前列地尔对兔肾缺血再灌注时细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 观察前列地尔对兔肾缺血再灌注损伤时肾小管上皮细胞凋亡的保护作用.方法 建立兔肾缺血再灌注损伤动物模型,将实验兔随机分为3组:即对照组、缺血再灌注组和前列地尔组,每组10只.检测兔血清肌苷(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)浓度及肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量及肾组织中凋亡细胞.结果 与对照组比较,缺血再灌注组和前列地尔组在再灌注后Cr、BUN水平均大幅度上升(P＜0.05);但前列地尔组动物在再灌注60min后Cr水平(231.32±17.57)μmol/L明显低于缺血再灌注组(390.61±20.42)μmol/L(P＜0.05);肾小管上皮细胞bcl-2、bax、Caspase-3表达与对照组比较,缺血再灌注组明显增强(P＜0.05);前列地尔组与缺血再灌注组比较表达减弱,但仍强于对照组(P＜0.05).前列地尔组、缺血再灌注组与对照组比较凋亡细胞数增多,前列地尔组与缺血再灌注组比较凋亡细胞数减少.MDA、SOD与MPO的活性与对照组比较,缺血再灌注组与前列地尔组明显增强(P＜0.05);前列地尔组与缺血再灌注组比较,该两者活性明显减弱(P＜0.05).结论 前列地尔在肾脏缺血再灌注损伤时能有效的保护肾功能其作用机制可能是通过减少细胞脂质过氧化,从而降低bcl-2、bax、Caspase-3等凋亡基因的表达.

Abstract：

Objective To study the alprostadil effects of alprostadil on apoptosis by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR[) in rabbits. Methods The rabbit IRI models were made, and randourly divided into three groups: control group, IR[group and prostavasin intervention group. The creatinine (Ct) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined. Malondialdehyde ( MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD),myeloperoxidase ( MPO), bcl-2, bax, Caspase-3 and apoptosis were assayed at 60 min after reperfusion.Results The Cr and BUN levels in plasma in IRI group and Prostavasin intervention group were increased obviously after reperfusion. The Cr levels at 60 min after repeffusion in alprostadil intervention group (231.32 + 17. 57 ) μmol/L were significantly lower than in IRI group ( 390. 61 ± 20. 42 ) μ mol/L, ( P ＜0. 05 ). The levels of bcl-2, bax, Caspase-3 in the renal tissue in IRI group were significantly higher than in control group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), and those in alprostadil intervention group were lower than in IRI group, but markedly higher than in control group (P ＜ 0. 05 ). The number of apoptotic cells in alprostadil intervention group and IRI group was increased as compared with control group, and that in alprostadil intervention group was reduced as compared with IRI group. The contents of MDA, SOD and MPO in renal tissue of IRI group and Prostavasin intervention group were significantly higher than in control group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), and those in IRI group were significantly lower than in alprostadil intervention group (P ＜0. 05 ). Conclusion Alprostadil could be used to protect renal ischemia-reperfusion injury probably by decreasing oxygen free radicals generation, inhibiting neutrophils aggregating and activating in the renal tissues, thereby inhibiting the expression of bcl-2, bax, Caspase-3.     

