老年人贫血及营养状况分析

Objective To observe the incidence rate of anaemia and analyze the nutritional situation in the elderly population.Methods From April to August 2010,a total of 2052 elderly persons from out-department of Tianjin First Center Hospital were divided into four age groups:65-69years group (n=528),70-74 years group (n=593),75-79 years group (n=423) and 80 years and over group (n= 508).The body mass index (BMI),haemoglobin (Hb),mean corpuscular volume (MCV),triglyceride (TG),creatinine (Cr),serum albumin (ALB) and ferritin (Fer) were tested and evaluated using K-W test.Results (1) Anaemia was found in 90 subjects (4.4 %),4.0% in men and 6.l% in women,9.5% in 80 years and over group.The subjects with Hb level less than 90g/L were all 80 years and over.(2)There were significant differences among the groups in BMI,TG,Cr,ALB,Hb,MCV and Fer levels (all P＜0.01).There were significant differences among four groups in Hb and ALB levels (P＜0.01 ),and partially differences in TG, Cr and MCV levels (P＜0.05).(3)The Hb level was significantly correlated with TG, ALB, Fer and MCV levels (r=0.115,0.211, 0.114 and 0.089, all P＜0.01 ) from Pearson analysis.Conclusions Anemia incidence in elderly population is increased along with aging and is higher in women than in men, especially higher in 80 years and over group.Nutritional situation gets worse with aging.     

老年人贫血及营养状况分析

Objective To observe the incidence rate of anaemia and analyze the nutritional situation in the elderly population.Methods From April to August 2010,a total of 2052 elderly persons from out-department of Tianjin First Center Hospital were divided into four age groups:65-69years group (n=528),70-74 years group (n=593),75-79 years group (n=423) and 80 years and over group (n= 508).The body mass index (BMI),haemoglobin (Hb),mean corpuscular volume (MCV),triglyceride (TG),creatinine (Cr),serum albumin (ALB) and ferritin (Fer) were tested and evaluated using K-W test.Results (1) Anaemia was found in 90 subjects (4.4 %),4.0% in men and 6.l% in women,9.5% in 80 years and over group.The subjects with Hb level less than 90g/L were all 80 years and over.(2)There were significant differences among the groups in BMI,TG,Cr,ALB,Hb,MCV and Fer levels (all P＜0.01).There were significant differences among four groups in Hb and ALB levels (P＜0.01 ),and partially differences in TG, Cr and MCV levels (P＜0.05).(3)The Hb level was significantly correlated with TG, ALB, Fer and MCV levels (r=0.115,0.211, 0.114 and 0.089, all P＜0.01 ) from Pearson analysis.Conclusions Anemia incidence in elderly population is increased along with aging and is higher in women than in men, especially higher in 80 years and over group.Nutritional situation gets worse with aging.     

健康高龄老年人甲状腺激素水平变化趋势分析

Objective To explore the variation tendency of serum thyroid hormone level in the elderly aged over 80 years.Methods The 602 healthy volunteers were divided into 3 groups by age:young group (20-59 years of age,n= 226),elderly group (60-79 years of age,n= 195),and advanced age group (80-102 years of age,n=181).Fasting blood of all persons was harvested,then the levels of serum total triiodothyroxine (TT3),total thyroxine (TT4),free tri-iodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and reverse tri-iodothyronine (rT3) were determined by chemistry luminescence technique and radioimmunoassay.Statistical analysis was made by the software SPSS 13.0.Results The levels of serum FT3 and TT3 were lower in elderly group than in young group (t=2.793,3.627,P=0.005,0.000).There were significant differences in the levels of serum TT3,TT4,FT3,TSH and rT3 between young group and advanced-age group (t =10.930,6.065,15.398,- 2.933,- 5.643,all P = 0.000),also between elderly group and advanced-age group (t= 8.382,4.298,11.573,-3.383,-5.148,all P＜0.001).The levels of serum FT3,TT3 and TT4 were negatively correlated with age (r=- 0.51,-0.39 and -0.25,respectively,all P＜0.01).And the levels of serum rT3 and TSH showed positive relationships with age (r=0.32,0.12,all P＜0.01).There were no relationships between the level of serum FT4 and age.The positive rate of serum TT3,TT4,FT3,FT4,TSH and rT3 concentration beyond the reference value was 0,0,13.8%,0,6.6% and 21% in advanced-age group,respectively.Conclusions The levels of serum thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone change with age.The levels of FT3,rT3 and TSH change obviously in the elderly aged over 80 years.It could reduce the false positive rate in clinical practice if normal reference range for serum thyroid hormone levels in different aged elderly is established.     

