2016-2018年上海市戒烟门诊患者干预效果分析

【目的】了解上海市戒烟门诊就诊患者的一般情况、吸烟情况、戒烟情况以及1个月随访情况,为进一步有效开展戒烟门诊提供科学依据。【方法】调查2016年1月1日-2018年12月31日前往项目选定戒烟门诊就诊的841名吸烟者,并于1个月后完成725名患者的随访工作,利用SPSS软件分析收集到的相关数据。【结果】2018年就诊患者中91.3%为男性;50.6%年龄在35~55岁;57.1%学历程度在小学及以下;60.2%是企业,商业,服务业工作人员。44.1%的患者每天吸烟支数在10~20支;34.6%的患者烟龄在10~20年;38.6%的患者起床后5 min内吸第1支烟。72.1%的患者在前往戒烟门诊前尝试过戒烟;14.8%的患者使用过电子烟帮助戒烟;33.9%知晓戒烟门诊的途径是本医院医生的告知;61.4%决定戒烟的原因是关注自己和家人的健康。2018年戒烟门诊1个月的时点戒烟率为48.8%;44.0%的患者认为对戒烟帮助最大的关键是自己的决心;46.2%戒烟未成功患者认为,最大的阻碍是烟瘾发作。【结论】上海市戒烟门诊的开设能够帮助患者戒烟,但依然存在一些问题。针对前往戒烟门诊的患者特点,应及时找出戒烟门诊宣传上的薄弱点,例如女性、低文化水平以及务农职业的患者较少;依据患者吸烟的情况,切实提升戒烟门诊服务质量;找出戒烟门诊在提供再次戒烟服务过程中的切入点,更好地完善上海市戒烟门诊的建设工作。     

戒烟干预对吸烟者知识、态度和行为的影响

目的 评价戒烟干预对戒烟门诊求助者烟草相关知识、态度和行为(知、信、行)的影响。方法 以2008年10 月至2013 年8月解放军总医院戒烟门诊就医的未使用戒烟药物的吸烟者为研究对象,戒烟门诊医师首诊时为吸烟者进行≥30 min的面对面咨询和心理干预,之后1周、1个月、3个月和6个月时共进行4次随访电话干预(每次15～20 min).对照组为2012 年8月至2013 年8月解放军总医院健康医学中心某病区常规查体的吸烟者,基线和随访时均不进行干预。比较基线和1年随访时干预组和对照组烟草相关知、信、行的变化情况。结果 干预组和对照组分别纳入414例和213例研究对象。意向性分析显示,干预组1年随访烟草相关知、信方面共有5个变量的知晓/同意率高于基线。两组的1年随访时点戒烟率分别为4.7%和27.3%.logistic 多元回归分析显示,1年随访时戒烟率与暴露于戒烟干预、女性、尼古丁依赖评分低和烟草相关知识及态度正向变化(吸烟导致心脏病、应该禁止各种形式的烟草产品推广、吸烟浪费金钱和酒楼、饭店应该全面禁烟)共7个变量呈正相关,其OR值(95%CI)分别为2.85(2.00～4.07)、3.34(1.23～9.07)、2.78(1.64～4.72)、2.30(1.03～5.15)、5.33(1.47～19.32)、6.32(1.56～25.62)和10.47(2.25～48.84).结论 戒烟门诊求助者的烟草危害认知水平普遍较高,通过系统化戒烟干预,部分吸烟者知识及态度有了一定提高。烟草相关知识及态度的有益转变,有利于提高戒烟率。     

手机戒烟干预和网络戒烟干预的国际进展研究

提供戒烟帮助是控烟工作的重点之一。该文对国际上新显现的手机戒烟干预和网络戒烟干预的发展进行了总结,以期为我国的控烟工作提供借鉴支持。手机和网络戒烟干预方式的共同优势在于：无时间和地域性的限制,范围更广;规避了有些人不愿意面对面交流的忧虑,保护了咨询者的隐私;成本相对较低。二者在可及性、沟通效果、成本效益等方面则各有利弊。     