热休克蛋白70和血红素加氧酶-1表达在肾缺血后处理减轻肾缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 评价热休克蛋白70(HSP70)和血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)表达在肾缺血后处理减轻肾缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法健康雄性SD大鼠140只,体重250～280 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为4组(n=35):假手术组(S组)仅开腹,游离双侧肾脏,分离双侧肾蒂不夹团;肾缺血再灌注组(I/R组)夹闭双侧肾蒂缺血45 min,恢复灌注;缺血后处理组(IPo组)夹闭双侧肾蒂45 min,再灌注10 s,缺血10 s,反复3次,恢复灌注;HSP抑制剂槲皮黄酮+缺血后处理组(Q+IPo组)缺血前1 h 腹腔注射槲皮黄酮100 mg/kg,余操作同IPo组.于再灌注即刻(T0)、1、3、6、12、24、48 h(T1～6)时各组随机取5只大鼠抽心脏血后取肾,检测肾组织HSP70、HO-1的mRNA和蛋白表达,T3时抽心脏血,测定血清肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)浓度、caspase-3 mRNA的表达,TUNNEL法检测肾组织凋亡细胞,计算凋亡指数(AI),光镜下观察肾组织病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,其余组T3时血清Cr和BUN浓度和AJ升高,caspase-3 mRNA表达上调,各时点HSF70、BO-1的mRNA和蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,IPo组T3时血清Cr和BUN浓度和AI降低,caspase-3 mRNA表达下调,T1～5时HSP70、HO-1的mRNA和蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05);与IPo组比较,Q+IPo组T3时血清Cr和BUN浓度和AJ升高,caspase-3mRNA表达上调,T1～5时HSP70、HO-1的mRNA和蛋白表达下调(P＜0.05).IPo组肾组织病理学损伤较I/R组减轻,Q+IPo组肾组织病理学损伤程度与I/R组相似.结论 HSP70和H0-1表达参与了肾缺血后处理减轻肾缺血再灌注损伤的过程.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the role of the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the reduction of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by ischemic postconditioning in tats.Methods One hundred and forty healthy male SD rats weighing 250-280 g were randomized into 4 groups ( n = 35 each) : sham operation group (S group) ; I/R group; ischemic postconditioning group (IPo group); quercetin (an inhibitor of HSP) + ischemic postconditioning group (Q + IPo group). Renal I/R was produced by clamping bilateral renal pedicels for 45 min followed by reperfusion. In group S, bilateral kidneys were only exposed through a midline incision but their- pedicels were not clamped. In IPo and Q + IPo groups, 45 min ischemia was followed by three 10 s episodes of ischemia at 10 s intervals for reperfusion and in addition intraperitoneal quercetin 100 mg/kg was injected at 1 h before ischemia in group Q + IPo. Blood samples from hearts were obtained at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of reperfusion (T0-6) and the rats were then sacrificed and kidneys removed to detect the expression of HSP70 and HO-1 mRNA and protein in renal tissues. The blood samples obtained at T3 were used to determine serum creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA . The apoptosis in the renal tissues was detected using TUNEL and apoptotic index ( AI) was calculated. Microscopic examination was performed with light microscope. Results Compared with group S, the serum Cr and BUN concentrations and AI were significantly increased at T3,the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was up-regulated at T3, and the expression of HSP70 and HO-1 mRNA and protein was up-regulated at T0-6 in the other groups (P ＜ 0.05) . Compared with group I/R, the serum Cr and BUN concentrations and AI were significantly decreased at T3, the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was down-regulated at T3, and the expression of HSP70 and HO-1 mRNA and protein was up-regulated at T1-5 in group IPo ( P ＜ 0.05) . Compared with group IPo, the serum Cr and BUN concentrations and AI were significantly increased at T3, the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was up-regulated at T3, and the expression of HSP70 and HO-1 mRNA and protein was down-regulated at T1-5, in group Q + IPo ( P ＜ 0.05) . The microscopic examination showed that the renal I/R injury was significantly attenuated by ischemic postconditioning and the degree of injury in group IPo was similar to that in group I/R. Conclusion The expression of HSP70 and HO-1 is involved in the reduction of renal I/R injury by ischemic postconditioning in rats.     

大鼠肾冷缺血再灌注损伤模型的建立

目的 建立大鼠肾冷缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)的模型.方法 封闭群SD大鼠24只,随机分为2组(n=12):A组(对照组),B组(实验组).A组切除右肾并游离左肾蒂,60 min后关闭腹腔切口.B组采用冷缺血再灌注模型,主要步骤:(1)冷灌注:右肾动脉插管对左肾原位灌注.通过右肾静脉插管将灌注液引流出体外,完成冷灌注后切除右肾,阻断左肾蒂.(2)冷缺血保存:将已充分游离的左肾牵至腹腔外,在自制保存袋中冷保存.(3)再灌注:60min后,去除保存袋,开放血流,再灌注左肾,左肾复位,缝合切口;2组大鼠均在术后24 h再次手术切除左.肾.肾组织进行光镜、电镜形态学检查,检测肾组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量,术前与术后24 h取血标本进行测定血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)评估肾功能.结果 (1)形态学检查(光镜与电镜超微结构):A组肾脏组织形态结构正常,B组损伤表现明显;(2)A组手术前后比较血浆BUN、Cr测定值差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).IR后的B组均高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(3)IRI后A组肾组织匀浆SOD活力高于B组(P＜0.05),A组肾组织匀浆MDA含量测定值低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 建立的模型要求条件简单、易行,可用于肾移植冷缺血再灌注损伤相关的研究;