健康高龄老年人甲状腺激素水平变化趋势分析

Objective To explore the variation tendency of serum thyroid hormone level in the elderly aged over 80 years.Methods The 602 healthy volunteers were divided into 3 groups by age:young group (20-59 years of age,n= 226),elderly group (60-79 years of age,n= 195),and advanced age group (80-102 years of age,n=181).Fasting blood of all persons was harvested,then the levels of serum total triiodothyroxine (TT3),total thyroxine (TT4),free tri-iodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and reverse tri-iodothyronine (rT3) were determined by chemistry luminescence technique and radioimmunoassay.Statistical analysis was made by the software SPSS 13.0.Results The levels of serum FT3 and TT3 were lower in elderly group than in young group (t=2.793,3.627,P=0.005,0.000).There were significant differences in the levels of serum TT3,TT4,FT3,TSH and rT3 between young group and advanced-age group (t =10.930,6.065,15.398,- 2.933,- 5.643,all P = 0.000),also between elderly group and advanced-age group (t= 8.382,4.298,11.573,-3.383,-5.148,all P＜0.001).The levels of serum FT3,TT3 and TT4 were negatively correlated with age (r=- 0.51,-0.39 and -0.25,respectively,all P＜0.01).And the levels of serum rT3 and TSH showed positive relationships with age (r=0.32,0.12,all P＜0.01).There were no relationships between the level of serum FT4 and age.The positive rate of serum TT3,TT4,FT3,FT4,TSH and rT3 concentration beyond the reference value was 0,0,13.8%,0,6.6% and 21% in advanced-age group,respectively.Conclusions The levels of serum thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone change with age.The levels of FT3,rT3 and TSH change obviously in the elderly aged over 80 years.It could reduce the false positive rate in clinical practice if normal reference range for serum thyroid hormone levels in different aged elderly is established.     

