老年多节段颈椎间盘突出症并发育性颈椎管狭窄两种后路手术的疗效比较

目的 比较老年多节段颈椎间盘突出症并发育性颈椎管狭窄两种后路手术的疗效.方法 回顾性研究我院2005年6月至2010年6月采用颈椎后路(单或双开门)椎管扩大成形术治疗的老年性多节段颈椎间盘突出症并发育性颈椎管狭窄患者42例,pavlvo比值均＜0.75.采用单开门椎管扩大成形术+侧块螺钉固定术20例,双开门]椎管扩大成形术+人工梯形骨块固定22例.按JOA评分标准计算优良率,复查颈椎CT比较测量两组椎管矢状径情况并统计两组术后并发症情况.结果 术后随访7 - 15个月,平均10个月,术前两组JOA评分及椎管矢状径(颈椎CT上测量)比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后椎管矢状径单开门组大于双开门组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).并发症发病率单开门组高于双开门组(P＜0.01).术后神经功能恢复改善率,双开门组稍优于单开门组,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 老年多节段颈椎间盘突出症并发育性颈椎管狭窄后路手术中,单双开门手术均有效,但双开门手术组在改善率及术后并发症方面优于单开门手术组.     

单开门椎板成形椎管扩大术在老年颈椎管狭窄治疗中的可行性

目的探讨单开门椎板成形椎管扩大术在老年颈椎管狭窄治疗中的可行性。方法 75例颈椎管狭窄症患者按照术式分为对照组(n=37)与观察组(n=38),分别采用全椎板切除加侧块内固定手术与单开门椎板成形椎管扩大术进行治疗。比较两组患者手术前后Frankel评分与JOA评分、手术前后生活质量评分、术后并发症发生情况。结果两组患者术后Frankel评分与JOA评分均显著高于术前(P0.05~0.01),且观察组患者术后上述评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者术后SF-36生活量表各维度(躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能及物质功能)评分均显著高于术前(P0.05),且观察组患者术后上述各维度评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。对照组术后并发症总发生率为37.84%(14/37),显著高于观察组(13.16%,5/38)(P0.05)。结论单开门椎板成形椎管扩大术治疗老年颈椎管狭窄的临床疗效显著,具有一定的可行性。     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病行微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术的效果观察

目的观察多节段脊髓型颈椎病(multi-segmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy,MCSM)行微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术的效果。方法选择该院骨科2016-08～2018-09收治的82例MCSM患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组43例和对照组39例。观察组给予微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术,对照组给予常规的颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术。比较两组手术时间、术后首次康复训练时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、治疗有效率及术后并发症。结果观察组术后首次康复训练时间显著短于对照组(P 0. 01)。观察组显效33例,有效9例,无效1例;对照组显效19例,有效14例,无效6例;观察组疗效优于对照组(P 0. 05)。观察组术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P 0. 05)。结论微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术对MCSM患者疗效好,并发症少,预后佳,可以在临床手术治疗中应用推广。     

Centerpiece微型钛板应用于老年颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术的疗效分析

目的 评价应用颈椎单开门Centerpiece内固定椎管扩大成形术治疗老年脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果.方法 回顾性病例对照研究.2009年2月至2010年1月应用颈椎单开门Centerpiece内固定椎管扩大成形术治疗老年脊髓型颈椎病患者27例,年龄平均68.3岁;对照组2008年1月至2008年12月采用传统丝线悬吊颈椎单开门技术治疗该类患者28例,年龄平均67.5岁.以日本骨科协会评估治疗(JOA)评分,术后轴性症状,C5神经瘫以及X线CT测量颈椎曲度、开门角度、有无再关门和固定相关并发症评价手术效果.结果 所有患者术后获得24个月的随访.两组JOA评分改善率差异无统计学意义(51.9％ vs 51.8％,P＞0.05);术后轴性症状评分Centerpiece组显著高于对照组[(10.3±1.3) vs(9.0±1.9),P＜ 0.05];Centerpiece组1例、对照组2例患者出现C5神经根麻痹现象,经保守治疗缓解.末次随访时,Centerpiece组颈椎曲度(18.1°±2.4°)与术前(17.9°±2.2°)比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),对照组(15.7.±2.0.)与术前(17.8°±2.4°)比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后及末次随访CT示开门角度维持良好,所有患者均无再关门现象;Centerpiece组1例患者出现椎板侧螺钉松动,无相关症状发生.结论 应用颈椎单开门Centerpiece内固定椎管扩大成形术治疗老年脊髓型颈椎病能够获得良好的临床效果,Centerpiece微型钛板能够很好地减轻术后轴性症状的发生以及颈椎曲度的丢失.     

