乙苯对职业人群神经行为的影响

目的 评价乙苯对职业人群神经行为的影响.方法 选择某石化公司苯乙烯合成原料车间246名乙苯上料工为接触组,相应的公司办公人员122名作为对照组,通过问卷调查,收集乙苯职业接触的基本信息.通过WHO神经行为核心测试组合(NCTB)法,测试对象的个体神经行为功能.结果 接触组和对照组的4项消极情绪状态(紧张、抑郁、愤怒、困惑)得分之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),接触组的积极情绪状态(有力)得分(16.29±8.61)明显低于对照组(18.46±9.52),疲劳得分(9.23±1.27)明显高于对照组(7.16±1.15),(P＜0.05).接触组的平均反应时、数字广度得分明显高于对照组,手提转敏捷度、视觉记忆、目标追踪-Ⅱ正确打点数得分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).按不同的工龄分段,接触组各工龄段间视觉记忆、目标追踪-Ⅱ正确打点数得分的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),3～、4～和5～年工龄段的5项消极情绪状态(紧张、抑郁、愤怒、疲劳、困惑)得分及平均反应时得分均明显高于0～和2～年工龄段.3～、4～年工龄段的数字广度和3～、4～和5～年工龄段的手提转敏捷度、数字译码得分皆明显低于0～和2～年工龄段,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 乙苯可降低接触工人神经行为功能,工人神经行为功能在工龄为3年时发生了明显变化,工龄3年左右工人为乙苯神经行为损害的易感人群.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the influence of ethylbenzene on the neurobehavior of occupationally exposed workers. Methods The exposure group consisted of 246 workers occupationally exposed to ethylbenzene and 172 staffs from the offices served as controls. The basic information on ethylbenzene exposure was collected by the questionnaire. The nervous behavior and function of workers were evaluated by Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB). Results There were no differences of the scores for four emotional states (tension, depression, angry and bewilderment) between exposure group and control group (P＞0.05). The score of emotion (vigor) in exposure group was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05), but the fatigue score in exposure group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05).The score of mean reaction time in exposure group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05), the scores of digital span, manual dexterity, visual retention and target tracking in exposure group were significantly lower than those in control group (P＜0.05). The exposure group was divided into 5 sub-groups,according to working duration. There were no differences for the scores of visual retention and target tracking among 5 sub-groups (P＞0.05). The scores of five emotional states (tension, depression, angry, fatigue and bewilderment) in 3 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 3～, 4～ and 5～ years were significantly higher than those in 2 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 0～ and 2 ～ years (P＜0.05). The scores of digital span in 2 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 3～ or 4～ years and the scores of manual dexterity and digital symbol in 3 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 3 ～, 4～ and 5～ years were significantly lower than those in 2 subgroups exposed to ethylbenzene for 0～ and 2 ～ years (P＜0.05). Conclusion Ethylbenzene can depress the neurobehavioral functions of exposed workers. The neurobehavioral functions of workers exposed to ethylbenzene for 3 years changed significantly. The workers exposed to ethylbenzene for 3 years may be the susceptible population of neurobehavioral function impairment.     

Effects of silicotic alveolar macrophages exposed to SiO2 on the expression of type Ⅲ collagen and type Ⅲ procollagen in human lung fibroblasts

Objective To study the effects of supernatant of alveolar macrophages (AM) exposed to SiO2 on the expression of type Ⅲ collagen and type Ⅲ procollagen in human lung fibroblasts (HELF) and the intervention effects of anti-TGF-β1 antibody Methods AMs collected from a silicotic by bronchoalveolar lavage were divided into 2 parts, one part was exposed to SiO2 and other part served as control. The supernatant was obtained from AMs cultured for 18 h. HELF were divided into (1) exposure group, which was added with supernatant from AMs exposed to SiO2; (2) control group, which was added with the supernatant from AMs not exposed to SiO2; (3) blank control group, which was added with DMEM; (4) exposure group plus anti-TGF-β1antibody (10μg/ml); (5) control group plus anti-TGF-β1 antibody (10 μg/ml). (1)-(3) groups were cultured for 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48h, respectively. (4)-(5) groups were cultured for 18, 24, 36, respectively.Immunocytochemical test and Western blot assay were used to detect pC Ⅲ expression levels in HELF and C Ⅲ expression levels in the supernatant of HELF culture, respectively. Results The pC Ⅲ expression levels of exposure group were 0.1423 ±0.0107,0.1624±0.0011,0.1925 ±0.0050,0.2421 ±0.0097 and 0.2103 ±0.0103,respectively, which were significantly higher than those (0.1212±0.0079、0.1414±0.0058、0.1620±0.0081、0.1965±0.0103 、0.1715±0.0116) of control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The C Ⅲ levels of exposure group were (0.2559±0.0061、0.3249±0.0110、0.4171±0.0193、0.5441 ±0.0452、0.4751±0.0252), respectively, which were significantly higher than control group (0.2296±0.0121、0.2778±0.0116、0.3367±0.0269、0.3722±0.0214). The pC Ⅲ and C Ⅲ expression levels of exposure plus anti-TGF-β1 antibody group were significantly lower than those of control plus anti-TGF-β1 antibody group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion AMs exposed to SiO2 can induce the elevated pC Ⅲ and C Ⅲ expression levels in HELF by TGF-β 1 to some extent.     

