奥威尔牙膏抗牙本质过敏的疗效研究

目的:评价家庭日常使用奥威尔牙膏后牙本质过敏症状的改善情况。方法:将60名受试者随机分成2组:实验组使用奥威尔牙膏,对照组使用普通牙膏。两组受试者每天刷牙2次共8周,采用VAS记分评价基线0、2、4周和8周受试者的牙本质敏感程度。结果:实验组基线0周时记分为5.92±1.04,4周和8周后为4.39±1.30、3.98±1.19,可显著减少牙本质过敏症状(P<0.05);与对照组4周和8周后记分5.08±1.17、4.65±1.18相比,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:奥威尔牙膏有抗牙本质过敏的效果。     

NovaMin脱敏效果的体内外研究

目的 通过体内外研究,探讨NovaMin脱敏作用的效果以及影响因素.方法 牙本质过敏症的患者随机分为两组.试验组使用含NovaMin成分的含氟牙膏,对照组使用单一含氟牙膏,进行1周的治疗,分别记录治疗前后敏感牙齿的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)值,比较两组间的差异.体外实验将离体牙暴露牙本质,用37%磷酸凝胶酸蚀处理后分为4组,A组:放置于人工唾液中保存7天;B组:用电动牙刷蘸取包含NovaMin的含氟牙膏刷牙本质表面;C组:用包含NovaMin的含氟牙膏涂布于牙本质表面;D组:用电动牙刷蘸取单一含氟牙膏刷牙本质表面.B、C、D组标本的处理均为每天2次,每次5分钟,持续7天.扫描电镜观察牙本质表面,计算牙本质小管封闭数目比.采用单因素方差分析比较各组小管口封闭率.结果 两组患者的VAS值较治疗前均有显著降低(P<0.05),试验组降低更显著(P<0.01).体外试验A组牙本质小管完全开放,B、C、D组牙本质小管封闭数目比分别为(67.02±14.58)%、(82.79±16.61)%、(14.32±7.29)%,三组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 含有NovaMin成分的含氟牙膏比单一含氟牙膏能在牙本质表面形产生更好的封闭效果.延长局部涂抹时间及减少敏感区的机械摩擦,可增强其疗效.     

含5.53%柠檬酸钾牙膏抗牙本质敏感的临床研究

目的：评价含5.53%柠檬酸钾牙膏减轻牙本质敏感症状的效果。方法：试验遵照随机、双盲、对照试验原则,将65名受试者随机分成试验组（含5.53%柠檬酸钾牙膏）和对照组（普通含氟牙膏）,两组受试者每天刷牙2次共4周。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）记,牙敏感症状。数据采用非参数检验进行统计分析。结果：与基线相比,使用牙膏4周后,试验组牙本质敏感VAS记分显著降低（P〈0.05）。与对照组相比,试验组4周后的牙本质敏感VAS记分明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）。83.9%的受试者认为使用该牙膏能缓解牙本质敏感症状;77.4%的受试者愿意继续使用该牙膏脱敏。结论：含5.53%柠檬酸钾牙膏具有显著的抗牙本质敏感效果。     

敏感性牙膏治疗超声波洁牙后牙本质过敏观察

敏感性牙膏治疗超声波洁牙后牙本质过敏观察广东省口腔医院洁牙室（５１０２６０）王超真使用超声波洁牙后，患者在接触酸、甜、冷、热刺激时较常出现牙齿酸软疼痛等牙本质过敏症状，作者自１９９４年以来随机收集１２７例使用超声波洁牙机进行龈上洁治的患者，随机分成两...     

