肠癌根治术病人两种容量治疗方案效果的比较

Objective To compare the efficacy of two regimens of volume therapy in patients undergoing radical intestinal cancer operation. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 45-64 yr, weighing 42-65 kg,scheduled for radical intestinal cancer operation, were randomly divided into group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (n = 20 each).In group Ⅰ , 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (HES) 15 ml/kg was infused iv over 30 min before anesthesia induction, and lactated Ringer's solution 15 ml/kg was infused iv over 30 min immediately after anesthesiainduction for hemodilution. In group Ⅱ , lactated Ringer's solution 15 ml/kg was infused iv over 30 min before anesthesia induction, and HES 15 ml/kg was infused iv over 30 min immediately after anesthesia induction for hemodilution. Intraoperative infusion of colloid and crystalloid, blood loss, urine output and allngeneic blood transfusion were recorded. MAP, CVP and HR were recorded after entering the operating room (T0 , baseline),and at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min after anesthesia induction (T<1-4>), and at the end of operation (T5). Blood samples were taken from radial artery at To , T0 , T3 and T5 for blood gas analysis and determination of Hb and Hct. Results Allogeneic blood was not transfused in beth groups. There were no significant differences in infusion of colloid and erystalloid, blood loss, and urine output between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the baseline value, no were significant changes in intraoperative MAP, HCO-3, concentrations of lactate, Na+ and K+ were detected (P> 0.05), while CVP was significantly increased, and HR, Het, Hb, and pH value at the end of operation were significantly decreased in group Ⅰ . Compared with the baseline value, intraoperative CVP was significantly increased, and MAP, HR, pH value, and HCO-3 at the end of operation were significantly decreased,while no significant changes in concentration lactate, Na+ and K+ were detected in group Ⅱ (P > 0.05).Intraoperative CVP was significantly higher and lactate concentration at the end of operation significantly lower in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ . Conclusion The efficacy of volume therapy with HES before anesthesia induction and lactated Ringer's solution after anesthesia induction for hemodilution is better.     

磷酸肌酸钠复合氨甲环酸对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者心肌和血液保护作用的研究

Objective To investigate whether the supplement of creatine phosphate sodium and tranexamic acid to cardioplegic solutions can improve myocardial protection and blood conservation in off-pump coronary artery bypass graft(OPCABG).Methods 280 patients undergoing OPCABG were randomly assigned to experimental group (CP with TA group, n=70 ) , creatine phosphate sodium group (CP group, n=70), tranexamic acid group (TA group, n=70) and control group (n=70). Before BACG,creatine phosphate sodium ( 100 mg/kg) combined with tranexamic acid (30 mg/kg), creatine phosphate sodium ( 100 mg/kg),tranexamic acid (30 mg/kg), and equal volume of normal saline were given intravenously in each group respectively. Venous blood samples were taken preoperatively, and at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, 7 d postoperatively to analyze creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), troponin (cTnI) ; Meanwhile, the amount of cumulative chest fluid drainage and inotropic agent and blood transfused were also recorded. Results The plasma concentrations of CK-MB in experimental group at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h postoperatively (15±6), (14±5), (16±10), (15±6) and (13±6) U/ml and the plasma concentrations of cTnI(235±1.53), (2.72±1.46), (2.64±1.32),(1.16±0.76) and (0.48±0.24) mg/L were significantly lower than those in group CP, group TA and control group (P＜0.05). The amount of postoperative cumulative chest fluid at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h were (246±56), (420±82), (680±114), (725±126) and (730±130) ml drainage and blood transfuison in experimental group (5/70) were also significantly lower than those in other groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion For patients undergoing OPCABG, creatine phosphate sodium combined with tranexamic acid plays an important role in myocardial protection and blood conservation without increasing the surgical mortality and the incidence of postoperative complications.     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