孕期暴露苯并[a]芘对子代大鼠神经发育毒性的影响

Objective To study the effects of prenatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on the physical development, early behavioral development, the adaptability to new environment and the learning and memory ability of rat offspring. Methods Pregnant rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group,olive oil group, 3 exposure groups (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg B [a]P). The rats were exposed to B [a]P) by intraperitoneal injection on the 17th-19th days during gestation. The offspring were weighed on postnatal days (PND)1, PND 4, PND 7 and PND 28, the indices of physical development, reflective ability and sensory function were detected for offspring, the Morris water maze and Open-field tests were used to measure the ability of learning and memory and the adaptability to new environment of offspring. Results The time of ear opening in middle and high-dose groups[(4. 1 ±0.4),(5.0±0.4) d] was posterior to that in untreated and solvent groups[(3.3±0.5),(3.4±0.6) d](P＜0.01).The attainment rate (6.5%) of the surface righting reflex test in highdose group on the 4th day was significantly lower than that (36.1%) in untreated group, the attainment rate(50.0%) in high-dose group on PND7 was significantly lower than those (81.3% and 79.3%) in untreated group and solvent group (P＜0.05). Compared to the untreated group, the time of forelimb hanging test in all exposure groups on PND12 and PND14 significantly decreased; compared to the solvent group the time of forelimb hanging test decreased in high-dose group on the 14th day significantly decreased (P＜0.01). The attainment rate (61.9%) of olfactory discrimination in high-dose group on PND 12 was significantly lower than that (94.3%) in untreated group (P＜0.05). The results of morris water maze test showed that the escape latency of different dose groups significantly increased, and the time of spatial probe and the times of traversing flat in high-dose group decreased significantly, as compared to the untreated and solvent groups(P＜0.01). The results of open-field test indicated that the center retention time in middle and high-dose groups significantly prolonged, the times of crossing lattice obviously reduced, and the rearing times decreased in high-dose group,as compared to untreated(P＜0.05).Compared to the solvent group, the times of crossing lattice in all exposure groups reduced significantly(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). Conclusion The prenatal exposure to B[a]P could inhibit the physical development and early behavioral development, and influence the adaptability to new environment and learning and memory ability for offspring.     

Effects of oxidative stress and NF-κB levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells on development of silicosis

Objective To investigate the change of indicators of oxidative stress in serum and NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with silicosis, and explore the mechanism of the development of silicosis. Methods The subjects were divided into (1) 200 workers exposed to SiO2 for at least 1 years in a foundry served as the dust-exposure group; (2) 130 cases with silicosis (Ⅰ phase silicosis 64 cases, Ⅱ phase 46 cases Ⅲ phase 20 cases) served as the silicosis goup; (3) 32 cases with 0+ phase silicosis in the foundry served as the observed group,(4)100 subjects from a hotel served as the control group. The serum including superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), lipid malondialdehyde (MDA) and NF-κB protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined, respectively. Results Compared with the control group,NO levels in dust-exposed group and silicosis group significantly increased, and SOD decreased significantly (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Compared with the control group and dust-exposed group, T-AOC, NOS, MDA levels in silicosis group significantly increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). GSH-Px in dust-exposed group and silicosis group were (231.164±36.484) and (270.469±39.228)U/md, respectively which were significantly than that [(223.360±46.838) U/ml] in control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), and there was significant difference of GSHPx between the silicosis group and the dust-exposed group significantly (P＜0.01). GSH-Px level [(290.750±39.129) U/ml] in Ⅲ phase silicosis group were significantly higher than those [(256.906±21.41) and (259.594±34.79) U/ml] in observation group and Ⅰ phase silicosis group (P＜0.05). NF-κB levels [(72.06±9.12) and (85.25±11.64) ng/L] in dust-exposed group and silicosis group were significantly higher than that [(59.71±9.27) ng/L] in control group (P＜0.01), and there was significant difference of between the silicosis group and the dust-exposed group (P＜0.01). There was a positive correlation between serum GSH-Px level and the silicosis stages (r=0.507,P＜0.0l). Also there was a positive correlation between NF-κB level and silicosis stages, age, GSH-Px or NO levels (r=0.376, 0.243, 0.233, 0.221, P＜0.01). Conclusion The imbalance of oxidative and anti-oxidation system and the activation of NF-κB are related with the occurrence and development of silicosis. The monitoring of oxidative stress indicators and NF-κB is beneficial to the prediction and prognosis assessment of silicosis.     

