恩替卡韦、拉米夫定治疗乙型重型肝炎的疗效和安全性

目的评估恩替卡韦、拉米夫定治疗HBV相关重型肝炎的疗效和安全性。方法选择2010年1月1日至2015年12月31日在本科住院治疗HBV相关慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者157例,分3组,恩替卡韦组52例,拉米夫定组55例,对照组50例。3组患者均接受内科综合治疗,恩替卡韦、拉米夫定组分别口服恩替卡韦、拉米夫定抗病毒治疗。观察指标包括:24周生存率,12周HBV DNA转阴率、肝功能、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)变化,住院时间,腹水、肝性脑病、消化道出血、肝肾综合征、自发性腹膜炎等并发症的发生率。结果恩替卡韦、拉米夫定组患者的24周生存率分别为69.2%(36/52)、72.7%(40/55),高于对照组56%(28/50)(P均0.05)。治疗12周,恩替卡韦、拉米夫定组较对照组患者的TBil、ALT、AST均显著下降(P均0.05)、PTA显著升高(P0.05);HBV DNA的转阴率分别为88.5%(46/52)、85.5%(47/55),高于对照组10%(5/50)(P均0.05)。恩替卡韦、拉米夫定组肝性脑病、肝肾综合征、腹水发生率均低于对照组(P均0.05),平均住院时间分别为(85±48.6)d、(79±44.3)d,低于对照组(124.3±58.5)d(P均0.05)。结论恩替卡韦、拉米夫定可提高乙型重型肝炎患者的生存率、减少并发症、缩短住院时间,安全性良好。     

谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体在乙肝肝硬化并肝源性糖尿病患者中的临床应用价值

[目的]探讨谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GADA)在乙肝肝硬化并肝源性糖尿病中的临床应用价值。[方法]选取住院治疗的乙肝肝硬化患者225例,根据是否合并肝源性糖尿病分为肝源性糖尿病组(126例)和乙肝肝硬化组(99例),45例健康体检人员作为健康对照组(健康组)。比较上述各组血清GADA的阳性率。选择乙肝肝硬化患者中资料完整可用于Child-pugh分级197例,其中A级有71例,B级65例,C级61例。比较不同Child-pugh分级的GADA阳性率。肝源性糖尿病组患者根据其是否应用恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗分为恩替卡韦组(68例)和对照组(58例)。比较恩替卡韦组与对照组治疗前及治疗48周后血清GADA的阳性率及TBil、ALT、AST、LN、CⅣ、HA、PCⅢ、LSM、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白等变化;观察2组患者治疗前后病毒学应答情况。[结果]肝源性糖尿病组GADA阳性率35.7%(45/126)明显高于乙肝肝硬化组22.2%(22/99)和健康组8.9%(4/45),差异有统计学意义(t=4.60,P=0.031;t=11.7,P=0.001)。治疗前,恩替卡韦组血清GADA阳性率与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.221,P=0.638)。治疗48周后,恩替卡韦组血清GADA阳性率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.83,P=0.028)。治疗前,2组患者的血清生化指标、肝纤维化指标及空腹血糖等相比无明显统计学意义(P0.05);治疗48周后,恩替卡韦组TBil、ALT、AST、LN、CⅣ、HA、PCⅢ、LSM、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白数值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。恩替卡韦组患者在治疗48周后有50例(73.5%)出现病毒学应答,对照组患者有10例(17.2%)出现病毒学应答,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=39.76,P0.001)。[结论]乙肝肝硬化伴肝源性糖尿病患者应用恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗效果显著,GADA阳性率可作为乙肝肝硬化伴肝源性糖尿病患者的鉴别诊断及病情严重程度的判断指标,同时也可作为抗病毒疗效的评价指标,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