Abstract：

Objective In this study,for studying IRI in kidney transplantation. ,we established the models of cold ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Twenty four SD rats were randomly assigned to two groups:control (A) ,and experimental (B) group. Group A was only removed the right kidney. Cold ischemia reperfusion was performed as the follow-listed model in Group B. The main process of the model: ( 1) Perfusing left kidney: after resected the right kidney of the rat, one pipe was put in the remainder right renal artery to perfuse the left kidney. The perfusion flowed out through another pipe in the right renal vein. The blood vessels of left kidney were clipped after cold perfusion. (2) Cold ischemic conservancy : the operation table was leant to left side, and the left kidney was taken out of abdominal cavity then stored in a cold bag which was full of ice and water,but the vessels of that were intact. (3) Reperfusing left kidney: after 60 minutes, the clip was removed. Left kidneys of all rats in two groups were removed to be detected. Structure of the kidney was evaluated by light microscopy and electronic microscopy. Superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the renal tissues was examined,and the renal function was also assessed by determining the levels of blood urea nitrogen ( BUN) and serum creatinine (CR) before and 24 hours after operation. Results (1) Morphologic change (hematoxylin-eosin staining) :A normal morphology was observed by light microscopy and electon microscopy in group A.Significant injury was detected in group B. (2 ) In group A, there was not significant difference about BUN and CR between before and after operation (P ＞0. 05) ,but in Group B,those increased significantly at 24 hour after operation (P ＜0. 05). (3) Activity of SOD in renal tissues in group A was higher than those in group B (P ＜ 0. 05 ) , meanwhile, Content of MDA in group A was lower than those in group B ( P ＜0. 05 ).Conclusion The rat renal cold ischemia reperfusion model we established is feasible regardless of experimental conditions, and can be studied as the events following IRI in kidney transplantation.     

七氟醚预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价七氟醚预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠24只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、肾缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和七氟醚预处理组(SP组).I/R组和SP组采用切除右肾然后夹闭左侧肾动脉45 min再开放的方法 制备肾缺血再灌注模型.SP组吸入2.2%七氟醚1 h,停止吸入后10 min时进行肾缺血.于再灌注2 h时采集静脉血样,测定血清肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)和胱抑素C(Cys C)的浓度,取肾组织,光镜下及透射电镜下观察病理学结果,并根据肾小管病变程度进行Paller评分.结果 与S组比较,I/R组血清Cr和BUN浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),血清Cys C浓度和Paller评分明显升高(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,SP组血清Cys C浓度和Paller评分明显降低(P＜0.05).SP组肾组织损伤程度轻于I/R组.结论 七氟醚预处理可减轻大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four adult male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8 each):sham operation group (group S);I/R group; sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP). After the rats underwent right nephrectomy, renal I/R was produced by occlusion of left renal artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion in I/R and SP groups.In group SP, the rats inhaled 2.2% sevoflurane for 1 h, then the inhalation was stopped and renal ischemia was performed 10 min later. Venous blood samples were collected at 2 h of reperfusion to determine the concentrations of serum creatinine(Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C (Cys C) . The renal tissues were obtained for microscopic examination, and Paller's score was recorded. Results Compared with group S, there was no significant difference in the serum Cr and BUN concentrations (P＞0.05), while the serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score for acute renal tubular injury were significantly increased in group I/R(P＜0.05). The serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score were significantly lower in group SP than in group I/R(P＜0.05).I/R-induced renal injury was significantly reduced in group SP compared with group I/R. Conclusion Preconditioning with sevoflurane can provide significant protection against renal I/R injury.     

抑制Ppif基因的表达对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 观察抑制Ppif基因的表达对缺血再灌注损伤肾脏的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法 建立大鼠肾缺血再灌注模型,将实验动物随机分为3组:空白对照组、阴性对照组、治疗组(各20只).治疗组大鼠给Ppif基因靶向RNA干扰(RNAi)慢病毒载体(4μg)0.3 ml,阴性对照组再灌注时给予0.3 ml含体积分数0.01二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的生理盐水,空白对照组不夹闭肾蒂,余处理同阴性对照组.分别检测各组血肌酐(Cr)含量、尿素氮(BUN)含量、细胞凋亡指数(AI)、苏木素-伊红(HE)染色组织病理学分析.结果 治疗组与阴性对照组比较,血Cr和BUN均明显降低,AI明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),HE染色组织病理学分析结果显示治疗组较另外2组缺血明显减轻.结论 Ppif基因靶向RNAi慢病毒载体能抑制大鼠Ppif基因的表达,从而抑制线粒体的凋亡,减轻肾脏缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To study the protective effect of Ppif gene inhibitor on renal ischemiareperfusion injury and the action mechansim. Methods A renal ischemia-reperfusion model was made in 60 rats, and the rats were evenly divided into three groups: control group (CON group), negative control group (NC group), and Ppif gene inhibitor group (treated group). The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), and renal cell apoptosis index (AI) were measured. Histopathological analysis was performed by using HE staining. Results A comparison between treated group and NC group showed that for treated group, the levels of both Cr and BUN were decreased, and AI decreased in the treated group as compared with the NC group (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Histolopathological analysis revealed that the ischemia in the treated group was significantly alleviated as compared with other two groups. Conclusion Ppif gene-targeted RNA interference ( RNAi ) lentiviral vector could inhibit the expression of Ppif gene in rats, thereby inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis and alleviating renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