正已烷对人体血清中髓鞘碱性蛋白的影响

目的 了解正已烷接触对人体血清中髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)的影响.方法 选取正已烷接触1年以上的工人269名作为接触组,同时选取未接触正已烷的工人104名作为对照组,测定工人尿中2,5-已二酮的含量,并依据WS/T 243-2004<职业接触正己烷的生物限值>,将含量超出和未超出生物限值的工人分为高接触组和低接触组,使用酶联免疫吸附法测定工人血清中MBP水平.结果 接触组工人尿中2,5-己二酮含量均值为(3.10±1.35)mg/L,对照组尿中2,5-已二酮含量均小于最低检出限(0.5mg/L).低接触组和高接触组工人血清中MBP表达的水平分别为(1.62±0.23)和(2.43±0.24)μg/L,明显高于对照组[(0.78±0.12)μg/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).经双变量Pearson相关分析,血清中MBP表达水平与尿中2,5-已二酮的含量呈正相关(r=0.781,P<0.01).结论 正已烷接触可导致人体血清中MBP表达水平升高,血清中MBP可作为正已烷接触的效应标志物.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of n-hexane on expression of serum myelin proteins (MBP) in workers occupationally exposed to n-hexane.Methods In this study,269 workers exposed to n-hexane for more than one year and 104 subjects not exposed to n-hexane served as the exposure group and the control group,respectively.The urinary 2,5-hexanedione levels in all subjects were detected.On the basis of urinary 2,5-hexanedione levels,the exposure group was divided into the high exposure sub-group and low exposure sub-group.The serum myelin basic protein (MBP) levels were measured by ELISA kit.Results The mean concentration of urinary 2,5-hexanedione in the exposed group was (3.10±1.35) mg/L,The concentration of urinary 2,5-hexanedione in the control group was undetectable.The levels of serum MBP in the high exposure sub-group and low exposure sub-group were (2.43±0.24) and (1.62 ±0.23) (μg/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than that (0.78±0.12) μg/L in the controls (P<0.01).Pearson correlation analysis showed the positive correlation between serum MBP levels and urinary 2,5-hexanedione levels (r =0.781,P<0.01).Conclusion The results of present study showed that the serum MBP levels of workers occupationally exposed to n-hexane significantly elevated,and the serum MBP can serve as the effective biomarker of n-hexane exposure.     

叔丁基对苯二酚对百草枯神经细胞毒性和氧化应激的拮抗作用

Objective To investigate the protective effects of the tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ)pretreatment on neurotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by paraquat (PQ) in PC12 cells. Methods Cytoyoxicity of PC12 cells was measured by MTT assay, following the PC12 cells treatment with different concentrations of 100, 300 μmol/L PQ for 24 h and 48 h. PC12 cells were pretreated with or without 40 μmol/L tBHQ for 4 h, PC 12 cells were exposed to PQ at the doses of 0, 100, 300 μmol/L for 24 h and 48 h, respectively.The viability of PC 12 cells was measured by MTT assay, the apoptosis rates of PC 12 cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of PC 12 cells were examine by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. Results When the exposure doses of PQ were 100 and 300 μmol/L for 24 h, the viability of PC 12 cells pretreated with tBHQ was significantly higher than that of PC 12 cells only exposed to PQ (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). When the exposure dose of PQ was 100μmol/L for 48 h, the viability of PC12 cells pretreated with tBHQ was significantly higher than that of PC12 cells only exposed to PQ (P＜0.01). When the exposure doses of PQ were 100 and 300 μmol/L for 24 h, the apoptosis rates and MDA levels of PC12 cells pretreated with tBHQ were significantly lower than those of PC12 cells only exposed to PQ (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Conclusions tBHQ preteatment can reduce the cytotoxicity, apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by PQ in PC12 cells.     