阿德福韦酯联合拉米夫定治疗乙肝肝硬化的疗效观察

目的探讨阿德福韦酯联合拉米夫定治疗乙肝肝硬化患者的临床疗效。方法选取乙肝肝硬化患者90例作为研究对象,使用随机数字表法将其随机分为研究组和对照组,每组45例。对照组患者单纯给予恩替卡韦治疗,研究组患者给予阿德福韦酯联合拉米夫定治疗。观察比较两组患者治疗前后的血清学指标变化情况及HBV-DNA转阴情况。结果治疗3年后,研究组患者的HBV-DNA转阴率为93.3%,对照组为95.6%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的ALT、ALB、AST、PTA、TBIL等指标较治疗前改善(P0.05),但两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用阿德福韦酯联合拉米夫定对乙肝肝硬化患者进行长期抗病毒治疗具有良好的临床疗效,可有效改善患者的肝功能,与恩替卡韦治疗的效果相当,值得在临床上推广应用。     

乙肝肝硬化合并肝源性糖尿病临床特点及治疗分析

目的对乙肝肝硬化合并肝源性糖尿病临床特点与治疗方法的分析与探讨。方法自2012年1月—2016年1月,从该院所收治的乙肝肝硬化合并肝源性糖尿病患者中选取80例参与研究,分为对照组和观察组各40例,对照组患者只采用常规内科治疗,观察组患者在内科治疗基础上加用恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗,观察治疗效果,进行对比分析。结果观察组治疗总有效率明显优于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对乙肝肝硬化合并肝源性糖尿病患者实施恩替卡韦抗病毒药物治疗,效果显著,患者的肝功能、血糖控制情况良好、病毒应答率高,值得推广和应用。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化抗病毒治疗安全性与疗效观察

目的观察恩替卡韦等核苷类似物在乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者中抗病毒治疗的安全性与疗效。方法69例乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者随机分成2组,分别给予恩替卡韦、拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯两种方案,观察所有病例症状、体征、生化学指标、HBV DNA阴转、HBeAg阴转、抗-HBe阳转以及Child-Pugh评分分级变化等情况。结果两组患者无一例死亡,临床症状、体征、肝功能均有明显改善,HBeAg血清转换率分别为42.1%、41.9%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),HBV DNA阴转率两组分别为92.1%、84.1%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者选用恩替卡韦或拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯安全性及疗效无显著差异。     

恩替卡韦治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效观察

目的观察恩替卡韦治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者48周时的疗效。方法肝硬化患者随机分为两组,分别给予口服恩替卡韦0.5mg/d和拉米夫定100mg/d。观察24、48周时肝功能、凝血酶原活动度（PTA）、血清学、病毒学、肝纤维化指标、Child-Pugh积分等变化情况。结果 24周时肝功能、PTA、肝纤维化指标和Child-Pugh积分等均有所改善,但两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,随着疗程的延长无明显变化。恩替卡韦组在24、48周时分别有26.1%（6/23）及30.4%（7/23）的患者出现HBeAg血清学转换,但两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。24、48周HBV DNA水平下降值、HBV DNA阴转率恩替卡韦组高于拉米夫定组（P〈0.05）。结论恩替卡韦能有效、快速抑制失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的病毒复制,改善肝功能。     

恩替卡韦联合阿德福韦酯对拉米夫定耐药乙肝肝硬化的疗效

目的 研究恩替卡韦（ENT）联合阿德福韦酯（ADV）治疗对拉米夫定耐药乙型肝炎肝硬化的临床疗效.方法 选取98例对拉米夫定耐药乙型肝炎肝硬化患者分为代偿期和失代偿期,两组患者均给予恩替卡韦（0.5 mg/d,qd）和阿德福韦酯（10 mg,qd）治疗.两组患者分别在治疗前、治疗24周和48周收集患者的血清样本检测HBV DNA阴转率、ALT复常率、评估Child-Pugh评分和与药物相关的不良反应.结果 治疗24周、48周时两组患者的HBV DNA阴转率、HBeAg阴转率、ALT复常率与治疗前相比均得到显著改善,治疗24周和48周时,两组HBeAg阴转率、HBV DNA阴转率、ALT复常率比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.Child-Pugh评分与治疗前相比得到改善,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗24周和48周时,两组Child-Pugh评分比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.未见不良反应和病毒学突破.结论 恩替卡韦联合阿德福韦酯治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化可以有效抑制乙肝病毒复制,延缓疾病进展,安全性良好.     