七氟醚预先给药对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注时细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚预先给药对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注时细胞凋亡的影响.方法 健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠30只,体重220～260 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟醚组(S组).I/R组和S组采用夹闭左肾蒂45 min后恢复再灌注的方法 建立肾脏缺血再灌注模型,C组腹部正中切口,右肾切除,左肾蒂游离后,缝合腹腔;S组模型制备前30 min开始吸入2.2%七氟醚和氧气的混合气体至再灌注3 h.于再灌注3 h时采集下腔静脉血样5 ml,测定血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)浓度,然后取肾组织,光镜下观察肾组织病理学结果,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,计算细胞凋亡指数,采用RT-PCR和Western blot法测定血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)mRNA及蛋白表达水平.结果 与C组比较,I/R组和S组血清BUN、Cr浓度、肾脏近曲小管坏死程度、细胞凋亡指数升高,HO-1 mRNA和蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,S组血清BUN、Cr浓度、细胞凋亡指数、肾脏近曲小管坏死程度降低,HO-1 mRNA表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 七氟醚预先给药可通过抑制细胞凋亡而减轻大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤,其抑制细胞凋亡作用可能与HO-1 mRNA表达上调有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced apoptosis in kidney in rats. Methods Thirty pathogen-free male SD rats weighing 220-260 g were randomized into 3 groups (n=10 each):group control (group C);group I/R and group sevoflurane(group S). Renal I/R was induced by clamping the left renal pedicle for 45 min in I/R and S groups. In group S inhalation of 2.2% sevoflurane in O2 was started at 30 min before operation and maintained throughout the experiment.Venous blood samples were taken at 3 h of reperfusion for determination of serum BUN and Cr concentrations. The animals were then sacrificed and the left kidneys were removed for microscopic examination, detection of apoptosis(by TUNEL)and determination of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) mRNA and protein expression (by RT-PCR and Western blot).Results Renal I/R significantly increased serum BUN and Cr concentrations, apoptotic index(percentage of apoptotic cells) and the severity of necrosis of renal proximal convoluted tubules (0=normal,4=necrosis of whole segment of proximal convoluted tubules).Sevoflurane inhalation attenuated the I/R-induced changes mentioned above.HO-1 mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated by I/R and HO-1 mRNA expression was further up-regulated by sevoflurane inhalation.Conclusion Sevoflurane pretreatment can protect kidney against I/R injury by attenuating cell apoptosis.Up-regulation of HO-1 mRNA expression may be involved in the mechanism.     

缺血预处理-后处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning on the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Methods Forty healthy male SD weighing 225-275 g were randomly assigned into 5 groups ( n = 8 each): group I sham operation (group S) ; group II intestinal IR (group IIR); group Ⅲ ischemic preconditioning (group Ipr); group IV ischemic postconditioning (group Ipo); group V Ipr+ Ipo. The rats were anesthetized with intraperitonel 20% urethane 5 ml/kg. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded for 60 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. In group S, SMA was isolated but not occluded. In group Ipr, SMA was occluded for 10 min followed by 10 min reperfusion, and the rest procedures were performed using the method described in group IIR. In group Ipo, 60 min ischemia was followed by three 30 s episodes of ischemia at 30 s intervals for reperfusion. In group Ipr+ Ipo, Ipr was performed followed by Ipo and the procedures were performed using the methods described in group Ipr and Ipo. The animals were killed at 60 min of reperfusion. The intestinal tissues were immediately removed for determination of MDA content, SOD and MPO activities and the degree of damage to intestinal mucous membrane was scored according to Chiu score. Arterial blood samples were taken for determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α and 1L-6. Results Compared with group S, Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased, whereas SOD activity decreased in the other 4 groups ( P < 0.05). Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased, whereas SOD activity increased in group Ipr, Ipo and Ipr + Ipo as compared with group IIR ( P < 0.05). Chiu score and MDA content were significantly lower, whereas SOD activity higher in group Ipr + Ipo than in group Ipr and Ipo ( P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in the indices between group Ipr and group Ipo ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning can attenuate the intestinal IR injury in rats, and the efficacy is better than that of either Ipr or Ipo alone.     