青少年戒烟影响因素及戒烟干预

吸烟会严重损害青少年呼吸系统和心血管系统的发育,会加速其成年后慢性病的发生。帮助青少年吸烟者戒烟对于保护青少年健康及降低未来的人群吸烟率均具有重要现实意义。虽然国外对青少年戒烟的影响因素和干预措施已有较多研究探索,但国内研究相对较少,尤其是戒烟干预尚处于起步阶段,亟需加强研究与实践。本文从个人、家庭、学校和社会等多个层面综述了国内外影响青少年戒烟的因素,梳理了现有针对青少年的戒烟干预方法,以期为后续相关研究提供参考。     

综合性医院常见心理障碍

多数疾病的发生是由诸多因素（包括生物、心理、社会环境因素）综合作用的结果,而治疗和预防也必须用多种手段来干预。     

几种吸烟干预方法的比较和戒烟心理健康效益评价

目的 比较不同干预控烟措施的效果，评价戒烟对心理健康状况的影响。方法 选择６所的男高中生进行５种干预控烟措施作用的调查，并对随机确定的３年中学的受试者使用ＳＣＬ－９０测定心理健康指数（ＧＳＬ）。结果 干预期间拒烟技巧组、女同学帮助组和社会危险认知组吸烟率均显著减少，分别下降８．１２％、７．４９％和７．９７％，措施保护率分别达到４６．４０％、３８．９１％和５０．００％。行政限制组和健康危险认知组吸烟     

简短戒烟干预研究的Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析评价简短戒烟干预的有效性.方法 计算机检索2000年1月至2014年9月中外生物医学数据库(The Cochrane Library、Medline、EMbase、中文期刊全文数据库、万方电子期刊数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库)中有关简短戒烟干预随机对照试验,采用Revman 5.1软件进行Meta分析.结果 最终纳入9篇文献,随机效应模型合并RR值(95%CI)=1.57(1.01～2.44) .与未进行干预的吸烟者相比,接受了简短戒烟干预的吸烟者,其戒烟的可能性提高了57%.研究对象为孕妇和就诊患者,干预时间≤10 min的亚组更易戒烟,但各亚组分析结果之间的差异均无统计学意义.结论 简短戒烟干预可提高戒烟率,但该结论尚需纳入更多高质量大样本的随机对照试验加以证实.     

个性化戒烟干预APP短期戒烟效果评价及影响因素分析

目的 评估吸烟者使用个性化戒烟干预APP(“帮你戒烟”)干预后的吸烟行为改变情况并探索戒烟行为影响因素,为后续该APP进行大范围推广应用提供参考。方法 采用随机对照试验设计,于2023年8—9月通过线上招募的方式招募有戒烟意愿的1 278名现在吸烟者,将其随机分成对照组(n=639)和干预组(n=639),干预组剔除未成功下载APP者后剩余517名。研究对象在线填写基线问卷,干预组研究对象使用“帮你戒烟”APP和电子自助戒烟手册进行干预,对照组仅使用电子自助戒烟手册进行干预。干预1个月后对研究对象的戒烟情况进行随访评估。采用SAS 9.4进行χ²检验和log-binomial回归分析。结果 该研究采用意向性分析将失访研究对象视为现在吸烟者,结果显示,干预1个月后干预组戒烟率(18.76%)、尝试戒烟率(57.83%)和减烟率(13.35%)均高于对照组(分别为10.49%、46.32%和6.73%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素log-binomial回归分析结果显示,干预组研究对象戒烟效果相对较好(RR=1.773,95%CI:1.336～2...     

基于SWOT分析法干预某医院职工戒烟的实践研究

目的 探讨基于SWOT分析法干预某医院职工戒烟效果的评价。方法 采用SWOT分析法,列出濮阳市某三甲医院职工戒烟SWOT分析法矩阵图,制定对应的戒烟干预方案,对有戒烟意愿的198名吸烟者进行戒烟干预,干预时间6个月,观察干预后3个月及6个月戒烟效果。结果 干预后3个月,戒烟成功率23.23%(46/198);干预后6个月,复吸率79.29%(157/198)。岗位与尼古丁依赖程度可影响戒烟效果（P<0.05）;干预后参与者对烟草相关知识知晓率均高于干预前（P<0.05）,其中“有烟瘾是一种慢性疾病”“吸细杆烟危害会变小”变化较大,分别由干预前的78.79%、81.31%提升到干预后的98.48%、98.99%;干预后戒烟成功者与未戒烟成功者生活质量变化有显著性差异,戒烟成功者健康变化评分（1.52±0.35）分,低于未戒烟成功者（3.58±0.62）分（P<0.05）,其余各维度生活质量评分均高于未戒烟成功者（P<0.05）。结论 SWOT分析法能够快速帮助项目管理人员全面、精准了解开展戒烟干预的内外部优势和劣势,精准评价戒烟不同阶段干预对象的行为依从性及行为风...     