氨甲环酸对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术病人炎性反应的影响

目的 评价氨甲环酸对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术病人炎性反应的影响.方法 择期行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的病人60例,年龄45～64岁,体重指数16～ 22 kg/m2,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,NYHA心功能分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=30):对照组(C组)和氨甲环酸组(T组).麻醉诱导后T组经30 min静脉输注氨甲环酸1 g,然后以400 mg/h的速率持续输注至术毕;C组给予等容量生理盐水.分别于麻醉诱导前、术毕和术后24h时取中心静脉血样,测定Hb、Plt、凝血酶原时间、国际标准化比值和血浆D-二聚体、IL-6的浓度.于术后6和24h时记录胸管引流量.记录术后异体红细胞和血浆的使用情况.记录住院期间相关并发症的发生情况.结果 与C组比较,T组术毕和术后24h时D-二聚体和IL-6的浓度降低,术后胸管引流量、异体红细胞和血浆的使用率降低(P ＜0.05或0.01).两组各时点Hb、Plt、凝血酶原时间和国际标准化比值比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组住院期间未见相关并发症的发生.结论 氨甲环酸可减轻非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术病人的炎性反应.     

脊柱手术患者急性高容量血液稀释联合控制性降压及自体血液回收的效应

目的 评价脊柱手术患者急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)联合控制性降压及自体血液回收的效应.方法 择期行脊柱手术患者30例,随机分为2组(n=15):控制性降压联合自体血液同收组(Ⅰ组)和AHH联合控制性降压及自体血液回收组(Ⅱ组),Ⅱ组手术前输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(10 mi/kg)和复方乳酸钠林格氏液10 ml/kg,速率为30 ml/min.2组均在手术开始后静脉输注尼卡地平行控制性降压,速率为1.0～6.0 μg·kg-1·min-1,在lO～15min使MAP降至65～70mm Hg,直至脊柱内固定安器安装完毕.2组术中均行自体血液回收,于脊柱内固定器安装完毕后回输.术中持续监测血液动力学参数,记录术中异体输血情况、尿最及术后引流量、异体输血量.不良反应的发生情况.结果 2组术中HR和CVP均保持稳定.与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组术中异体输血免除率升高,异体输血量减少(PO.05),尿量增多(P0.05).2组均末见心、脑、肾功能异常的发生.结论 脊柱手术患考AHH联合控制性降压及自体血液回收可减免异体输血.     

Ebstein畸形矫治术的合理麻醉处理

目的 总结Ebstein畸形矫治术的麻醉处理经验。方法Ebstein畸形矫治术的麻醉处理19例。成人患者术前口服安定10mg,肌注东莨菪碱0．3mg,吗啡10mg;而12岁以下小孩诱导前肌注氯胺酮6～7mg／kg、东莨菪碱0．01mg／kg。全麻诱导静脉注射咪唑安定0．01—0．03mg／kg,依托咪酯0．1～0.3mg／kg,芬太尼5-10μg／kg,哌库溴铵O．1mg／kg麻醉诱导,吸入1MAC异氟醚。持续静脉输注异丙酚0.8—2μg／ml;间断给予芬太尼5～10μg／kg,哌库溴铵0．05mg／kg。结果麻醉平稳,所有患者术后症状明显改善,围术期无一例死亡。结论采用复合麻醉药物的处理．对Ebstein畸形矫治术具有良好的麻醉效果。     

舒芬太尼对重症先天性心脏病患儿体外循环后氧代谢的影响

目的 评价舒芬太尼对重症先天性心脏病患儿体外循环(CPB)后氧代谢的影响.方法 择期在CPB下行心脏畸形根治术的重症先天性心脏病患儿34例,ASA Ⅲ级,年龄5～35月,体重5～15 kg,随机分为2组(n=17):芬太尼组(F组)和舒芬太尼组(S组).麻醉诱导:静脉注射咪达唑仑0.2 mg/kg、哌库溴铵0.2 mg/kg,F组静脉注射芬太尼10μg/kg,S组静脉注射舒芬太尼1μg/kg,气管插管后机械通气.麻醉维持:间断静脉注射咪达唑仑0.5～1 mg/kg、哌库溴铵0.2～0.5 mg/kg,F组静脉输注芬太尼20～30μg·kg-1·h-1,S组静脉输注舒芬太尼2～3 μg·kg-1·h-1.于CPB结束后15 min(T1)、术毕(T2)和术后24 h(T3)时,测定心排血量,计算心脏指数(CI),并取肺动脉血样,测定混合静脉血氧含量(C(v)O2);取桡动脉血样测定动脉血氧含量(CaO2),计算氧供指数(DO2I)、氧耗指数(VO2I)和氧摄取率(ERO2).结果 与F组比较,S组T2,3时DO,I和CI升高,各时点ERO2降低(P<0:05),VO2I差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与T1时比较,F组T2,3时CI降低(P<0.05或0.01),其余指标各时点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);S组各指标各时点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 舒芬太尼可改善重症先天性心脏病患儿CPB后机体氧代谢,维持氧供和氧耗平衡,其效果优于芬太尼.     