缺血预处理-后处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning on the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Methods Forty healthy male SD weighing 225-275 g were randomly assigned into 5 groups ( n = 8 each): group I sham operation (group S) ; group II intestinal IR (group IIR); group Ⅲ ischemic preconditioning (group Ipr); group IV ischemic postconditioning (group Ipo); group V Ipr+ Ipo. The rats were anesthetized with intraperitonel 20% urethane 5 ml/kg. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded for 60 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. In group S, SMA was isolated but not occluded. In group Ipr, SMA was occluded for 10 min followed by 10 min reperfusion, and the rest procedures were performed using the method described in group IIR. In group Ipo, 60 min ischemia was followed by three 30 s episodes of ischemia at 30 s intervals for reperfusion. In group Ipr+ Ipo, Ipr was performed followed by Ipo and the procedures were performed using the methods described in group Ipr and Ipo. The animals were killed at 60 min of reperfusion. The intestinal tissues were immediately removed for determination of MDA content, SOD and MPO activities and the degree of damage to intestinal mucous membrane was scored according to Chiu score. Arterial blood samples were taken for determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α and 1L-6. Results Compared with group S, Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased, whereas SOD activity decreased in the other 4 groups ( P < 0.05). Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased, whereas SOD activity increased in group Ipr, Ipo and Ipr + Ipo as compared with group IIR ( P < 0.05). Chiu score and MDA content were significantly lower, whereas SOD activity higher in group Ipr + Ipo than in group Ipr and Ipo ( P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in the indices between group Ipr and group Ipo ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning can attenuate the intestinal IR injury in rats, and the efficacy is better than that of either Ipr or Ipo alone.     

缺血预处理-后处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning on the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Methods Forty healthy male SD weighing 225-275 g were randomly assigned into 5 groups ( n = 8 each): group I sham operation (group S) ; group II intestinal IR (group IIR); group Ⅲ ischemic preconditioning (group Ipr); group IV ischemic postconditioning (group Ipo); group V Ipr+ Ipo. The rats were anesthetized with intraperitonel 20% urethane 5 ml/kg. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded for 60 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. In group S, SMA was isolated but not occluded. In group Ipr, SMA was occluded for 10 min followed by 10 min reperfusion, and the rest procedures were performed using the method described in group IIR. In group Ipo, 60 min ischemia was followed by three 30 s episodes of ischemia at 30 s intervals for reperfusion. In group Ipr+ Ipo, Ipr was performed followed by Ipo and the procedures were performed using the methods described in group Ipr and Ipo. The animals were killed at 60 min of reperfusion. The intestinal tissues were immediately removed for determination of MDA content, SOD and MPO activities and the degree of damage to intestinal mucous membrane was scored according to Chiu score. Arterial blood samples were taken for determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α and 1L-6. Results Compared with group S, Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased, whereas SOD activity decreased in the other 4 groups ( P < 0.05). Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased, whereas SOD activity increased in group Ipr, Ipo and Ipr + Ipo as compared with group IIR ( P < 0.05). Chiu score and MDA content were significantly lower, whereas SOD activity higher in group Ipr + Ipo than in group Ipr and Ipo ( P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in the indices between group Ipr and group Ipo ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning can attenuate the intestinal IR injury in rats, and the efficacy is better than that of either Ipr or Ipo alone.     

缺血预处理-后处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning on the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Methods Forty healthy male SD weighing 225-275 g were randomly assigned into 5 groups ( n = 8 each): group I sham operation (group S) ; group II intestinal IR (group IIR); group Ⅲ ischemic preconditioning (group Ipr); group IV ischemic postconditioning (group Ipo); group V Ipr+ Ipo. The rats were anesthetized with intraperitonel 20% urethane 5 ml/kg. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded for 60 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. In group S, SMA was isolated but not occluded. In group Ipr, SMA was occluded for 10 min followed by 10 min reperfusion, and the rest procedures were performed using the method described in group IIR. In group Ipo, 60 min ischemia was followed by three 30 s episodes of ischemia at 30 s intervals for reperfusion. In group Ipr+ Ipo, Ipr was performed followed by Ipo and the procedures were performed using the methods described in group Ipr and Ipo. The animals were killed at 60 min of reperfusion. The intestinal tissues were immediately removed for determination of MDA content, SOD and MPO activities and the degree of damage to intestinal mucous membrane was scored according to Chiu score. Arterial blood samples were taken for determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α and 1L-6. Results Compared with group S, Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased, whereas SOD activity decreased in the other 4 groups ( P < 0.05). Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased, whereas SOD activity increased in group Ipr, Ipo and Ipr + Ipo as compared with group IIR ( P < 0.05). Chiu score and MDA content were significantly lower, whereas SOD activity higher in group Ipr + Ipo than in group Ipr and Ipo ( P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in the indices between group Ipr and group Ipo ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning can attenuate the intestinal IR injury in rats, and the efficacy is better than that of either Ipr or Ipo alone.     