戒烟干预模式及方法研究的国内外进展

正吸烟是当今世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一,是癌症、心血管病和呼吸系统疾病第1位可预防的死亡危险因素。2008年世界卫生组织(WHO)全球烟草流行报告指出,20世纪已有1亿人死于烟草流行,每年因烟草导致的死亡达540万人,是结核、艾滋病和疟疾的总和,而戒烟可降低患病和死亡的风险[1-3]。由于烟草依赖是一种慢性、依赖性疾病,戒烟过程中,戒断症状重、复吸率高、常常需要反复干预和多种戒烟尝试。因此,除了积极宣传吸烟危害和戒烟益处、为吸烟者提供     

天津市戒烟门诊158名就诊吸烟者戒烟状况调查

目的 了解天津市戒烟门诊就诊吸烟者的人群特点、吸烟情况、戒烟情况,为更有效的开展戒烟门诊服务提供科学依据。方法 调查前来三家戒烟门诊就诊的158名吸烟者,并于一个月后进行随访。结果 就诊吸烟者中50%(79/158)是通过医生推荐或转诊至戒烟门诊,47.5%(75/158)决定戒烟的原因是自身患病,59.5%(94/158)的人尝试过戒烟;就诊吸烟者的平均烟龄为19.5年,平均每日吸烟量为16.3支;一个月随访的应答率为86.7%(137/158),一个月随访的时点戒烟率为43.1%(59/137),未戒烟者的一个月时点减烟率为56.4%(44/78);27.0%(37/137)的人认为医生或药物对其戒烟帮助最大。结论 天津市戒烟门诊能提高吸烟者的戒烟率,但目前就诊人数较少,还应继续加大戒烟门诊的宣传力度。     

2018年中国15岁及以上现在吸烟者戒烟意愿及尝试戒烟行为研究

目的描述我国≥15岁现在吸烟者戒烟意愿及尝试戒烟行为, 探讨影响其戒烟行为的主要因素。方法研究对象为我国≥15岁现在吸烟者。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样, 在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)共抽取200个监测点, 最终完成调查19 376人。数据加权后, 使用SAS 9.4软件复杂抽样设计方法进行分析, 采用频数和加权构成比进行描述, 使用Rao-Scottχ2检验和非条件多因素logistic回归进行影响因素分析。结果 6.63%的现在吸烟者准备在1个月内戒烟, 男性为5.44%, 女性为8.49%。17.96%的现在吸烟者在过去12个月尝试过戒烟, 男性为17.80%, 女性为22.15%。多因素分析结果显示, 偶尔吸烟(OR=3.42, 95%CI:2.09～5.59)、尝试过戒烟(OR=4.91, 95%CI:0.33～0.52)以及知晓吸烟导致3种疾病(OR=2.24, 95%CI:1.48～3.40), 戒烟意愿较高。偶尔吸烟(OR=1.68, 95%CI:1.20～2.34)、接受过医务人员的戒烟建议(OR=1.96, 95%CI:1.62～2.37)、知晓吸烟导致3种疾病(...     