成年患者法洛四联症矫治术的麻醉处理

本院1996年1月至2009年7月行法洛四联症矫治术患者235例,年龄18～54岁,男性123例,女性112例,年龄18～54岁,Hb 122～263 g/L,SpO2 67%～95%.术中监测有创血压、Ⅴ导联心电图、CVP、SpO2、体温和经食道超声心动图.静脉注射咪达唑仑和/或依托咪酯、芬太尼和哌库溴铵麻醉诱导,气管插管后行机械通气.麻醉维持:吸入异氟烷或七氟烷、间断静脉注射芬太尼和哌库溴铵维持麻醉,轻症患者芬太尼用量为30ug/kg,重症患者芬太尼用量为50ug/kg.CPB结束后,给予相应的循环支持,同时加强血液保护和术后呼吸功能的支持.术中7例患者(2.9%)因缺氧发作需要紧急进行CPB,术后18例患者(7.6%)发生灌注性肺损伤,2例患者(0.9%)围术期行体外膜肺氧合辅助支持,术后3例患者(1.3%)死于严重低心排综合征或灌注性肺损伤.其余患者心功能及临床表现均明显改善.     

Intraoperative moderate acute normovolemic hemodilution associated with a comprehensive blood-sparing protocol in off-pump coronary surgery

We evaluated the blood-sparing effects of intraoperative moderate acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) combined with intraoperative tranexamic acid treatment and shed blood reinfusion in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). One-hundred consecutive OPCAB patients (baseline hematocrit >34%) were prospectively randomized to tranexamic acid treatment (control group; 50 patients) or to tranexamic acid treatment plus normovolemic (1:1 replacement with colloids) withdrawal of 17% +/- 2% of the circulating blood volume (ANH group; 50 patients). All patients had shed blood reinfused with intraoperative bleeding in excess of 250 mL. The requirement for allogeneic transfusions, based on strict a priori defined criteria, was the primary end point of the study. Hematochemical evaluations, bleeding, major complications, and other outcomes were also recorded. Demographics, baseline hematochemical data, and operative characteristics were similar in the two groups. Patients in the ANH group had a median of 850 mL of blood withdrawn and showed a lower intraoperative minimum hematocrit (31% vs 37%; P < 0.0001). Two patients in the ANH group versus 10 patients in the control group (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.89; P = 0.028) required transfusion of a significantly smaller number of packed red blood cell units (5 vs 24; P < 0.001). Postoperative hematochemical variables, bleeding, and outcomes were similar in the two groups of patients. Moderate ANH, combined with tranexamic acid administration and on-demand shed blood reinfusion, may reduce allogeneic transfusion requirements in OPCAB patients. IMPLICATIONS: We studied the blood-sparing effects of moderate acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) in 100 patients undergoing off-pump coronary surgery (OPCAB). Combined with tranexamic acid administration and shed blood reinfusion when the intraoperative bleeding exceeded 250 mL, ANH was effective in reducing the number of OPCAB patients who required allogeneic transfusions and the number of packed red blood cell units transfused.     