右美托咪啶后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时线粒体损伤的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪啶后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时线粒体损伤的影响.方法 健康雌性Wistar大鼠,体重220～250 g,成功制备Langendorff离体灌注模型的40个心脏随机分为5组(n=8):缺血再灌注组(A组)、右美托咪啶10 nmol/L组(B组)、右美托咪啶100 nmol/L组(C组)、线粒体通透性转换孔开放剂苍术苷组(D组)及右美托咪啶联合苍术苷组(E组).离体心脏经K-H液平衡灌注20 min后,采用全心停灌40 min再灌注60 min的方法制备离体心脏缺血再灌注模型.于再灌注即刻B组、C组、D组和E组分别灌注含10 nmol/L右美托咪啶、100 nmol/L右美托咪啶、20μmol/L苍术苷、100 nmol/L右美托咪啶和20 μmol/L苍术苷的K-H液10 min.再灌注结束即刻取心尖组织,分离线粒体,测定SOD、Na+ -K+ -ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活性和MDA和Ca2+含量.结果 与A组比较,B组和C组线粒体SOD、Na+ -K+ -ATP酶和Ca2+ -ATP酶活性升高,MDA和Ca2+含量降低(P＜0.05),D组和E组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与C组比较,D组和E组线粒体SOD、Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+ -ATP酶活性降低,MDA和Ca2+含量升高(P＜0.05),B组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 右美托咪啶后处理可减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时的线粒体损伤,其机制可能与抑制线粒体通透性转换孔开放有关.     

大鼠肝缺血再灌注后肝细胞内糖原含量及细胞膜ATP酶活力的变化

目的 探讨肝细胞内糖原含量及细胞膜ATP酶活力与肝缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤的关系及相关机制.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠16只,随机分为2组(每组8只),①对照组:术中只分离肝周围韧带,不作肝门阻断及再灌注;②I/R组:进行45 min的部分肝门阻断及60 min的再灌注.取下腔静脉血2 mL,并迅速切取缺血肝组织.检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH);测定肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二七醛(MDA)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、肝糖原、Na+K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶、Mg2+-ATP酶等指标.结果 I/R组MDA、XOD较对照组升高;SOD、肝糖原、Na+K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶下降(P<0.05).结论 肝I/R损伤与肝细胞生物能量缺乏、细胞膜离子泵功能障碍有关.     

