞘气腹法安全建立气腹5 598例分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术半开放置鞘气腹法建立气腹的可行性及操作方法。方法:回顾分析5 600例腹腔镜术中半开放置鞘气腹法5 598例成功的经验及2例失败的教训。结果:5 600例中5 598例成功建立气腹,1例胃大部切除术后胆囊结石反复穿刺导致空肠穿孔,腹腔镜下行空肠修补术和腹腔镜胆囊切除术;1例剖宫产术后因腹腔内广泛粘连,气体膨胀困难而中转开腹。本组半开放置鞘气腹法成功率为99.96%。结论:半开放置鞘气腹法融合闭合法及开放法的优点,安全可行,操作简便。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的临床分析：附39例报告

目的:分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中转开腹的原因及相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月—2015年12月3 849例行LC患者的临床资料。结果:3 849例患者中,中转开腹39例(1.01%),且中转开腹率在2010—2015年的各年度间差异无统计学意义(P=0.982)。中转开腹原因包括胆囊三角解剖结构不清16例,腹腔或胆囊周围粘连严重14例,Mirrizi综合征3例,胆囊动脉出血2例,胆汁漏、胆总管损伤、胆囊十二指肠瘘、胆囊癌各1例。早期中转开腹33例,中晚期中转开腹6例,后者中5例的中转开腹均因发生术中并发症而实施,包括2例胆囊动脉出血,1例因粘连紧密致胆囊破裂后胆囊三角结构不清,1例胆总管损伤,1例胆汁漏。性别、年龄、病程均为LC中转开腹的影响因素(均P0.05)。高年资术者实施的LC中转开腹术后近期并发症发生率明显低于低年资术者(P=0.043)。结论:LC中有一定的中转率,胆囊三角处理困难,腹腔或胆囊周围粘连严重是中转开腹的主要原因,存在相关影响因素者应选择早期中转开腹以确保手术安全。     

腹腔内粘连病人的腹腔镜胆囊切除术

腹腔内粘连常发生于腹部手术、外伤、原发性或继发性腹膜炎、结核性腹膜炎之后,为这类病人完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),多采用开放法建立气腹以防内脏损伤(1、2)。1991年9月～1998年7月,我们已完成各类腹腔镜手术5200余例,其中有既往手术史897例,腹部闭合性损伤未手术67例,腹膜炎史25例,总计983例。属上述情况作LC者83例,均采用闭合法建立气腹,首先根据注气困难与否判断腹腔内粘连的范围及程度,以决定是否继续行LC,取得了很好的结果,报告如下:临床资料1　一般资料　本组83例,男27例,女56例。年龄21～56岁。有中上腹部手术史66例,其中胃大部…     

腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床体会

目的:探讨为有腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床体会。方法:回顾分析2000年2月至2012年10月为86例有腹部手术史患者行LC的临床资料;开放法或闭合法建立气腹,术中松解粘连、显露胆囊,妥善处理胆囊三角,顺逆结合法切除胆囊。结果:82例(95.3%)成功完成LC,手术时间30～85 min,平均(48.2±22.4)min;术中出血量15～90 ml,平均(54.6±32.5)ml;术后住院4～6 d,平均(4.2±1.6)d。4例(4.7%)中转开腹,均系腹腔内广泛致密粘连。6例术中粘连面较广、渗血较多,放置腹腔引流管。术后无肝内外胆管损伤、胆漏、肠漏、肠梗阻、腹腔感染、皮下气肿等并发症发生。结论:正确选择第一穿刺孔,安全建立气腹,术中仔细分离、细致解剖胆囊三角,且术者具备娴熟的腹腔镜操作技巧,为腹部手术史患者行LC是安全、有效的。     

有腹部手术史的患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床体会

目的探讨有腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的可行性及手术技巧。方法分析自2006年5月~2014年11月136例既往有腹部手术史患者施行LC术的临床资料。结果 129例成功完成LC术。2例右上腹广泛致密粘连无法暴露胆囊,1例分离粘连致十二指肠降部损伤,3例胆囊壁水肿、Calot三角显示不清,1例气腹针盲法穿刺损伤脐孔下方粘连小肠,均中转开腹完成胆囊切除术,术后未发生严重并发症。结论对有腹部手术史患者术前采用B超充分评估粘连,选择合适部位开放置鞘气腹法,腔镜直视引导下按非常规次序建立操作孔,术中精细分离粘连,行LC术是安全可行的。     