颈椎前路Cage融合术与钛板固定融合术治疗颈椎病中期疗效比较

目的比较颈椎前路Cage融合术和钛板固定融合术治疗颈椎病的中期疗效。方法将113例颈椎病患者随机分为观察组56例和对照组57例。观察组采用颈椎前路减压单纯PEEK-Cage融合术治疗,对照组行经前路减压植骨融合钛板内固定术治疗。术后随访6个月,比较两组术前及术后6个月的JOA评分、椎间高度、颈椎曲度及术后并发症发生情况。结果两组术后6个月JOA评分均高于术前(P均<0.05),观察组术后JOA评分高于对照组术后(P<0.05)。术后即刻及术后6个月两组椎间高度、颈椎曲度均高于术前(P均<0.05),两组间比较差异无统计学意义。观察组发生椎间塌陷0例、椎间不融合1例、硬脊膜破裂2例、内置物移位或松动2例,对照组分别为5、9、7、5例,观察组椎间不融合发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),其他并发症发生率两组相比差异无统计学意义。结论与钛板固定融合术相比,颈椎前路减压Cage融合术治疗颈椎病中期疗效类似,但并发症少。     

一期后前路联合手术治疗老年颈椎后纵韧带骨化症合并脊髓型颈椎病的疗效

目的 探讨一期后前路联合手术治疗合并脊髓型颈椎病的老年颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的临床疗效.方法 选择2009年3月至2011年3月吉林大学第二医院骨科收治的合并脊髓型颈椎病的老年颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者17例,一期采用后路双开门椎管扩大成形术和前路髓核摘除椎体次全切骨化物切除钛网植骨钛板内固定术,术后随访3-24个月,采用JOA评分,Nurick分级及X线检查评估疗效.结果 所有患者均得到随访,平均随访时间14.5个月,术后JOA评分从术前的(7.5±1.3)分提高到(15.8±0.7)分(P＜0.05);Nurick分级从术前的(3.2±1.4)级改善到术后的(0.6±1.1)级(P＜0.05);X线检查表明所有病例在术后3个月植骨得到不同程度的融合.结论 一期后前路联合手术是治疗合并脊髓型颈椎病的老年颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的有效方法.     

不同来源植骨块在中老年人颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形术中的应用

目的 探讨不同来源植骨块在中老年人颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形术中的应用价值和对颈脊髓损伤预后的影响。方法 回顾分析不同类型植骨块在中老年颈椎双开门椎管扩大术应用情况。本组86例，年龄45～73岁。双开门椎管扩大成形术采用自体骨27例，异体无机骨17例，羟基磷灰石人工骨41例，羟基磷灰石人工骨并自体骨1例。结果 全部病例经3～62个月随访观察，术后脊髓神经功能均有不同程度的改善和恢复，无关门情况。结论 颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形术是治疗颈椎管狭窄症、颈椎OPLL及颈椎过伸性损伤等有效方法；人工骨在减少病人痛苦、减少术中操作步骤等方面优于自体髂骨和异体无机骨。     

老年多节段脊髓型颈椎病并发育性椎管狭窄后路手术

目的探讨多节段脊髓型颈椎病(MCSM)并发育性颈椎管狭窄患者行后路双开门椎管扩大成型+块状珊瑚羟基磷灰石术治疗的疗效。方法回顾性研究采用颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成型+块状珊瑚羟基磷灰石术治疗的MCSM并发育性颈椎管狭窄病患者34例,手术前后及随访时应用JOA评分和Nurick分级评价神经功能。按JOA评分标准计算优良率、术前及术后复查颈椎CT比较测量术前、术后颈椎椎管矢状径情况。结果术后随访8~16个月,平均12个月,结果显示术后颈椎椎管矢状径较术前明显扩大(P<0.01);JOA评分术后较术前明显提高(P<0.01)。结论 MCSM并发育性颈椎管狭窄患者行后路双开门椎管扩大成型+块状珊瑚羟基磷灰石术减压效果好,术后神经功能改善明显。     