丙泊酚对大鼠急性肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨丙泊酚预处理对急性肾缺血再灌注损伤(acute renal ischemia reperfusion injury ,ARIRI)的保护作用及其机制.方法 采用完全随机研究设计(randomized controlled trial,RCT),健康近交系清洁级的雄性SD大鼠63只,随机分为3组:假手术组(A组)、缺血再灌注组(B组)、丙泊酚预处理组(C组),每组21只SD大鼠.采用切除右侧肾,用无损伤微动脉夹夹闭左侧肾蒂60分钟后解除阻断,建立大鼠急性肾缺血再灌注损伤模型.用24号套管针股静脉穿刺置管,实验过程中各组使用微量注射泵注入不同注射液.分别于手术前15分钟、再灌注后2小时、24小时留取血和肾组织标本同时处死大鼠,检测血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及观察这三个时点肾组织的病理学改变.结果 丙泊酚预处理组各个时点的肾组织病理学变化均轻于缺血再灌注组.缺血再灌注组中血清BUN、Cr、MDA和TNF-α水平增加均高于丙泊酚预处理组(p＜0.05),丙泊酚预处理组血清SOD、IL-6水平均高于缺血再灌注组(p＜0.05).结论 丙泊酚预处理组血清BUN、Cr、MDA、TNF-α、SOD、IL-6水平与缺血再灌注组均有统计学差异.结果 表明丙泊酚能减少氧自由基释放,抑制和减少炎症反应,在急性肾缺血再灌注损伤能起到保护肾脏的作用.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚后处理对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚后处理对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 成年雄性Wistar大鼠144只,体重220～250 g,随机分为4组(n=36):对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、缺血后处理组(IPO组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚后处理组(IPHC组).IR组、IPO组和IPHC组采用弹力橡皮筋环扎大鼠双后肢近心端3 h,再灌注24 h的方法建立肢体缺血再灌注模型.再灌注即刻IPO组于双下肢近心端进行后处理,再灌注30 s、缺血30 s,重复3次;IPHC尾静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.15 mg/kg,用生理盐水稀释为1 m1.分别于再灌注即刻、1、3、6、12和24 h时,采集下腔静脉血样后,各放血处死大鼠6只,取后肢股四头肌组织,测定血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和肌酸激酶(CK)的活性、TNF-α和IL-10含量,测定股四头肌组织MDA含量,SOD、氧化物酶(MPO)、Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶的活性及HIF-1α表达,光镜下观察病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,IR组、IPO和IPHC组血清LDH、CK的活性和TNF-α、IL-10的浓度升高,股四头肌组织SOD、Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶的活性降低,MPO活性和MDA含量升高,HIF-1α表达上调(P＜0.05或0.01);与IR组比较,IPO组和IPHC组血清LDH、CK的活性和TNF-α浓度降低,IL-10浓度升高,股四头肌组织SOD、Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶的活性升高,MPO活性和MDA含量降低,HIF-1α表达下调(P＜0.01),病理学损伤减轻;与IPO组比较,IPHC组血清LDH活性和TNF-α浓度降低,CK活性和IL-10浓度升高,股四头肌组织SOD、MPO的活性和MDA含量降低,HIF-1α表达下调(P＜0.05或0.01),Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶的活性差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚后处理可减轻大鼠肢体缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与其抑制炎性反应和脂质过氧化反应,减轻细胞内钙超载,改善细胞能量代谢等有关.     

α-硫辛酸对肾缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的 评价α-硫辛酸对肾缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠36只,体重250～280 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组:假手术组(S组)、肾缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和α-硫辛酸组(L组),每组12只.I/R组和L组采用夹闭双侧肾动、静脉45 min后恢复灌注的方法制备大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤模型,S组不夹闭双侧肾蒂.L组于夹闭前20 min和再灌注前20 min分别尾静脉注射α-硫辛酸30 mg/kg,I/R组分别尾静脉注射等容量溶剂(35％聚乙二醇+60％生理盐水+5％乙醇).于再灌注24h抽取腹主动脉血,测定血清肌酐(Cr)和MDA浓度,随后处死大鼠取心脏,测定心肌MDA含量和SOD活性,采用流式细胞术检测心肌细胞凋亡率,采用免疫组化法测定心肌细胞Bcl-2及Bax的表达,计算Bcl-2/Bax比值.结果 与S组相比,I/R组和L组血清Cr和MDA浓度、心肌MDA含量和心肌细胞凋亡率升高,SOD活性降低,I/R组Bcl-2/Bax比值降低(P＜0.05);与JR组相比,L组血清Cr和MDA浓度、心肌MDA含量和心肌细胞凋亡率降低,SOD活性升高,Bcl-2/Bax比值升高(P＜0.05).结论 α-硫辛酸可减轻肾缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌损伤,与抑制心肌细胞凋亡有关.     

线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道在利多卡因预先给药减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 评价线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道在利多卡因预先给药减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 雌性成年Wistar大鼠,体重220～250 g,采用Langendorff装置建立大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注模型.取模型制备成功的大鼠心脏24个,随机分为3组(n=8):缺血再灌注组(IR组)、利多卡因组(L组)和利多卡因+格列苯脲组(LG组).K-H液平衡灌注10 min后,C组、L组和LG组分别灌注K-H液、含2.5 mg/L利多卡因的K-H液、含2.5 mg/L利多卡因+10μmol/L格列苯脲(线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道阻断剂)的K-H液20 min,然后缺血30 min,再灌注60 min.分别于平衡灌注末(T0)、再灌注15 min(T1)、30 min(T2)、45 min(T3)和60 min(T4)时,记录HR、左心室发展压(LVDP)、左心室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)和左心室内压最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax).于T0和T4时,收集冠状动脉流出液,测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和肌酸激酶(CK)的活性.于T4时取心尖周围心肌组织,测定Na+-K+-ATP酶和SOD的活性、MDA和Ca2+的含量.结果 与IR组比较,L组HR、LVDP、+dp/dtmax和-dp/dtmax升高,CK和LDH的活性降低,心肌Na+-K+-ATP酶和SOD的活性升高,Ca2+和MDA的含量降低(P＜0.05),LG组上述各指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与L组比较,LG组HR、LVDP、+dp/dtmax和-dp/dmax.降低,CK和LDH的活性升高,心肌Na+-K+-ATP酶和SOD的活性降低,Ca2+和MDA的含量升高(P＜0.05).结论 利多卡因预先给药减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤与促进线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道的开放有关.     