General practitioners' views on and referral to NHS smoking cessation services

OBJECTIVES: Increasing the rate of smoking cessation remains a major public health goal. To help achieve this in the UK, National Health Service (NHS) smoking cessation services have been established to provide treatment for smokers wanting help with stopping. Referrals from general practitioners (GPs) are crucial to the success of these clinics. This study aimed to assess English GPs' self-reported interactions with, and attitudes towards, their local smoking cessation services. STUDY DESIGN: Postal survey assessing the attitudes of GPs in England towards, and formal interactions with, NHS smoking cessation services. METHODS: A questionnaire was posted to a random sample of 544 GPs in England (response rate 63%). GPs' self-reported interactions with smoking cessation services and their attitudes towards these clinics were assessed. GPs were also asked what factors determined whether they prescribed nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT) and Buproprion (Zyban), and what was the extent and nature of their smoking cessation interventions with their patients. RESULTS: Most GPs (94%) reported that they were aware of the specialist smoking cessation service in their area. Seventy percent of GPs supported the continuation of current funding for specialist smoking cessation services. Seventy percent reported that they referred patients to these services, and 55% had staff within their practices trained as community smoking cessation advisors. Most GPs (79%) reported 'clinical need' as a determinant of whether they prescribed NRT/Zyban, and a few GPs cited 'budgetary constraints' as a factor (15%). Ninety-eight percent of GPs reported that they record smoking status when new patients join their practice, and they advise smokers to stop 'at least every now and then'. CONCLUSIONS: GPs support the existence and continuation of specialist smoking cessation services, and most reported that they refer patients to them. Virtually every GP reported that they record smoking status when new patients join their practice, and they advise smokers to stop 'at least every now and then'.     

Smoking, smoking cessation, and use of smoking cessation aids and support services in South Derbyshire, England

OBJECTIVES: To describe smoking behaviour, motivation to quit and quit rates, and the effect of advice and support for smoking cessation among smokers from more and less disadvantaged socio-economic groups in South Derbyshire, a mixed urban and rural area of central England. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a random, stratified sample of people aged 25-44 years and people aged 65-74 years with over-sampling of populations living in disadvantaged areas. Main outcome measures included the proportion of smokers wishing to quit and quitting in the last year; reported advice to quit from family and friends and health professionals; and awareness and use of NHS smoking-cessation services. RESULTS: Over half of smokers aged 25-44 years, about one-third of women smokers and 40% of male smokers aged 65-74 years wished to quit. This varied little by socio-economic status. Quit rates were generally lower among smokers of lower socio-economic status (SES), especially among people aged 25-44 years. Smokers of lower SES reported slightly less advice to quit from family and friends, and more so from health professionals. Awareness and use of cessation services was about 30% and 5%, respectively, among smokers and recent quitters. Awareness varied little but accessing services was generally higher among smokers of lower SES. CONCLUSIONS: Despite evidence that health professionals and cessation services were targeting smokers with lower SES and of similar motivation to quit, quit rates were lower. Broader tobacco control interventions targeting the social and environmental contexts that create and maintain socio-economic differentials in smoking are required.     

Online intervention engagement predicts smoking cessation

Objective. Instead of focusing on individual differences as predictors of quitting (“who they are”), this study focuses on actions (“what they do”). The purpose is to predict smoking abstinence in internet users who may become involved in social activities within the virtual community.Methods. From March, 2009, to July, 2011, users of a web-based smoking cessation program in Germany made data available for a post-hoc evaluation study (n = 13,174), including abstinence rates and online activities such as a) posting on a bulletin board after a smoke-free day, b) offering a donation, and c) posting messages throughout their course.Results. Survival analyses for 70 days of self-reported non-smoking documented higher success rates for those who made use of one or more of the virtual community activities. Moreover, the effect of making an initial bulletin board entry on 10-week abstinence was mediated by offering a donation and posting messages throughout the course (R² = 0.125). The indirect effect via donation was 0.10 (95% CI 0.06-0.14), and the indirect effect via message posting was 0.31 (95% CI 0.25-0.38).Conclusions. Virtual community activities predict smoking cessation. Shifting the focus from personality characteristics toward behavioral process variables such as intervention engagement might add more substance to smoking cessation studies.     

湖北省武汉市成人居民吸烟现状调查

目的了解武汉市成人居民吸烟和被动吸烟现状。方法采用随机整群抽样方法，选取9077名18岁及以上常住居民为调查对象，用统一调查表进行调查。结果武汉市18岁以上居民年龄标化吸烟率为25．6％，中心城区低于远城区；男性吸烟率为49．1％，女性为2．6％。年龄标化戒烟率为3．5％，其中男性为6．4％，女性为0．6％。18岁以上成人年龄标化被动吸烟率为25．9％。在所有成人吸烟人群中，平均初始吸烟年龄为22．3±7．1岁。结论武汉市成人居民的吸烟率、被动吸烟率低于2002年全国吸烟流行病学调查的全国水平，远城区居民的吸烟率和吸烟量均高于城区，城区居民戒烟率高于远城区居民。     