地塞米松预处理对大鼠光气吸入性肺损伤基质金属蛋白酶-9表达的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of dexamethasone on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in rats with acute lung injury induced by phosgene. Methods The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group that consists of the rats with air exposure, phosgene group that consists of the rats with phosgene exposure and dexamethasone group that consists of the rats with phosgene exposure after 2.5 mg/kg dexamethasone being injected. Wet and dry ratio of the lung (W/D) was calculated, and leukocyte count and total protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were recorded at 2 h after exposure. The concentrations of MMP-9 in the serum and BALF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathologic changes of lung tissues were observed under light microscopy. The immunohistochemistry and the RT-PCR were used to detect the contents of MMP-9 in the lung tissue. Results Compared with phosgene group, the lung W/D, protein content and WBC count in of BALF dexamethasone group was significantly decreased (P＜0.01). MMP-9 levels of the serum and BALF in dexamethasone group were (4.799±0.043) μg/L and (15.052±0.029) μg/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those [(9.439±0.100) and (20.640±0.446) μg/L] in phosgene group (P＜0.01). Compared with phosgene group (2.789±0.282), the expression level(1.183±0.260) of lung M MP-9 mRNA in dexamethasone group was significantly lower than that in phosgene group (P＜0.01).Histological experimental results showed the marked hyperemia and thickening of alveolar wallsand stroma cells infiltrating and more visible alveolar structure damage of alveolar walls in phosgene group while the alveolar structure and the alveolar walls were clear and slightly thickened with inflammatory cells in dexamethasone group. Immunohistochemical results showed that MMP-9 protein expression levels of lung and brochus tissues in normal control group and dexamethasone group were weakly positive, which in phosgene group were strongly positive. Conclusion Dexamethasone has a beneficial effects on acute lung injury induced by phosgene in rats due to the inhibiting MMP-9.     

次声对豚鼠凝血功能的影响

目的 研究16 Hz、120 dB,16 Hz、125 dB次声暴露后豚鼠凝血功能的变化规律,探讨次声造成生物体循环系统损害的机制.方法 将豚鼠分为对照组及16 Hz、120 dB,16 Hz、125 dB 2个暴露组,每个暴露组均按暴露时间再分成1、7、14、21 d 4个时间亚组,每个亚组8只豚鼠.各个暴露亚组每日暴露1.5 h,分别连续暴露相应的天数后抽取血样测定凝血功能相关指标及血清中一氧化氮(NO)含量.结果 16 Hz、125 dB组凝血酶原时间(PT)、国际标准化比率(INR)分别为(31.16±3.05)s和2.53±1.21,较对照组[(21.36±0.10)s、1.65±0.07]明显延长,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血清中NO含量[(88.304±52.601)μmol/L]较对照组[(30.943±26.864)μmol/L]明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).16 Hz、125 dB组暴露14 d时PT和INR较对照组明显延长,并持续至第21天.16 Hz、125 dB组暴露7 d时血清中NO含量较对照组明显升高,且第14天继续升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),21天时有下降趋势.结论 16 Hz、125 dB次声暴露后豚鼠凝血功能减退,INR及PT可做为评价次声对凝血功能影响的指标.

Abstract：

Objective To study the change of the blood coagulation function of guinea pigs exposed to 16 Hz/120 dB, 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound and to explore the mechanism of circulation system damage.Methods Seventy-two guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups: the control group, the group exposed to 16 Hz/120 dB infrasound for 1.5 h a day and the group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 1.5 h a day. Each exposure group was divided into 4 sub-groups (8 guinea pigs a sub-group) which were exposed to infrasound for 1, 7, 14 and 21 d, respectively. The coagulation function and serum nitric oxide (NO) were measured for control group and all sub-groups after exposure to infrasound. Results The prothrombin time (PT),international normalized ratio (INR) and serum NO of group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound were (31.16±3.05) s, 2.53±1.21 and (88.304±52.601)μmol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those [(21.36±0.10) s, 1.65±0.07 and (30.943±26.864) μ mol[L] of control group (P＜0.05). PT and INR of sub-groups exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 14 and 21 d were significantly higher than those of control group. NO of sub-groups exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 1 week and 2 weeks were significantly higher than that of control group (P＜0.05), but NO of sub-group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 3 weeks decreased slightly. Conclusion The blood coagulation function of guinea pigs exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound decreased, PT and INR may be used as the indexes to assess of blood coagulation function change induced by the infrasound exposure.     

1,2-二氯乙烷对淋巴细胞DNA损伤的γH2AX识别抗体流式细胞术检测

目的 探讨γH2AX识别抗体流式细胞术(FCM)检测1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCE)接触工人外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的可行性及1,2-DCE对健康人外周血淋巴细胞DNA的损伤.方法 提取某制鞋厂接触1,2-DCE的工人21例(接触组)和该厂未接触1,2-DCE的工人27例(内对照组)及某海岛非职业接触有害因素居民28例(外对照组)的外周血淋巴细胞,采用FCM法检测淋巴细胞DNA损伤情况;用不同浓度(5、10、20和30 μmol/L)的1,2-DCE分别对健康人外周血淋巴细胞体外染毒0.5、1.0 h,采用FCM法检测淋巴细胞DNA损伤情况.结果 接触组工人DNA损伤率(4.05%±2.55%)明显高于内对照组工人(1.97%±1.40%)和外对照组人群(0.23%±0.13%),内对照组明显高于外对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);接触组工人外周血淋巴细胞的几何平均荧光强度(3.33±3.01)与内对照组(2.07±0.58)比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触组不同工龄工人DNA损伤率和外周血淋巴细胞的几何平均荧光强度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).体外染毒0.5 h时,20、30μmol/L染毒组外周血淋巴细胞的几何平均荧光强度与阴性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).体外染毒1.0 h时,20、30μmol/L染毒组的DNA损伤率与阴性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),10、20、30 μmol/L染毒组外周血淋巴细胞的几何平均荧光强度与阴性对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 1,2-DCE具有遗传损伤作用,FCM法是一种检测外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的有效方法.