健康高龄老年人甲状腺激素水平变化趋势分析

目的 探讨80岁以上高龄老年人甲状腺激素水平变化趋势.方法 将602例健康志愿者按年龄分为中青年组(20～59岁)226例、老年组(60～79岁)195例和高龄组(80～102岁)181例,采用化学发光法及放射免疫法测定志愿者血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、甲状腺素(TT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、反T3(rT3)水平,并以SPSS 13.0进行统计分析.结果 老年组与中青年组比较,血清FT3和TT3降低,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.793和3.627,均为P＜0.01);高龄组与中青年组比较,TT3、TT4、FT3、TSH、rT3浓度差异有统计学意义(t值分别为10.930、6.065、15.398、-2.933、-5.643,均为P＜0.01);老年组与高龄组比较,TT3、TT4、FT3、TSH、rT3浓度差异有统计学意义(t值分别为8.382、4.298、11.573、-3.383、-5.148,均为P＜0.01).FT3、TT3、TT4浓度与年龄呈负相关(r值分别为-0.51、-0.39、-0.25,P＜0.01),rT3、TSH浓度与年龄呈正相关(r值分别为0.32、0.12,P＜0.01),FT4与年龄无相关.高龄组高于或低于临床正常参考值范围的阳性发生率,在TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH、rT3中分别为0、0、13.8%、0、6.6%、21%.结论 随着年龄增长,老年人血清甲状腺激素水平及促甲状腺激素均有改变,特别是80岁及以上高龄老年人,血清FT3、rT3、TSH变化更为明显,建议临床设立老年人不同年龄段的血清甲状腺激素正常参考值范围,以减少假阳性的发生率.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the variation tendency of serum thyroid hormone level in the elderly aged over 80 years.Methods The 602 healthy volunteers were divided into 3 groups by age:young group (20-59 years of age,n= 226),elderly group (60-79 years of age,n= 195),and advanced age group (80-102 years of age,n=181).Fasting blood of all persons was harvested,then the levels of serum total triiodothyroxine (TT3),total thyroxine (TT4),free tri-iodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and reverse tri-iodothyronine (rT3) were determined by chemistry luminescence technique and radioimmunoassay.Statistical analysis was made by the software SPSS 13.0.Results The levels of serum FT3 and TT3 were lower in elderly group than in young group (t=2.793,3.627,P=0.005,0.000).There were significant differences in the levels of serum TT3,TT4,FT3,TSH and rT3 between young group and advanced-age group (t =10.930,6.065,15.398,- 2.933,- 5.643,all P = 0.000),also between elderly group and advanced-age group (t= 8.382,4.298,11.573,-3.383,-5.148,all P＜0.001).The levels of serum FT3,TT3 and TT4 were negatively correlated with age (r=- 0.51,-0.39 and -0.25,respectively,all P＜0.01).And the levels of serum rT3 and TSH showed positive relationships with age (r=0.32,0.12,all P＜0.01).There were no relationships between the level of serum FT4 and age.The positive rate of serum TT3,TT4,FT3,FT4,TSH and rT3 concentration beyond the reference value was 0,0,13.8%,0,6.6% and 21% in advanced-age group,respectively.Conclusions The levels of serum thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone change with age.The levels of FT3,rT3 and TSH change obviously in the elderly aged over 80 years.It could reduce the false positive rate in clinical practice if normal reference range for serum thyroid hormone levels in different aged elderly is established.     

老年人血镁水平降低与血糖代谢异常的关系

Objective To explore the relationship between serum magnesium (Mg) levels and glucose metabolism disorders in the elderly.Methods The data of health examination of 126 elderly people were collected in our hospital.There were 50 patients with type 2 diabetes,35 patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and 41 people with normal glucose.The clinical data of the three groups were compared and analyzed.Results (1)There were no significant differences in age,body mass index (BMI) and blood lipid level among the three groups.The mean serum Mg level was lower in normal glucose group [(0.84±0.1) mmol/L] than in diabetic group [(0.75±0.11) mmol/L,P＜0.01] and IGR group [(0.78±0.12) mmol/L,P＜0.05].(2)The prevalence of hypomagnesemia was higher in diabetic group and IGR group than in normal glucose group (24%,28.6% vs.7.3%,P＜ 0.01 ).(3)The correlation study showed that the serum magnesium level was negatively associated with fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c (r= - 0.343,- 0.271,P＜0.01 ),but not associated with age and BMI.Conclusions The low serum magnesium level is associated with glucose metabolism disorders in the elderly.     

老年人血镁水平降低与血糖代谢异常的关系

Objective To explore the relationship between serum magnesium (Mg) levels and glucose metabolism disorders in the elderly.Methods The data of health examination of 126 elderly people were collected in our hospital.There were 50 patients with type 2 diabetes,35 patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and 41 people with normal glucose.The clinical data of the three groups were compared and analyzed.Results (1)There were no significant differences in age,body mass index (BMI) and blood lipid level among the three groups.The mean serum Mg level was lower in normal glucose group [(0.84±0.1) mmol/L] than in diabetic group [(0.75±0.11) mmol/L,P＜0.01] and IGR group [(0.78±0.12) mmol/L,P＜0.05].(2)The prevalence of hypomagnesemia was higher in diabetic group and IGR group than in normal glucose group (24%,28.6% vs.7.3%,P＜ 0.01 ).(3)The correlation study showed that the serum magnesium level was negatively associated with fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c (r= - 0.343,- 0.271,P＜0.01 ),but not associated with age and BMI.Conclusions The low serum magnesium level is associated with glucose metabolism disorders in the elderly.     