2015-2018年央补项目戒烟门诊患者首诊后1个月随访时戒烟率影响因素分析

目的 评估中央补助地方戒烟门诊项目实施效果,探索影响吸烟者戒烟成功的因素,以指导戒烟服务的提供和戒烟门诊工作的开展。方法 采用人群现场干预研究,由经过项目培训的医务人员,对吸烟者进行面对面访谈,完成调查问卷,并进行心理行为干预。已配备戒烟药物的医院,为患者开具相应药物。首诊1个月后开展随访干预,获得1个月随访7 d时点戒烟率。结果 1个月随访7 d时点戒烟率为34.1%。多元logistic回归结果显示, ≥60岁患病人群戒烟可能性最大;自身患病、首诊非每天吸烟、准备在30 d内戒烟、使用酒石酸伐尼克兰和盐酸安非他酮的患者,戒烟成功的可能性更大;未就业者相对于就业者更不利于戒烟;每日吸烟量越大、吸烟年限越长、晨起后第一支烟越急迫的患者,戒烟的可能性越小;是否有戒烟史对戒烟可能性没有影响。结论 从1个月随访时7 d时点戒烟率看,央补戒烟门诊项目戒烟干预有效。应加大对吸烟者的宣传,戒烟越早越有效。使用酒石酸伐尼克兰和盐酸安非他酮等药物能增加戒烟的可能性,应加强戒烟门诊有效药物的配备率。戒烟门诊医务人员帮助患者在戒烟过程中克服戒断症状很重要。     

伐尼克兰辅助戒烟治疗有效性观察

目的评价伐尼克兰辅助戒烟治疗的有效性。方法研究对象为2008年12月—2012年12月在该院戒烟门诊就诊的吸烟者,将使用伐尼克兰治疗组56例与对照组68例做对照分析,观察开始治疗后6个月时持续戒烟率。结果 56例治疗组中1例因出现严重恶心、呕吐,1例出现胸闷、心率增快停止治疗,54例接受伐尼克兰治疗2~3个月,6个月随访结束时,29.6%的吸烟者已经持续戒烟;68例对照组6个月随访结束时,吸烟者持续戒烟率为10.3%。治疗组戒烟率为对照组的2.9倍,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.36,P〈0.01）。结论伐尼克兰能显著提高戒烟率,且安全性、耐受性好。     

吸烟原因与戒烟成功关系的优势分析

目的：研究吸烟原因与戒烟成功的关系。方法采用以社区人群为基础的病例对照研究设计,以642名男性自发性戒烟成功者为病例组,700名男性自发性戒烟失败者为对照组,应用Russell吸烟原因问卷（RRSQ）调查吸烟原因。运用优势logistic回归探讨吸烟原因对戒烟成功影响的相对重要性。结果在调整了潜在混杂因素（年龄、开始吸烟年龄、婚姻、职业、教育水平）后,戒烟成功组“镇静”和“刺激”的得分显著低于戒烟失败组;优势logistic分析显示,影响戒烟成功的前两项因素依次为“镇静”和“刺激”,其次为“心理意向”、“自动”、“手口活动”、“享乐”和“瘾”。结论成瘾依赖是影响戒烟成功的最主要因素,其作用大于社会心理因素。     

Who kicks the habit and how they do it: socioeconomic differences across methods of quitting smoking in the USA

Although the prevalence of smoking has declined among US adults, an estimated 22.5% of the adult population (45.8 million adults) regularly smoked in 2002. Starting from this level, it will not be possible to achieve the Healthy People national health objectives of a reduction in the prevalence of smoking among adults to less than 12% by 2010 unless the rate of smoking cessation substantially rises from its current average of about 2.5%/year. To achieve that goal it is imperative that we better understand what factors are associated with successful quitting so that policies and resources can be better targeted. We describe the socioeconomic characteristics of smokers who attempt to and successfully quit and show how those characteristics differ across three methods they use in their cessation behavior. The results highlight socioeconomic differences across the methods smokers use and provide evidence that can be used to better target smoking cessation information and resources to smokers most likely to use particular methods. Better targeting is likely to lead to more quits. While it is unlikely that cessation rates can be raised by enough to achieve the reduction in national smoking prevalence that the Healthy People initiative has set, a better understanding of who chooses which method will move us closer to that goal.