Abstract：

Objective To study DNA damage of human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to 1,2dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) with flow cytometry (FCM) assay. Methods The lymphocytes were obtained from 21 workers who are occupationally exposed to 1, 2-DCE (exposed group ) and 27 workers who were not exposed to 1,2-DCE in the same factory (inner control ) and 28 island residents who had never been occupationally exposed to adverse factors (external control ). FCM assay was adopted to detect DNA damage of the lymphocvtes of each group. Lymphocytes of the health people were incubated with 1 ,2 - DCE at different doses, and FCM assay was used to detect DNA damage. Results DNA damage rate (%) of the exposed group of exposed workers (4.05%±2.55%) was significantly higher than the inner control group of workers ( 1.97%± 1.40% ) and external control groups of island residents (0.23%±0.13%), and the DNA damage of inner control was higher than the external control, all the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05 ).The geometric mean fluorescence intensity of the workers in the exposed group (3.33±3.01) was significantly higher than the (2.07±0.58) only (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the DNA damage rate as well as the geometric mean fluorescence intensity among the exposed group of workers with different years of working period (P＞0.05). In vitro, the fluorescence intensity at the dose of 20,30 μmol/L for 0.5 h exposure showed statistical significance compared with the negative control group (P＜0.01). The DNA damage rate at the dose of 20, 30μmol/L for 1.0 h exposure was statistically significant compared with the negative control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01 ); The fluorescence intensity at the dose of 10,20,30 μmol/L for 1.0 h exposure was statistically significant compared with the negative control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01 ). Conclusion 1 ,2-DEC can cause DNA damage. And γH2AX FCM assay can be a sensitive, objective and effective method of detecting DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes.     

大剂量N-乙酰半胱氨酸对染尘大鼠肺组织的影响

目的 观察大剂量N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对矽肺形成过程中炎症和纤维化反应的影响.方法 将Wisar大鼠随机分为模型组、干预组、对照组,每组32只.模型组和干预组以二氧化硅结晶体诱发染尘大鼠模型,干预组以大剂量NAC进行干预.分别在染尘后的第3、7、14、28天处死8只大鼠.对大鼠肺组织进行HE染色及Masson染色,观察肺组织病理变化.用酶联免疫法(EusA)测定肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的含量.结果 NAC干预组病理观察显示,肺泡炎症和纤维化程度均较模型组明显减轻.与模型组(13.84±1.61、9.23±0.87、11.23±1.25、9.56±0.76)比较,第3、7、14、28天十预组肺脏系数(9.30±0.78、6.29±0.74、7.63±0.88、6.06±1.16)均明显降低.差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01.与对照组相比,各时间点模型组肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α和IL-8含量均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);与模型组相比,各时间点干预组的TNF-α和IL-8含量均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 早期大剂量NAC干预能够明显减轻染尘大鼠的肺组织炎症,降低肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α和IL-8含量,抑制和延缓肺纤维化的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of high-dose N-acetylcysteine on the lung tissues of rats exposed to silica. Methods Ninety-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into model group, intervention group and control group (32 rats for each group). The rats of model group and intervention group were exposed to silica by intratracheal infusion of silica dust suspension. The rats in the intervention group were orally given high dose N-acetylcysteine. In 3,7,14,28 days after exposure, eight rats in each group were sacrificed, respectively and the lung samples were collected. The pathological changes of lung were evaluated by HE and Masson staining methods. The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in the BALF were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, the alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis in the intervention group were significantly reduced. In 3,7,14,28 days after exposure, the lung/body coefficients in the intervention group were 9.30±0.78, 6.29±0.74,7.63±0.88,6.06+1.16 respectively, which were significantly lower than those (13.84±1.61,9.23±0.87, 11.23±1.25,9.56±0.76, P＜0.01 )in the model group (P＜0.01). At the different time points, the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in the BALF in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01), but were significantly lower than those in the model group (P＜0.01). Conclusion The intervention with high dose N-acetylcysteine can significantly reduce the alveolitis and the TNF-α and IL-8 levels in the BALF, therefore, inhibit and delay the development of pulmonary fibrosis of rats exposed to silicon dioxide.     