颈椎侧块螺钉系统内固定术联合椎板减压术治疗颈椎管狭窄症疗效观察

目的观察颈椎侧块螺钉系统内固定术联合椎板减压术治疗颈椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法颈椎管狭窄症患者32例,其中瘫痪6例,不能行走26例,肌力1～4级。Frankel分级：C级6例,D级24例,E级2例。均行侧块螺钉系统内固定术,采用Margel法植入螺钉,其中侧块钢板固定12例,侧块钉棒固定20例,根据椎管狭窄和不稳节段切除相应椎板。结果术后随访6～36个月。X线片示螺钉位置正常,颈椎骨性融合,稳定性恢复,未见颈椎不稳。Frankel分级：C级6例中2例恢复至D级、4例恢复至E级,D级24例均恢复至E级,E级2例无变化。所有患者均下地行走;术后肌力3～5级,无轴性症状、内固定松动等并发症。结论采用颈椎侧块螺钉系统内固定术联合椎板减压术治疗颈椎管狭窄症疗效较好。     

n-HA/PA66复合生物活性人工骨在颈椎双开门椎管成形术中的应用

目的探讨纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺（n-HA/PA66）复合生物活性人工骨在颈椎双开门椎管成形术中的应用价值。方法脊髓型颈椎病11例,发育性颈椎管狭窄症7例,颈椎后纵韧带钙化症4例,术前JOA评分为（6.36±2.74）分。22例患者均行颈椎双开门椎管成形术,术中于劈开的棘突之间填充n-HA/PA66复合生物活性人工骨块。结果本组所有患者术后束带感明显缓解。22例随访时间12~25个月。末次随访时JOA评分为（14.23±3.47）分,与术前相比,P〈0.05。术后12个月CT扫描示颈椎管扩大良好,无＂椎板关门＂情况,n-HA/PA66复合生物活性人工骨块与棘突融合良好。结论 n-HA/PA66复合生物活性人工骨用于颈椎双开门椎管成形术术后显效快,无椎板＂再关门＂情况,人工骨块与棘突融合良好,近期疗效较好。     

Relationship between K-line distance and surgical outcome in cases of laminoplasty for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Although previous studies indicate that changes in cervical alignment after laminoplasty and dynamic factors influence surgical outcomes of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), the relationship between the surgical outcomes, the distance between the kyphosis-line (K-line) and OPLL, and dynamic factors have not yet been quantitatively evaluated. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between ΔK-line distance and surgical outcomes in cases of laminoplasty for OPLL of the cervical spine. We retrospectively reviewed 46 consecutive patients (33 men and 13 women) with cervical OPLL who underwent laminoplasty. “K-line distance” was measured as the minimum interval between the K-line and OPLL on lateral radiographs. The following factors were analyzed: K-line distance in neutral, flexion, and extension neck positions, ΔK-line distance, preoperative C2-7 range of motion (ROM), preoperative segmental ROM, preoperative C2-7 lordotic angle, occupying ratio of the OPLL, disease duration, preoperative and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and recovery rate. Patients were divided into flexion K-line (+) and flexion K-line (−) groups. We then analyzed the influence of the K-line distance on surgical outcomes and conducted multivariate analysis to analyze the factors affecting surgical outcomes. The JOA score recovery rate in the flexion K-line (−) group was significantly lower than that in the flexion K-line (+) group (P = .024). The ΔK-line distance was significantly negatively correlated with the JOA score recovery rate (r = −0.531, P < .001). Additionally, multivariate analysis showed that ΔK-line distance (OR = −2.143, P = .015) was negatively correlated with the JOA score recovery rate. The ΔK-line distance is considered useful for the quantitative evaluation of dynamic factors and static compression factors due to OPLL through the measurement of dynamic radiographic images.     