拉米夫定与恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭疗效比较

目的比较拉米夫定与恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭疗效。方法选择2010年1月至2015年1月于我院就诊的慢性乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者82例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为拉米夫定组和恩替卡韦组各41例。对两组患者治疗后肝功能、HBV-DBA转阴率、病毒反弹情况、终末期肝病模型评分以及不良反应等进行观察比较。结果治疗后各时间点两组患者肝功能各指标均较治疗前有所改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后4周、8周及12周时,两组间ALT和TBil比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后恩替卡韦组HBV-DNA转阴率高于拉米夫定组,病毒反弹例数均低于拉米夫定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组死亡率无显著差异(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者MELD评分均显著低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均未出现严重的不良反应。结论恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭良好的疗效,对于患者肝功能改善及抗病毒效果均显著优于拉米夫定,且病毒反弹发生例数低于拉米夫定,更适合慢加急性肝衰竭长期治疗。     

恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎合并肝脂肪变的效果评价

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)合并肝脂肪变患者经恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗后的效果。方法纳入新疆巴州人民医院2014年6月-2015年6月就诊的HBe Ag阳性CHB患者164例,根据肝小叶内肝脂肪变的肝细胞数占总肝细胞数的比例将其分为3组:脂肪变肝细胞占比5%(对照组,89例),脂肪变肝细胞占比5%~30%(A组,43例),脂肪变肝细胞占比30%组(B组,32例)。患者均给予恩替卡韦治疗。检测患者治疗前和治疗后24、48周血清病毒学指标和肝功能指标变化。计量资料组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用Bonferroni法;计数资料组间比较采用χ~2检验。结果肝脂肪变不影响恩替卡韦治疗24周时的病毒学应答(P0.05),但恩替卡韦治疗48周时,B组HBe Ag阴转率(34.4%vs 60.2%)和HBV DNA阴转率(40.6%vs67.4%)均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P值分别为0.012和0.008);恩替卡韦治疗24和48周时,A组、B组的ALT复常率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(A组:P值分别为0.013、0.001;B组:P值分别为0.001、0.001),而血清AST、ALP及GGT水平显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(A组:P24值分别为0.001、0.031、0.001,P48值分别为0.001、0.021、0.001;B组:P24值分别为0.001、0.028、0.001;P48值分别为0.001、0.017、0.001)。结论肝脂肪变细胞占比30%与恩替卡韦治疗48周时病毒学应答降低相关,肝脂肪变会影响CHB患者恩替卡韦治疗24周和48周时的生化学应答。     

恩替卡韦和阿德福韦酯治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化合并肝源性糖尿病患者的效果比较

目的观察乙型肝炎肝硬化合并肝源性糖尿病患者分别应用恩替卡韦及阿德福韦酯抗病毒治疗的临床疗效。方法选取在青岛市传染病医院就诊的乙型肝炎肝硬化并肝源性糖尿病患者80例,根据患者所选抗病毒药物的不同,分为A、B两组,每组各40例。A组患者口服恩替卡韦0.5 mg,1次/d,B组患者口服阿德福韦酯10 mg,1次/d,抗病毒治疗48周。两组患者同时给予糖尿病饮食、胰岛素控制血糖及保肝、降酶等治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后生化学指标、病毒学应答情况、糖尿病控制情况及肝硬度等有无改善。计量资料两组间比较采用t检验。计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。结果恩替卡韦组患者病毒学应答率为85%(34/40),阿德福韦酯组患者病毒学应答率为65%(26/40),两组病毒学应答率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.27,P0.05)。恩替卡韦组患者临床生化特征改善较阿德福韦酯组更好,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。患者治疗48周后恩替卡韦组血糖及糖化血红蛋白分别为(7.53±1.13)mmol/L和(7.23±0.64)%,阿德福韦酯组血糖及糖化血红蛋白分别为(8.34±1.12)mmol/L和(7.79±0.84)%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.220、3.354,P值均0.05)。治疗后恩替卡韦组肝脏硬度值为(16.86±5.67)k Pa,阿德福韦酯组为(19.47±5.32)k Pa,两者比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.123,P0.05)。结论恩替卡韦组患者通过更好的改善肝功能、促进肝细胞修复,使肝糖原代谢改善,对患者血糖调节有帮助,最终血糖控制优于阿德福韦酯组。     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.