克罗米芬诱导多囊卵巢综合征排卵失败的相关因素分析

目的 探讨克罗米芬（CC）诱导多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）排卵失败的相关因素。方法 通过回顾分析178例569个周期的排卵率（OR）、排卵周期率（OCR）与临床特征及内分泌指标的关系。结果 显示本组OR73．0％,OCR45．3％,功血、无排卵月经型OCR明显高于继发性闭经型（P＜0．005,0．05）,功血型明显高于月经稀发型（P＜0．05）;无多毛、非肥胖者OR显著高于多毛和肥胖者9P＜0．01,0．005）。未婚妇女OCR高于不孕和已育者（P＜0．025,0．005）。LH／FSH≥3、T正常者OCR分别高于LH／FSH＜3和T升高者,PRL正常者OR高于PRL升高者9P＜0．05－0．025）。LH／FSH、T、BMT与OR、OCR及PRL与OR有明显相关性（P＜0．05－0．01）。提示CC诱导PCOS排卵疗效与月经类型、多毛、肥胖、婚育状态、LH／FSH、T、PRL有关。     

男性电焊作业人员体液免疫和性激素水平的调查研究

目的 分析焊工作业中锰接触对作业人员血清免疫球蛋白和性激素的影响。
方法 2016年10月以某人防工程公司96名男性焊工为焊工组, 同时选择96名男性非焊工人员作为对照组, 以全自动生化仪检测两组人员的血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG水平, 以石墨炉原子吸收法检测两组人员的尿锰水平; 以化学发光免疫分析法检测促黄体生成激素(LH)、促卵泡生成激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)、黄体酮(P)、雌二醇(E2)和泌乳素(PRL), 并对结果进行分析。
结果 焊工组尿锰水平为(1.59 ±0.67)μg/L, 高于对照组的(0.45 ±0.08)μg/L, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。焊工组的血清IgG、T和P水平低于对照组, FSH水平高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05或0.01)。焊工组的IgA与T水平呈负相关(r=-0.271, P < 0.05), IgM和E2、尿锰, 尿锰和FSH、PRL均呈正相关(r=0.209、0.220、0.487、0.250, P < 0.01)。
结论 电焊作业增加了锰接触的机会, 可能会降低作业人员的免疫能力并影响其内分泌系统。
     

双酚A与6月~2岁婴幼儿女童乳房发育的关系研究

目的 研究环境内分泌干扰物双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)与2岁以下婴幼儿女童乳房发育(permature thelarche,PT)的关系。方法 选择 6月~2岁PT 40例,正常同龄女童32例,利用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS-MS)进行血清BPA 浓度测定,同时运用化学发光法进行血清性激素浓度:卵泡刺激素(follicule-stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、泌乳素(prolactin,PRL)测定,比较两组差异及分析BPA与性激素之间相关性。结果 6月~2岁婴幼儿女童PT组血清BPA检出率及浓度均显著高于对照组(P均<0.01)。两组血清FSH,PRL浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),PT组血清E2浓度高于对照组(P<0.05),PT组血清LH浓度高于对照组(P<0.01)。两组血清BPA浓度与FSH浓度、PRL浓度无相关性(P>0.05)。血清BPA浓度与E2和LH浓度有相关性(P<0.01)。结论 6月~2岁婴幼儿女童存在BPA的暴露;BPA暴露可能是6月~2岁婴幼儿女童出现PT的原因之一。6月~2岁婴幼儿女童BPA的暴露可能影响LH及E2的分泌。     

苗族和布依族女性血清神经内分泌激素水平及影响因素比较研究

目的:探讨苗族和布依族女性血清神经内分泌激素水平,并比较影响两民族神经内分泌激素水平差异的因素。方法:2011年3月～2012年6月在贵州省黔南州中医医院治未病中心进行健康体检女性人群共359例,按民族将其分为苗族组(173例)和布依族组(186例)。采用化学发光免疫法测定两组研究对象血清中催乳素(PRL)、促黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(TST)、尿促卵泡素(TSH)及多巴胺(DA)水平。结果:苗族组女性血清TST水平明显高于布依族组,而LH、TSH及DA水平则低于布依族组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据年龄将两民族女性分为4个年龄段,两组20～29岁、30～39岁、40～49岁、50～59岁年龄段女性LH、TST、TSH及DA水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组20～29岁和30～39岁年龄段女性PRL水平比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);两组40～49岁和50～59岁年龄段女性PRL水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:苗族女性血清神经内分泌激素水平与布依族女性存在民族差异。     

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯青春前期暴露对雌性大鼠性激素水平及卵巢抗氧化系统的影响