老年胃食管反流病患者临床特征分析

Objective To analyze clinical characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) in aged patients for improvement of diagnosis and treatemcnt. Methods The reflux disease questionnaire was performed in patients diagnosed as GERD based on Montreal definition and classification as well as Rome Ⅲ criteria.All patients were divided into elderly group (≥65 years) and control group(＜65 years). The incidence of hita[ hernia (HH), the frequencies of esophagitis (based on Los Angeles classification), clinical features, and quality of life were compared between two groups. Results There was no difference between two groups in male/female ratio and morbidity of HH(P＞0.05). In comparison with control group, the frequency of esophagitis graded as LC or LD increased and extra-esophageal symptoms were higher in elderly group (P＜ 0.05), but the lower typical symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) were seen in the elderly group(P＜0.05). The scores of role physical, bodily pain and role emotional were higher in elderly group than those in control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant differences between two groups in physical function, vitality,social functioning, mental health, and general health. Conclusion The elderly GERD patients often have lower score of typical reflux symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) and high incidence of severer esophagitis, but their quality of life is not significantly influenced.     

老年胃食管反流病患者临床特征分析

Objective To analyze clinical characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) in aged patients for improvement of diagnosis and treatemcnt. Methods The reflux disease questionnaire was performed in patients diagnosed as GERD based on Montreal definition and classification as well as Rome Ⅲ criteria.All patients were divided into elderly group (≥65 years) and control group(＜65 years). The incidence of hita[ hernia (HH), the frequencies of esophagitis (based on Los Angeles classification), clinical features, and quality of life were compared between two groups. Results There was no difference between two groups in male/female ratio and morbidity of HH(P＞0.05). In comparison with control group, the frequency of esophagitis graded as LC or LD increased and extra-esophageal symptoms were higher in elderly group (P＜ 0.05), but the lower typical symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) were seen in the elderly group(P＜0.05). The scores of role physical, bodily pain and role emotional were higher in elderly group than those in control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant differences between two groups in physical function, vitality,social functioning, mental health, and general health. Conclusion The elderly GERD patients often have lower score of typical reflux symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) and high incidence of severer esophagitis, but their quality of life is not significantly influenced.     

80岁及以上高血压患者血压与心脑事件和季节性变化研究

目的 观察80岁及以上老年高血压患者血压和心脑血管事件的季节性变化. 方法监测67例年龄80～92岁的高血压患者2年间的家庭自测血压、诊室测血压和每季度1次的24 h时动态血压,记录期间发生的心脑血管事件. 结果高血压患者夏季的收缩压、舒张压最低(P＜0.01).冬季的收缩压最高(P＜0.01),冬季舒张压高于夏季(P＜0.01).春季和秋季的收缩压、舒张压差异无统计学意义.心脑血管事件的发病率在夏季和冬季明显高于春季和秋季(P＜0.05).发生心血管事件的相关因素为:季节(OR=1.525,P=0.001)、体质指数(OR=1.145,P=0.018)、心功能(OR=2.037,P=0.01),发生缺血性脑血管事件的相关因素为季节(OR=1. 604,P=0.001)、脑血管病史(OR=1.598,P=0.034)、诊室测收缩压(OR=0.960,P=0.013)、动态血压的舒张压(OR=0.936,P=0.008). 结论 80岁及以上老人通过3种方式测得的血压结果显示,夏季的收缩压、舒张压为全年最低;冬季的收缩压全年最高,舒张压高于夏季;春季和秋季的血压水平无明显差异.心脑血管事件的发生率在冬季和夏季明显高于春季和秋季.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of seasonal variation of blood pressure (BP) on the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the elderly aged 80 years and over.Methods The 67 patients (aged 80-86 years) with essential hypertension were enrolled, the BP were measured at home, in consulting room, and by 24-h ambulatory BP monitor in every season for 2 years. The incidences of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were recorded in the meantime.Results Both systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were lower in summer than in any other season (P＜0. 01 ). SBP was higher in winter than in any other season. (P＜0.01), DBP was higher in winter than in summer(P＜0. 01). There were no significant differences in SBP and DBP between spring and autumn. The incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were higher in winter and summer than in spring and autumn (P＜0.05). The season (OR= 1. 525, P=0. 001), BMI (OR =1.145, P=0.018) and heart function (OR= 2. 037, P=0.01) were related to the incidence of cardiovascular events. And the season (OR = 1. 604, P= 0. 001 ), history of cerebrovascular disease (OR= 1. 598, P=0. 034), office-measured SBP (OR=0.960, P=0.013) and ambulatory DBP (OR =0. 936, P = 0. 008) were related to the incidence of cerebrovascular events.Conclusions The blood pressure measured by three methods in the elderly aged 80 and over shows that both SBP and DBP are at the lowest in summer; SBP is at the highest in winter, DBP is higher in winter than in summer. There are no significant differences in BP between spring and autumn. The incidences of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events are significantly higher in winter and summer than in spring and autumn.     