Impacts of postoperative changes of segmental mobility on neurological improvement after laminoplasty for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Several studies have demonstrated that the dynamic factor at the mobile segment affects the severity of myelopathy in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (C-OPLL), and posterior decompression supplemented with posterior instrumented fusion at the mobile segment provides good neurological improvement. However, there have been few reports of changes in range of motion at the mobile segment (segmental ROM) after laminoplasty (LP). The aim of this study was thus to retrospectively investigate changes in segmental ROM after LP and the impacts of these changes on neurological improvement in patients with C-OPLL.A total of 51 consecutive patients who underwent LP for C-OPLL since May 2010 and were followed for at least 2 years after surgery were included in this study. Neurological status was assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score before surgery and at 2-year follow-up. Segmental ROM at the responsible level for myelopathy was measured preoperatively and at 2-year follow-up using lateral flexion-extension radiographs of the cervical spine.The mean JOA score improved significantly from 10.7 points preoperatively to 13.5 points at 2 years after surgery (mean recovery rate, 45.0%). The mean segmental ROM decreased significantly from 6.5 degrees before surgery to 3.2 degrees at 2 years after surgery. In the good clinical outcome group (recovery rate of the JOA score ≥50%; n = 22), the mean segmental ROM decreased significantly from 5.8 degrees preoperatively to 3.0 degrees postoperatively. It also decreased significantly from 7.1 degrees to 3.4 degrees in the poor clinical outcome group (recovery rate of the JOA score <50%; n = 29).This study showed that segmental ROM was stabilized after LP in most patients with C-OPLL. Neither preoperative nor postoperative segmental ROM showed significant differences between the good and poor clinical outcome groups and neither a postoperative increase nor decrease of segmental ROM significantly affected the recovery rate of the JOA score.     

单侧开门外侧块螺钉固定植骨治疗颈脊髓压迫症

目的 探讨单侧开门外侧块螺钉固定植骨术治疗颈脊髓压迫症的临床疗效.方法 自2004-02～2008-06采用单侧开门外侧块螺钉固定植骨术治疗颈脊髓压迫症26例,男18例,女8例;年龄51～67岁,平均58岁.26例中有22例为多节段脊髓型颈椎病(3个或3个节段以上),其中10例合并发育性椎管狭窄症(6例合并动力性椎管狭窄症,3例合并后纵韧带骨化症,1例为外伤性);4例为颈椎管内肿瘤.随访9个月～2年2个月,平均1年8个月.结果 疗效评定标准参照日本整形外科协会(JOA)评分标准,优8例,良15例,可2例,差1例,优良率为88.5%.无一例出现血管损伤或内固定物断裂并发症,1例脊膜瘤因肿物过大术后出现脊髓再灌注损伤表现,经积极治疗好转,生活可自理.结论 该法适用于需要从后方入路进行减压的颈脊髓压迫症,疗效肯定.其优点是手术相对安全,在彻底减压的同时进行坚强的内固定,尤其适用于伴有节段性不稳的脊髓型颈椎病.     

Statin therapy prevents expansive remodeling in venous bypass grafts

BackgroundVenous grafts (VG) have high failure rates by 10 years in aortocoronary bypass surgery. We have previously shown that expansive remodeling followed by increased LDL retention are early atherosclerotic changes in experimental VG placed in the arterial circulation. The objective of this study was to determine whether statin therapy prevents these expansive remodeling changes.Methods and resultsReversed jugular vein-to-common carotid artery interposition graft was constructed in 27 cholesterol-fed (0.5%) rabbits. Rabbits were randomized either to control or atorvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) groups, starting two weeks prior to vein graft implantation and continuing until sacrifice at 1 or 12 weeks post-surgery. Ultrasound measurements of arterial luminal cross-sectional area (CSA) were done at day 3 and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-surgery. Histomorphometric measurements were performed following sacrifice at 12 weeks. Atorvastatin treatment significantly decreased total plasma cholesterol levels at 4, 8 and 12 weeks (12 weeks: 6.7 ± 4.2 mmol/L versus control 38.7 ± 10.6 mmol/L, p < 0.0002). Atorvastatin significantly reduced expansive remodeling at 4, 8 and 12 weeks (lumen CSA: 44.6 ± 6.6 mm² versus control 77.6 ± 10.7 mm², p < 0.0001). Intimal CSA by histomorphometry was also significantly reduced by atorvastatin at 12 weeks (5.59 ± 2.19 mm² versus control 9.57 ± 2.43 mm², p < 0.01). VG macrophage infiltration, MMP-2 activity and metalloelastase activity were reduced in the atorvastatin treated group.ConclusionAtorvastatin inhibits both expansive remodeling and intimal hyperplasia in arterialized VG, likely through inhibition of macrophage infiltration and reduction of tissue proteolytic activity. The mechanism proposed above may be important for preventing VG atherosclerosis and late VG failure.     