缺血预处理联合后处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价缺血预处理联合后处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠30只,体重250～280 g,随机分为5组(n=6):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、缺血预处理组(IP组)、缺血后处理组(IPo组)和缺血预处理联合后处理组(IP+IPo组).S组仅开腹,游离双侧肾脏,分离双侧肾蒂但不夹闭.采用夹闭双侧肾蒂45 min、再灌注6 h的方法 制备肾缺血再灌注模型.IP组夹闭双侧肾蒂5 min,再灌注5 min,反复3次,余操作同I/R组;IPo组夹闭双侧肾蒂45 min后,再灌注10 8,缺血10 s,反复3次,再灌注6 h.于再灌注6 h时,经心脏抽血后迅速处死大鼠取肾,测定血清肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)的浓度;采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定肾组织丙二醛(MDA)含量,采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定肾组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;光镜下观察肾组织病理学结果 ;TUNEL法检测肾组织凋亡细胞,计算凋亡指数(AJ).结果 与S组比较,其余各组血清Cr和BUN的浓度升高,肾组织SOD活性降低,MDA含量和AI升高(P<0.05);与I/R组比较,IP组、IPo组和IP+IPo组血清Cr和BUN的浓度降低,肾组织SOD活性升高,MDA含量和AJ降低(P<0.05),肾损伤减轻;与IP组和IPo组比较,IP+IPo组肾组织SOD活性升高,AI降低(P<0.05),肾损伤减轻.结论 缺血预处理联合后处理可减轻大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤,较单独应用时效果好.     

七氟醚后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的 评价七氟醚后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响,探讨其减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤的机制.方法 健康雄性Wistar大鼠45只,体重250～280 g,随机分为3组(n=15):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和七氟醚后处理组(Spo组).I/R组和Spo组采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min时进行再灌注的方法制备心肌缺血再灌注模型,S组仅在左冠状动脉前降支下穿线.Spo组再灌注前1 min开始吸入2.5%七氟醚持续5 min.于再灌注2 h时取心肌组织,测定心肌梗死体积、Na+-K+-ATP酶活性和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性.结果 与S组比较,I/R组心肌梗死体积扩大,心肌组织Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶的活性降低(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,Spo组心肌梗死体积缩小,心肌组织Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶的活性升高(P＜0.05).结论七氟醚后处理可提高Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶的活性,从而减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.     

羟考酮预给药对大鼠肾缺血-再灌注损伤的影响

目的评价羟考酮预给药对大鼠肾缺血-再灌注损伤的影响。方法健康成年雄性SD大鼠30只,采用随机数字表法,将其分为三组(n=10),假手术组(S组):仅切除右肾、分离左侧肾动脉、肾静脉和输尿管;缺血-再灌注组(IR组):切除右侧肾脏,夹闭左侧肾动脉和肾静脉45min恢复灌注2h;羟考酮预给药+缺血-再灌注组(O组):缺血-再灌注前5min静脉注射羟考酮2mg/kg。于再灌注2h时经腹主动脉采集动脉血样,血清尿素氮(BUN)浓度采用脲酶法测定,血清肌酐(Cr)浓度采用速率法测定。处死大鼠,取部分左肾组织,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定,丙二醛(MDA)含量采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定。采用Western blot检测肾组织中B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(bcl-2)、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2相关x蛋白(bax)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)蛋白表达。结果与S组比较,IR组和O组血清BUN和Cr的浓度明显升高(P0.05),肾组织MDA的含量明显升高,SOD活性明显降低(P0.05),肾组织bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达明显升高(P0.05),而bcl-2蛋白表达明显降低(P0.05)。与IR组比较,O组血清BUN和Cr的浓度明显降低(P0.05),肾组织MDA的含量明显降低,SOD活性明显升高(P0.05)肾组织bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达明显降低(P0.05),而bcl-2蛋白表达明显升高(P0.05)。结论羟考酮预给药可减轻大鼠肾缺血-再灌注损伤,其机制可能与其抑制肾组织氧化应激反应和细胞凋亡有关。