目的研究邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)青春前期暴露对雌性大鼠性激素水平及卵巢氧化应激指标的影响。方法将40只健康3周龄SPF级雌性SD大鼠按体重随机分为5组,分别为对照(玉米油)组和0.5、5、50、500 mg/kg DEHP暴露组,每组8只。采用经口灌胃方式进行染毒,染毒容量为1 ml/kg,每天1次,连续染毒4周。测定雌性大鼠血清、睾丸氧化应激[丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]指标以及血清、海马性激素[雌二醇、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)]水平。结果与对照组相比,500 mg/kg DEHP暴露组雌性大鼠卵巢MDA、ACP水平增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);而各剂量DEHP暴露组雌性大鼠卵巢SOD、CAT和AKP的水平均未见明显变化。各剂量DEHP暴露组雌性大鼠血清MDA、SOD、CAT、ACP和AKP的水平与对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,仅0.5 mg/kg DEHP暴露组雌性大鼠海马雌二醇水平及5 mg/kg DEHP暴露组雌性大鼠血清雌二醇水平降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,仅500 mg/kg DEHP暴露组雌性大鼠血清LH水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而各剂量DEHP暴露组雌性大鼠血清FSH水平均未见明显变化。结论 DEHP青春前期暴露会导致雌性大鼠卵巢氧化应激损伤,并易引起青春期性激素分泌紊乱。     

过氯酸铵对大鼠甲状腺功能及其球蛋白和过氧化物酶mRNA表达的影响

目的 研究过氯酸铵(AP)对大鼠甲状腺功能及甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)、甲状腺过氧化物酶(TPO)基因mRNA表达的影响.方法 将雄性SD大鼠30只随机分为:正常对照组、低碘组(含碘量:50μg/kg)、AP染毒低(130 mg/kg)、中(260 mg/kg)、高剂量组(520 mg/kg)及AP+高碘组[AP:520 mg/kg,高碘饮水(10 mg/L)],每组5只.经口染毒90 d后处死,放射免疫法测定血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)及促甲状腺激素(TSH)的水平;荧光定量PCR法测定甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)、甲状腺过氧化物酶(TPO)基因mRNA表达水平.结果 AP中剂量和AP高剂量组FT4水平[(9.540±1.327)fmol/ml,(6.509±1.949)fmol/ml)明显低于正常对照组[(13.505±1.276)fmol/ml],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).AP高剂量组的TSH水平[(1.227±0.295)mIU/L]明显高于正常对照组[(0.545±0.282)mIU/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各AP剂量组Tg的mRNA表达相对值均明显低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),AP高剂量组TPO基因mRNA表达相对值明显低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 AP可降低大鼠FT3、FT4水平,引起TSH反馈性增高,并明显抑制Tg和TPO基因mRNA的表达;而高碘可以在一定程度上拮抗AP对大鼠甲状腺的毒作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of ammonium perchlorate (AP) on thyroid functions and mRNA expression levels of thyroglobulin(Tg) and thyroperoxidase (TPO) genes of rats. Methods Thirty SD male rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, iodine-deficient group, low dose AP group ( 130 mg/kg), moderate dose AP group (260 mg/kg), high dose AP group (520 mg/kg) and high iodinecombined group. After the rats were exposed orally for 90 days, serum free-thyroxine (FT4), freetriiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured using radioimmunoassays.mRNA expression levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroperoxidase (TPO) genes were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Results Serum FT4 levels in moderate dose AP group and high dose AP group were [(9.540±1.327) fmol/ml] and [(6.509±1.949) fmol/ml] respectively, which were significantly lower than that [ (13.505 ±1.276 ) fmol/ml] in control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Serum TSH level in high dose AP group was [(1.227±0.295) mIU/L], which was significantly higher than that [(0.545±0.282) mIU/L] in control group (P＜0.05). The mRNA expression levels of thyroglobulin (Tg)gene in all groups exposed to AP were significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.01). The mRNA expression level of thyroperoxidase (TPO)gene in high dose AP group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion AP can reduce the serum FT3 and FT4levels of rats, increase the serum TSH level of rats and decrease obviously the mRNA expression levels of Tg and TPO genes. In addition, high iodine can reduce the toxic effects of AP on thyroid gland of rats to some extent.     

苯作业者血清中性激素和白细胞测定的临床意义

目的探讨苯对作业者血清中性激素及血白细胞的影响。方法采用GC-911型γ-放射免疫计数器测定苯作业者血清性激素,采用贝克曼库尔特HMX五分血球计数仪检测血白细胞水平,并与同条件下未与苯接触的健康者的检测结果比较。结果苯作业组女性促黄体生成激素(LH)、孕酮(P)、雌2醇(E2)分泌量均低于对照组,促卵泡激素(FSH)和泌乳素(PRL)与对照组非常接近,睾酮(T)含量明显高于正常对照组(P0.01);部分男性苯作业者血清性激素水平异常;苯作业者血白细胞值均低于正常对照组。结论苯对作业者的血清中性激素及血白细胞水平均有影响。在工作中应定期体检,做好防护,尽量减少与有害物的接触。     