Direct trocar insertion versus Veress needle insertion in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Direct insertion of the trocar is an alternative method to Veress needle insertion for the creation of pneumoperitoneum. The safety of direct disposable shielded trocar insertion for the creation of pneumoperitoneum was assessed by comparing with Veress needle insertion during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS: One thousand five hundred patients undergoing LC with pneumoperitoneum were included in this study. In 470 patients the Veress needle insertion technique was used, and in 1,030 patients direct trocar insertion technique was used. Patients having indications for open trocar insertion were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Complication rate was significantly higher in the Veress needle group (14% versus 0.9%; P <0.01), and the two major complications, gastric perforation and iliac artery laceration, were also encountered in this group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that with a lower complication rate, direct insertion of the disposable trocar is a safe alternative to Veress needle insertion technique for the creation of pneumoperitoneum. Such an approach has further advantages such as less cost/instrumentation and rapid creation of pneumoperitoneum.     

腹腔镜手术治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠

目的探讨剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠（caesarean scar pregnancy,CSP）腹腔镜手术治疗的价值。方法采用全身麻醉,膀胱截石位,气腹针穿刺进腹,腹腔充CO2气体（压力13 mm Hg）,置入trocar,进镜探查。分离子宫前壁峡部与周围组织的粘连,电切打开膀胱子宫反折腹膜,下推膀胱。子宫下段宫壁肌注垂体后叶素6 U,单极电钩楔形切除病灶组织,1号薇乔线连续双层缝合子宫肌层。结果 13例CSP行腹腔镜下病灶切除术联合子宫修补术。术后住院3~5 d。13例术后1~3周后血β-hCG降至正常,1~2个月月经恢复正常。结论腹腔镜手术治疗子宫瘢痕部位妊娠效果确切,疗效好,恢复快。     

Our choice of the method to induce pneumoperitoneum in videolaparoscopic surgery

BACKGROUND: In laparoscopic surgery, pneumoperitoneum may be obtained either by a blind or an open access technique. These two techniques and the advantages of Hasson technique are compared. METHODS: Through January 1998 and May 1999, 262 unselected patients underwent laparoscopic surgery; pneumoperitoneum was obtained with a random technique, while in the patients previously operated on the open technique was always performed. In 161 cases (61.5%) pneumoperitoneum was obtained with Hasson technique and in 101 (38.5%) with Veress technique. All the patients were clinically evaluated after surgery and then after 30-40 days. The complications encountered were always associated with the Veress needle blind access: peritoneal space insufflation in 3 cases, greater omentum insufflation in 3 cases, 4 cases of difficult management and only one case of incisional hernia on the umbilical wound. RESULTS: Our data confirm that Hasson open technique is safer than Veress blind technique as the risk of severe early and late complications is lower. CONCLUSIONS: The open laparoscopic technique with the Hasson trocar is recommended as it showed to be a quicker, safer and superior technique for obtaining pneumoperitoneum.     

Safe Veress needle insertion

Background/Purpose For laparoscopic surgery, the creation of pneumoperitoneum still remains a must. The insertion of a Veress needle or a trocar is never perfectly safe, and almost every kind of intraabdominal organ injury due to these insertions has been reported worldwide. Here, we describe a safe technique for creating pneumoperitoneum. Methods For the creation of pneumoperitoneum, under direct vision, the linea alba was elevated with two towel clips and then the Veress needle was inserted. We reviewed 368 patients operated on with this technique for complication rates. Ultrasound images were obtained before and during abdominal-wall lifting in 10 patients. Results There were no injuries due to the insertion of the Veress needle or trocars. In 90% of the patients, pneumoperitoneum was created successfully on the first attempt. Ultrasound examination demonstrated a mean extra safe area of 11.8 mm during abdominal-wall lifting with this technique. Conclusions Elevating the linea alba during Veress-needle insertion is safe.     

Safety of the Veress needle in pediatric laparoscopy

PURPOSE: To better establish the complication rate with the Veress needle technique for establishing a pneumoperitoneum in pediatric laparoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed all pediatric laparoscopy cases performed by a single surgeon from 1996 to 2003. There were 257 patients ranging in age from 4 months to 19 years. Infraumbilical placement of the Veress needle was used to create a pneumoperitoneum. All instances of preperitoneal insufflation, vessel/viscus injury, and forced conversion to open surgery were recorded. The length of time required to establish pneumoperitoneum was reported in the last 139 patients. RESULTS: The average length of time required to gain access to the peritoneum was <2 minutes. Of these procedures, 138 were performed for nonpalpable undescended testicles, 101 for varicoceles, 13 for duplication anomalies, and 5 for intersex disorders. There were 18 cases (7.0%) of preperitoneal insufflation. No cases resulted in vessel/visceral injury, conversion to open surgery, conversion to use of the Hassan trocar technique, or inability to complete the procedure because of complications in establishing a pneumoperitoneum. In all cases of preperitoneal insufflation, proper access was achieved by pulling the needle out and reinserting it at a different angle, with pneumoperitoneum being achieved easily in each case. CONCLUSION: The use of the Veress needle to establish pneumoperitoneum in children of all ages is safe, fast, and efficacious.     