椎管内扩大成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效

目的探讨椎管内扩大成形术(EICP)治疗老年性中央型腰椎管狭窄的早期疗效及优势。方法回顾性地分析空军总医院2015年1月至2015年7月采用EICP治疗以间歇性跛行为主要表现的退行性中央型椎管狭窄患者23例。观察手术时间、术中出血量、术中神经脊髓监测情况、术后引流量、手术并发症情况,术后影像学观察腰椎管横截面积和腰椎融合情况,采用日本骨科联合会(JOA)评分、Oswestry失能指数(ODI)评分、间歇性跛行的改善情况评价临床效果。结果本组所有病例均获得随访,随访时间12~16(13.8±1.5)个月,单节段术中出血量(257.5±47.1)m1,手术时间(114.5±16.8)min,术后引流量(150.0±37.6)m1。双节段术中出血量(344.5±55.6)ml,手术时间(161.8±24.4)min,术后引流量(225.4±40.1)ml,术中脊髓神经监测均未见持续异常。3例患者发生并发症,1例术中出现硬膜囊撕裂,对症处理后术后5 d脑脊液停止,2例术后出现切口延期愈合,积极给予换药,术后3周愈合良好。术前、术后1周CT扫描手术目标狭窄节段水平椎管横截面积,术前L3-4(73.32±2.67)mm~2、L4-5(116.24±2.17)mm~2,术后L3-4(213.33±3.26)mm~2、L4-5(260.16±3.67)mm~2,术前术后差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1年随访时JOA评分、ODI评分及间歇性跛行的情况较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据JOA评分,术后平均改善率90.05%。术后3个月、6个月、1年融合率分别为78.2%、86.9%、95.6%。结论 EICP是对传统中央型腰椎管狭窄症的全椎板切除减压手术的革新,体现了精准外科和微创外科的现代外科理念,既能对狭窄的椎管行有效减压,又能保护腰椎后方的原生结构不受到破坏,维持腰椎稳定性,增大植骨面积、提高融合率,手术疗效确切,并发症发生率低,是一种治疗腰椎管狭窄症的有效方法。     

小鼠扩展胰岛素钳夹术中糖代谢的变化

目的建立小鼠扩展胰岛素钳夹技术并观察其体内糖代谢的变化。方法分别采用[3-^3H]葡萄糖和2-脱氧-^3H葡萄糖（2-DOG）作为示踪剂,建立自由状态下小鼠正糖-高胰岛素钳夹技术,并观察其体内糖代谢的动态改变。结果在钳夹稳定状态,血糖稳定在基础水平（7.0±1.3mmol/L）,在高血浆胰岛素水平下,血浆FFA明显抑制（从1.45±0.15到0.45±0.08mmol/L,P〈0.01）。葡萄糖输注率为46.7±4.7mg·kg^-1·min^-1,葡萄糖清除率为11.2±0.6mg·kg^-1·min^-1,肝糖产生被完全抑制,骨骼肌葡萄糖摄取率为20.9±2.5μmol·100g^-1·min^-1,而TG和TC浓度较钳夹前明显降低（P均〈0.01）。平均血糖变异系数为5.19%,平均GIR变异系数为9%。结论采用上述示踪剂建立的小鼠扩展胰岛素钳夹技术,能准确评价小鼠机体胰岛素敏感性,同时能动态反映体内糖代谢变化。     

Atherosclerotic expansive remodeled plaques: a wolf in sheep's clothing

Geometric arterial remodeling is an important determinant of luminal narrowing in atherosclerotic disease. Expansive remodeling retards while constrictive remodeling accelerates luminal narrowing by plaque formation. Cross-sectional as well as follow-up studies revealed that expansive remodeling is associated with adverse cardiovascular events and a vulnerable plaque phenotype. Although the relation between expansive remodeling and plaque vulnerability is associative rather than causal, expansively remodeled plaques should be considered as a wolf in sheep's clothes. Further understanding of the processes that regulate arterial remodeling and plaque rupture may lead to new strategies to responsibly manipulate these processes for the benefit of patient outcomes.