含5%硝酸钾牙膏抗牙本质敏感的临床研究

目的:评价含5%硝酸钾牙膏减轻牙本质敏感症状的临床效果。方法:根据随机、双盲、平行设计的试验原则,将63名受试者随机分为试验组(含5%硝酸钾牙膏)和对照组(普通牙膏)进行试验,试验周期为4周。采用视觉模拟疼痛评分法(VAS)分别记录基线和4周后受试牙的牙敏感指数。采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行非参数检验。结果:使用牙膏4周后,试验组牙本质敏感VAS值显著低于基线(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组使用牙膏前后牙本质敏感VAS记分之差显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:含5%硝酸钾牙膏具有显著的抗牙本质敏感效果,可改善患者的整体舒适度。     

NovaMin生物活性玻璃离子牙膏抗牙菌斑和牙龈炎的临床研究

目的：评价NovaMin生物活性玻璃离子牙膏抗牙菌斑和牙龈炎的临床功效。方法：遵照随机、双盲、对照的试验原则,按纳入和排除标准将100名年龄在20～48岁的受试者随机分成试验组（使用NovaMin生物活性玻璃离子牙膏）和空白对照组（使用同一公司生产的普通牙膏）,采用菌斑指数和牙龈出血指数评价受试者的牙龈健康状况。结果：试验组菌斑指数和牙龈出血指数与试验前相比在统计学上有显著性差异,试验6周后牙龈出血指数和菌斑指数分别降低了58．8％和16．4％;而对照组菌斑指数和牙龈出血指数在统计学上无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：本研究提示NovaMin生物活性玻璃离子牙膏能通过减少龈上菌斑和减轻牙龈出血而显著改善牙龈健康状况。     

生物活性材料治疗牙本质敏感症的研究进展

牙本质敏感症是一种常见的口腔临床症状,我国成年人患病率为33.5％,给患者的口腔健康和生活质量带来负面影响.目前临床上常用的治疗方法为药物、激光、材料充填及冠修复等.其中,生物活性材料因其生物学上与天然组织相似,展现出良好的应用前景.本文就治疗牙本质敏感的生物活性材料的研究进展作一综述.     

牙本质过敏

牙本质过敏是指当牙齿受到各种外界刺激时所产生的短暂的、尖锐的疼痛。这些刺激包括温度改变的刺激、机械的或化学的刺激、静电的或渗透压的刺激 ,而以冷刺激所致最为常见。早在 1884年 ,ＭａｒｋＴｗａｉｎ就在给他的牙科医生Ｄｒ.ＪｏｈｎＭ .Ｒｉｇｇｓ的信中描述了牙周治疗后发生牙根过敏的症状。这是最早见有记载的牙本质过敏病况。病因科学研究证明 ,与过敏有关的短暂而尖锐的疼痛 ,是由Ａ -ｄｅｌｔａ类型的损伤感受器和感受疼痛的感觉神经末梢传递的。牙髓有丰富的神经分布 ,其中主要有两种损伤感受器 ,或称疼痛感觉神经元。第一种…     

8％精氨酸牙膏降低牙本质敏感的临床试验

目的 评价含8％精氨酸的抗敏牙膏控制牙本质敏感的效果.方法 采用随机、对照、双盲的研究方法,牙本质敏感的评价采用冷空气喷吹法,在常温下距离牙面1 cm处用气枪吹压缩空气,由受试者确认是否敏感,采用数字化疼痛评判法(visual analogue scale,VAS)记录受试者的敏感程度.按照纳入和排除标准纳入受试者,基线时共纳入受试者88人,按照性别和年龄将受试者分层随机分为试验组和对照组,每组44人.试验组使用含8％精氨酸的抗敏牙膏,对照组使用含5.53％柠檬酸钾的抗敏感牙膏.基线调查后,用棉签将1 cm长的牙膏涂抹于敏感牙表面并按摩1 min,进行敏感检测.受试者使用分派的牙膏和牙刷每天刷牙2次,每次至少1 min,分别在第3天和1周时接受回访.结果 所有受试者均完成了1周的临床试验研究.试验组和对照组受试者基线时的冷空气喷吹敏感VAS值(分别为55.51 ±8.48、56.67±10.22)和自我评价敏感VAS值(分别为43.75±6.65、41.98±8.53)差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).局部涂抹牙膏并按摩1 min,刷牙3d和1周后试验组冷空气喷吹敏感VAS值和自我评价敏感VAS值均较基线时显著下降(P＜0.01),对照组虽有下降但差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与基线相比,试验组冷空气喷吹敏感VAS值和自我评价敏感VAS值的减少程度在3个时间点均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 含8％精氨酸的抗敏牙膏在单次局部涂抹后能即刻缓解牙本质敏感,刷牙1周后可有效缓解牙本质敏感.     