每搏变异度指导术中限制性输液对肝叶切除术病人肝肾功能的影响

目的 评价每搏变异度指导术中限制性输液对肝叶切除术病人肝肾功能的影响.方法 择期开腹下行肝叶切除术病人40例,年龄33～60岁,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,性别不限,采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分为2组(n=20):常规输液组(A组)和限制性输液组(B组).麻醉诱导:静脉注射利多卡因、芬太尼和顺阿曲库铵,靶控输注异丙酚.气管插管后行机械通气,麻醉维持:吸入七氟醚,间断追加芬太尼和顺阿曲库铵,维持BIS值40～60.术中静脉输注复方电解质注射液和6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4,晶体液和胶体液的比例为2∶1,A组和B组输液速率分别为10～20和5～12 ml·kg-1·h-1,分别维持每搏变异度值5～7和11～13.术中监测血液动力学指标.记录术中异体输血情况、出血量和尿量.分别于术前(基础状态)、术后1、3、5 d时采集静脉血样,测定血清ALT、AST、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、尿素氮、肌酐和乳酸的水平;同时测定Hb和Hct.结果 2组术中血液动力指标均在正常范围内.与A组比较,B组异体输血率降低,输血量、出血量和尿量减少,术后1 d时血清TP和ALB的浓度升高(P＜0.05).与基础值比较,2组术后血清ALT、AST、TBIL和DBIL的水平升高,血清TP、ALB的浓度、Hb和Hct降低(P＜0.05),其它指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 每搏变异度值能够有效地指导肝叶切除术病人限制性输液.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of stroke volume variability (SVV)-guided intraoperative fluid restriction on liver and renal function in patients undergoing hepatic lobectomy. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ - Ⅲpatients of both sexes aged 33-60 yr weighing 52-80 kg undergoing elective hepatic lobectomy were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 20 each): group A routine fluid administration and group B restricted fluid administration.Anesthesia was induced with iv lidocaine, fentanyl and TCI of propofol (target plasma concentration 3-4 μg/ml).Tracheal intubation was facilitated with cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg. The patients were mechanically ventilated.PETCO2 was maintained at 32-38 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with 1%-2% sevoflurane inhalation and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and cisatracurium. BIS value was maintained at 40-60. Radial artery was cannulated and connected to continuous cardiac output monitor (Edwards Lifeaciences, USA). ECG, MAP, CVP and SVVtained at 5-7 in group A and 11-13 in group B. Blood loss, urine output and the amount of RBC and plasma infused during operation were recorded. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin ( TBIL), direct bilirubin ( DBIL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and lactate and Hb, Hct were measured the day before surgery (baseline) and at day 1,3 and 5 after operation. Results The hemodynamic parameters were maintained within normal limits during operation in both groups. The blood loss, the amount of RBC and plasma infused and urine output during operation were significantly less, while the serum TP and ALB concentrations were higher on the 1st postoperative day in group B than in group A. The serum levels of ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL were significantly increased and serum concentrations of TP and ALB and Hb,Hct decreased, but there was no significant change in serum BUN and Cr concentrations and lactate after operation as compared with the baseline values before operation in both groups. There were no significant differences in serum levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL, BUN, Cr, lactate,Hb and Hct after operation between the 2 groups. Conclusion SVV can guide effectively intraoperative fluid restriction in patients undergoing hepatic lobectomy.     

术中静脉输注乌司他丁对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者围术期肺功能的影响

目的 评价术中静脉输注乌司他丁对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)患者围术期肺功能的影响.方法 择期OPCABG患者24例,NYHA心功能分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄65～75岁,随机分为对照组(C组,n=12)和乌司他丁组(U组,n=12).U组于气管插管后经30 min静脉输注乌司他丁6 000 U/kg,随后以1 000 U·kg-1·h-1的速率静脉输注至术毕,C组采用同样方法静脉输注等容量生理盐水.分别于术前(T1)、术毕即刻(T2)、术后4 h(T3)、8 h(T4)和20 h(T5)时测定血浆白细胞介素6(IL-6)浓度、中性粒细胞CD11b/CD18表达水平、血清一氧化氮(NO)浓度,并行血气分析,计算肺泡-动脉血氧分压差[P(A-a)O2]和呼吸指数(RI);记录重症监护室期间机械通气时间.结果 与T1时比较,C组T3.4时血浆IL-6浓度、T2～5时中性粒细胞CD11b/CD18表达水平、P(A-a)O2和RI升高,血清NO浓度降低,U组T2～5时P(A-a)O2和RI升高(P<0.05或0.01),其余指标差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);与C组比较,U组T3.4时血浆IL-6浓度、T2～5时中性粒细胞CD11b/CD18表达水平、T2.3时RI和P(A-a)O2降低,T2.3时血清NO浓度升高(P<0.05或0.01);C组重症监护室期间机械通气时间长于U组(P<0.05).结论 术中静脉输注乌司他丁可改善OPCABG患者围术期肺功能,其机制可能与降低全身炎性反应有关.     