A safe and simple method for routine open access in laparoscopic procedures

Background: Access to the peritoneal cavity in laparoscopic procedures is generally achieved by means of a pneumoperitoneum, following introduction of a Veress needle. Because this procedure must be done blindly, it is not without visceral or vascular hazards. Therefore, we sought an alternative technique that might obviate these complications. Methods: In a series of 803 patients, a modified Hasson technique was used to obtain a pneumoperitoneum without risking the complications associated with the introduction of a Veress needle. Results: The modified Hasson technique proved to be feasible in all cases. No visceral or vascular complications resulted, but 10 patients had a transient serous discharge. Follow-up ranged between 5 and 52 months. Conclusion: The modified Hasson technique should always be used in laparoscopic procedures. Received: 17 December 1997/Accepted: 7 May 1998     

Efficacy of establishment of pneumoperitoneum with the Veress needle, Hasson trocar, and modified blunt trocar (TrocDoc): a randomized study

PURPOSE: To compare three techniques of establishment of pneumoperitoneum for efficacy: the Veress needle/first trocar, the Hasson trocar, and a newly developed modified blunt trocar, the TrocDoc. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between June and December 1999, 62 patients eligible for laparoscopic surgery were randomized. The effectiveness of installation of the pneumoperitoneum using the three techniques was assessed by time-motion analysis. Primary efficacy measures were total time and number of actions required to establish the pneumoperitoneum. Secondary efficacy measures were procedure-related complications, wound complications, and occurrence of CO2 leakage. RESULTS: Two patients were withdrawn from inclusion. The three groups were comparable for age and body mass index. Total time was shortest using the TrocDoc rather than the Veress needle/first trocar and the Hasson trocar (respectively, 138 +/- 58 v 237 +/- 56 v 350 +/- 103 seconds), and the number of actions was lowest for the Veress needle/first trocar combination: 22 +/- 7 v 32 +/- 12 (TrocDoc) v 53 +/- 17 (Hasson). There was no morbidity related to the installation of pneumoperitoneum nor trocar wound complications. Gas leakage occurred in five of the Hasson introductions. CONCLUSIONS: Establishment of the pneumoperitoneum is more efficient using the TrocDoc compared with the Veress needle/first trocar and the Hasson trocar. The TrocDoc might replace the two alternatives because of its efficacy and open method of introduction.     

肠粘连患者选择实施腹腔镜粘连松解术的体会

目的：实施气腹造影CT检查诊断肠粘连，筛选局限性腹壁粘连患者施行腹腔镜肠粘连松解术，以获取最佳微创效益。方法：为8例术后疑有腹壁切口肠粘连患者采用腹腔内注气，气腹造影螺旋CT平扫，分析判断肠粘连的病理类型，5例选择性实施腹腔镜肠粘连松解术。结果：气腹造影CT扫描7例均清晰显示肠管、网膜与腹壁切口局限性粘连，其余区域未见粘连，1例为腹腔弥漫性广泛粘连。施5例腹腔镜手术均顺利，腹腔镜手术所见与术前判断完全吻合，仅1例发生1处肠管损伤。结论：CT气腹造影能清晰显示出术后腹壁肠粘连的粘连类型、分布和范围等形态特征，可以选择实施腹腔镜肠粘连松解术的适宜病例，获得理想的微创效果。     

Comparison of direct trocar and veress needle insertion in the performance of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Veress needle insertion, direct trocar insertion and open technique are different methods of establishing pneumoperitoneum to perform a successful laparoscopic procedure. We conducted this study to compare the use of a Veress needle and direct trocar insertion to create pneumoperitoneum. 274 laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations were evaluated. There were no significant differences in the age and gender between Veress needle and direct trocar entry groups. In this study we have seen that the complication rate while performing pneumoperitoneum by direct trocar entrance was less than in Veress needle usage. Direct trocar entrance also reduces the operation time. In laparoscopic cholecystectomy the direct trocar entrance method is a more reliable and less time consuming method than Veress needle usage.