Aesthetic properties of three Type II glass polyalkenoate (ionomer) cements

The aesthetic properties of three recently marketed Type II glass polyalkenoate (ionomer) cements were evaluated in a combined laboratory and clinical study. The materials investigated were Fuji Cap II, ChemFil II in capsules and Ketac-fil Aplicap. The aesthetic properties of a glass ionomer restoration were represented by iss translucency, the colour match with surrounding enamel and marginal adaptation. The translucency of all shades of the selected glass ionomer cements was measured under laboratory conditions and expressed as the optical density on transillumination. Colour match and marginal adaptation were evaluated in a clinical study. Twenty Class V restorations of each of the three products were placed. After finishing, the marginal adaptation was rated by two clinicians and colour slides of the restoration were made. Five clinicians assessed the colour match of the restorations from colour slides. ChemFil II and Ketac-fil Aplicap shades were considerably more translucent than the Fuji Cap II shades. The colour match of the ChemFil II restorations was significantly better than the Fuji Cap II and Ketac-fil Aplicap restorations. Marginal adaptation was judged excellent for all three products.     

氢氧化钙-甘油糊剂消毒根管的疗效评价

目的 通过对氢氧化钙－甘油糊剂根管消毒的临床观察，评价此制剂的疗效及其稳定性和安全性。方法 配制5％氢氧化钙－甘油制剂消毒备用。随机选择急慢性根尖周炎患者，记录患者用药前各项临床体征。常规开髓，预备根管后拭干，放置蘸有氢氧化钙制剂的棉捻或纸捻，5－7d后复诊，记录临床体征。无阳性体征者即进行根管充填。仍有阳性体征者，重复放置氢氧化钙药捻，直至无阳性体征为止。结果 用氢氧化钙制剂消毒根管后，患者临床体征均有显著改善，一般经过1－2次封药，急性根尖周炎阳性体征消化率达89％－98％，慢性根尖周炎阳性体征消失率达94％－99％。该制剂经过1a的观察使用，未见沉淀，凝固现象。结论 氢氧化钙制剂用于根管消毒，经临床应用观察，可使急，慢性根尖周炎的临床体征显著改善和消失，疗效可靠。其应用简单，方便，无任何不良作用，是一种较理想的根管消毒剂。     

Effect of poly(acrylic acid) architecture on setting and mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements

ObjectiveThis work focuses on the influence of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) architecture (linear or branched) on setting behavior and compressive strength of glass ionomer cements (GICs).MethodsBranched and linear poly(acrylic acid)s were synthesized according to the Strathclyde methodology or by free radical polymerization. They were characterized by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography to determine their molecular weight and size distribution. GIC setting was characterized by oscillating rheometry and time-dependent FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, compressive strength was tested on cylindrical samples (6 × 4 mm; n = 8/cement composition) after storage in deionized water at 37 °C for one day.ResultsWe used two different routes to prepare PAA. One direct route in order to provide straightforward access to branched PAA and a two-step approach in order to get more control about the PAA molecular weight using tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) for polymerization with subsequent deprotection. Using the second approach we obtained several linear PAA of which a mixture was used in order to mimic the molecular weight and size distribution of branched PAA. This allowed the direct comparison of properties relying only on the polymer architecture. Comparing linear PAA to branched samples in general led to faster setting but at the same time decreased the compressive strength. Increasing molecular weight of branched PAA resulted in even faster GIC setting while increasing compressive strength and this correlates well with the trends reported for linear PAA in literature. Mixing of branched and linear PAA, however, turned out to be an effective way of tailoring GIC properties. Significance: our results suggest that both molecular weight and dispersity need to be considered when choosing suitable PAA architecture for obtaining specific GIC properties.     