术中静脉输注氨基酸对犬糖代谢的影响

目的 探讨术中静脉输注氨基酸对犬糖代谢的影响.方法 健康成年杂种犬36只,雌雄不拘,体重12～16 kg,全麻下行小肠部分切除术,随机分为4组(n=9):对照组(C组)静脉输注0.9%生理盐水,A1组、A2组和A3组分别于切皮前即刻至术毕静脉输注2.85%、5.70%、11.4%18-氨基酸溶液12 ml·kg-1·h-1.于麻醉前、麻醉诱导后15 min、手术15 min、30 min、1 h、关腹即刻、术后1、2、4、8、24 h时分别抽右股静脉血3 ml,测定血糖、乳酸、胰岛素和胰高血糖素浓度;于麻醉诱导后15 min、关腹即刻、术后24 h时行左后下肢外侧近端肌肉活检,测定肌糖原含量;于关腹即刻、术后24 h时行肝活检,测定肝糖原含量,采用Homa指数估计胰岛素抵抗程度.结果 与麻醉前比较,各组麻醉诱导后15 min至术后24 h时血糖升高,C组术后1 h至24 h时血胰岛素浓度升高,A1组、A2组和A3组手术15 min至术后24 h时血胰岛素浓度升高(P<0.05);与C组比较,A3组麻醉诱导后15 min至术后24 h时血糖升高,A1组关腹即刻、A2组手术15 min及关腹即刻、A3组手术15 min至术后4 h时血胰岛素浓度升高,A2组关腹即刻、A3组手术15 min至术后2 h时Homa指数升高(P<0.05).各组血乳酸浓度及胰高血糖素浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);组间比较肝糖原、肌糖原含量差异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论 术中静脉输注氨基酸可升高犬血胰岛素浓度,但不抑制糖原分解;低、中剂量氨基酸对血糖无明显影响,术中静脉输注高剂量氨基酸后胰岛素抵抗程度加重,血糖升高.     

混合静脉血氧饱和度反映非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中CO变化的准确性

目的 评价混合静脉血氧饱和度(S(-v)O2)反映非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植(OPCABG)术中CO变化的准确性.方法 择期行OPCABG的病人25例,年龄50～75岁,体重55～85 kg,NYHA心功能分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级.静脉注射咪达唑仑、芬太尼、哌库溴铵和依托咪酯麻醉诱导,气管插管后行机械通气.麻醉诱导后,右颈内静脉置入漂浮导管,监测S(-v)O2和CI.静脉注射芬太尼和哌库溴铵,静脉输注异丙酚,必要时吸入异氟醚维持麻醉.于切皮前、吻合冠状动脉前降支(LAD)、吻合右冠状动脉(RCA)、吻合左冠状动脉回旋支(LCX)和关胸时,记录S(-v)O2、CI和Hb,计算氧耗指数(VO2I)、氧供指数(DO2I)和氧摄取率(ERO2).于体位改变前即刻、头低位时、搬动心脏时和固定心脏后,记录S(-v)O2和CI.结果 各时点VO2I和Hb比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);S(-v)O2、CI和ERO2于吻合RCA时降低,吻合LCX时降至最低,关胸时恢复至切皮前水平(P＜0.05);DO2I于吻合RCA和吻合LCX时降低,关胸时恢复至切皮前水平(P＜0.05).吻合RCA前和吻合LCX前,与体位变化前比较,头低位/头低右侧位时S(-v)O2升高(P＜0.05);与头低位/头低右侧位时比较,搬动心脏时S(-v)O2降低(P＜0.05);与搬动心脏比较,固定心脏后S(-v)O2升高(P＜0.05);各体位时CI差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 OPCABG术中病人体位、心脏位置瞬间改变和固定心脏时,S(-v)O2可实时、准确地反映CO的变化.