过氯酸铵对雄性大鼠甲状腺功能及睾丸的影响

目的 研究过氯酸铵(ammonium perchlorate,AP)对雄性大鼠甲状腺激素及睾丸的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠20只,随机分为对照组、AP低、中、高剂量组,染毒剂量分别为0、130、260、520mg·kg-1·d-1,以大鼠限量饮水方式连续染毒80 d.检测大鼠血清中甲状腺激素、血清睾酮(T)水平、精子活力,并观察睾丸组织的病理变化.结果 AP染毒3周至80 d,中、高剂量组大鼠体重增长明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),各组大鼠甲状腺湿重及甲状腺脏器系数均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).高剂量组大鼠睾丸脏器系数明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).各剂量组游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平随染毒剂量的增加均明显降低,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)水平无明显变化.中、高剂量组促甲状腺激素(TSH)均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).中、高剂量组A、B级精子百分比[A∶(12.3%±2.52%)、(14.8%±5.93%),B∶(17.7%±4.63%)、(15.8%±2.28%)]明显低于对照组(27.8%±8.70%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而D级精子百分比随染毒剂量的增加而逐渐增加,中、高剂量组D级精子百分比[(38.0%±3.61%),(40.0%±8.99%)]明显高于对照组(17.0%±5.00%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).各组大鼠血清中血清T水平没有明显改变.结论 AP可对大鼠甲状腺激素水平产生影响,能引起FT4下降;对雄性生殖系统的毒作用主要是使精子活力发生减退性改变.     

超宽带电磁辐射对大鼠垂体和睾丸超微结构及性激素水平的影响

目的 观察超宽带(ultra-wideband,UWB)电磁辐射对大鼠垂体和睾丸超微结构以及血清中性激素水平的影响。方法 将SD雄性大鼠随机分为辐照组和对照组。辐照组大鼠接受脉冲数为30万次的UWB辐照,并于辐照后6、12、24、48 h,应用透射电子显微镜观察垂体及睾丸超微结构的改变,放射免疫法检测大鼠血清中睾酮(T)、黄体生成素(LH)及促卵泡激素(FSH)水平。结果 在辐照后各时间点,大鼠垂体和睾丸均出现不同程度的损伤。在辐照后24h,垂体和睾丸损伤程度最重。垂体嗜碱细胞内质网扩张,胞浆中有空泡,出现脂滴,淋巴细胞渗出,染色质边集;睾丸组织中,精原细胞、支持细胞和间质细胞均出现染色质边集、内质网扩张,毛细血管内皮细胞线粒体肿胀、空泡化,淋巴细胞渗出。辐照组血清中T水平在辐照后24、48 h分别为(1209.7±115.7)、(1340.5±331.1)μg/L,明显低于相应对照组f分别为(2721.8±178.9)、(2820.9±321.4) μg/L],差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而LH和FSH均未发生明显改变。结论 UWB电磁辐射可导致大鼠垂体和睾丸超微结构发生变化,对大鼠血清中T含量有一定程度的影响,可能是UWB辐照引起大鼠生殖系统发生改变的原因之一。     

口服避孕药拮抗雷公藤多甙致SD大鼠性腺毒性作用的研究

目的：研究口服避孕药达英-35拮抗雷公藤多甙致SD大鼠性腺毒性作用的效果。方法：将具有正常动情周期的40只雌性SD大鼠随机分为4组：雷公藤多甙组（TWP组）、口服避孕药组（OCs组）、雷公藤多甙配伍口服避孕药组（TWP+OCs组）、空白对照组,用药10周后每日行阴道脱落细胞涂片,停药3周后处死大鼠,取腹腔动脉血用酶联免疫法测定血清雌二醇（E2）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成激素（LH）水平,取子宫、卵巢称湿质量,显微镜下观察子宫、卵巢的组织形态学变化及卵泡计数。结果：OCs组、TWP+OCs组与空白对照组相比较,大鼠动情周期,E2、FSH和LH水平,子宫和卵巢指数,子宫内膜和肌层厚度,卵泡和黄体计数,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。而TWP组大鼠大多动情周期不完整或延长,血清E2（40.417 4±4.937 2）ng/L,明显低于其余3组（P＜0.01）;FSH（1.063 4±0.153 9）IU/L、LH（5.946 7±1.036 0）IU/L,明显高于其余3组（P＜0.01）;大鼠卵巢和子宫指数分别为0.048 7%±0.009 7%和0.147 0%±0.004 7%,子宫内膜和肌层厚度分别为（57.20±1.81）μm和（24.40±1.84）μm,明显低于其余3组（P＜0.051）;大鼠生长卵泡（22.50±2.55）个、成熟卵泡（2.00±1.89）个,明显少于其余3组（P＜0.05）,但原始卵泡（36.50±2.64）个,与其余3组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：配伍口服避孕药达英-35可减少雷公藤多甙对雌性SD大鼠性腺的损伤,对卵巢功能具有一定的保护作用。