不同表面处理的Brnemark种植体修复后临床评价

目的：临床评价两种不同表面处理的Brnemark种植体负重4-10年后的差异。方法：57例患者分为两组,于1998年9月至2003年12月间,在我院口腔中心植入Branemark骨结合种植体共146枚,其中光滑组使用机械光滑表面种植体68枚,钛易耐组使用钛易耐表面种植体78枚。全部种植体均在2004年8月前完成修复;平均追踪84.5个月（57～125个月）,观察并记录X线和临床检查结果,对数据行统计学处理。结果：6枚（光滑组5枚）种植体在负重前松动脱落,其余140枚种植体无松动,光滑组/钛易耐组种植体周骨吸收均值、PLI和SBI分别为1.1±0.6/1.2±0.4（mm）、0.58±0.40/0.49±0.62、1.11±0.57/1.13±0.58,组间差异均无统计学意义;在观察期内,光滑组/钛易耐组的存留率为87.5%/95.7%。结论：机械光滑表面和钛易耐表面的Branemark种植体负重4-10年后,存留率分别为87.5%和95.7%,差异产生的原因可能并不是种植体表面处理,因为两组种植体在骨吸收,菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数并无统计学差异。     

拔牙后牙槽窝即刻植入纳米羟基磷灰石的临床观察

目的:研究拔牙后即刻植入纳米羟基磷灰石颗粒预防术后牙槽骨吸收,保持牙槽嵴高度的临床疗效。方法:选择16例需同时拔除下颌两侧相同部位后牙的患者,按左右分组,左侧为拔牙后立即填塞颗粒型纳米羟基磷灰石,右侧为拔牙后传统搔刮血块充盈对照。4周、12周分别复诊,摄X线片检查。对牙槽窝的愈合,牙槽嵴高度进行观察。结果:16例患者创口愈合良好。两组比较,12周后实验组X线片见牙槽窝处的X线阻射影与周围牙槽骨密度相近,界限不清,恢复的牙槽嵴与周围基本平齐,牙槽高度恢复良好。对照组牙槽嵴高度明显降低,实验组牙槽嵴高度降低不明显。结论:拔牙创内即刻植入纳米羟基磷灰石不影响创口愈合,能促进新骨的形成,很好地维持牙槽嵴高度,为以后进行义齿修复提供一个良好的基骨条件。     

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of 2% Lidocaine Containing 1:200,000 Epinephrine with and without Hyaluronidase (75 IU) in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis

Introductions

The purpose of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of lidocaine containing epinephrine compared with lidocaine containing epinephrine plus hyaluronidase (75 IU) when performing an inferior alveolar nerve block.

Methods

Patients complaining of pain in the mandibular posterior teeth were selected. Based on their chief complaint, proper clinical and radiographic examinations were performed. Among them, 40 subjects diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis were selected. The inferior alveolar nerve block was induced using 3 mL 2% lidocaine with epinephrine. Hyaluronidase (75 IU) or a placebo was injected 30 minutes after the beginning of pulpal anesthesia (randomized and double-blind trial). The duration of the effect in the pulpal and gingival tissues was evaluated by the response to painful electrical stimuli applied to the adjacent premolar and by mechanical stimuli (pinprick) to the buccal gingiva, respectively.

Results

In both pulpal and gingival tissues, the duration of the anesthetic effects with hyaluronidase was longer than with placebo.

Conclusions

Hyaluronidase increased the duration of the effects of lidocaine in inferior alveolar nerve blocks.