肠内营养在高龄多器官功能障碍综合征患者中的应用

目的 探讨不同途径营养支持治疗对高龄多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者脏器功能恢复及预后的影响.方法 将确诊为MODS高龄患者85例随机分组为2组,肠内营养组43例,通过鼻饲管或内镜下经皮胃/肠造瘘术(PEG/PEJ)给予营养支持,全胃肠外营养组(对照组)42例,经中心静脉治疗,总疗程至少2个月;比较两组患者治疗前后体质指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(Hb)、肝肾功能、电解质、血糖、血脂、血清白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(TRF)及前白蛋白(PA)、免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+,CD4+、CD4+/CD8+)等指标.结果 在摄入同等热量和氮量的条件下,两组患者血Hb、BMI、血清ALB、TRF及PA水平在营养支持治疗后第1个月(t1EN=2.672、2.440、2.209、3.331和5.025,t1TPN=2.720、2.337、2.179、3.418和2.221)、第2个月(t2EN =2.279、3.021、2.337、3.005和5.779,t2TPN=2.118、2.956、3.018、3.310和2.119)较治疗前均有明显改善(均为P＜0.05),肠内营养组PA水平较对照组变化更明显(t=2.336,P＜0.05).对照组治疗后第1、2个月都出现高脂血症(t1TPN=3.609,P＜0.05;t2TPN =3.114,P＜0.05).肠内营养组治疗第1、2个月后血IgG、IgA较治疗前均明显升高(t1 EN=2.664、2.437,P＜0.05;t2 EN=2.983、3.005,P＜0.05),血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平在治疗2个月后改变明显(t=2.399、3.478、2.579和3.995,P＜0.05),IgM于治疗后第2个月有明显升高(t=3.886,P＜0.05).肠内营养组中34例PEG/PEJ术前反复发生吸入性肺炎,术后2个月内仅发生5例(x2=51.12,P＜0.05);术后2个月反流性食管炎发生率减少、严重程度较术前明显减轻(x2=13.53,P＜0.05).结论 及时、充分的胃肠内营养支持治疗,可有效改善高龄MODS患者全身状况及营养;PEG/PEJ术可减少因鼻饲管引发的吸入性肺炎和反流性食管炎的发生.     

4784例老年男性血脂分布的特点及与体质指数关系的研究

目的 了解老年男性血脂分布的规律及与体质指数(BMI)的关系,从血脂紊乱的角度探讨老年男性的体质量控制问题.方法 对4784例老年男性体检者进行调查并测定血脂水平,按年龄分为60～69岁组、70～79岁组和80～96岁组,按BMI水平分为低体质量组(BMI<18.5 kg/m2),正常体质量组(BMI:18.5～23.9 kg/m2),超质量组(BMI:24.0～27.9 kg/m2),肥胖组(BMI≥28.0 kg/m2).结果 4784例老年男性总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)分别为(5.1±0.9)mmol/L、(3.0±0.8)mmol/L、(1.5±1.0)rmmol/L、(1.3±0.3)mmol/L,血脂异常的检出率为44.8%(2141例),其中TC、TG、HDL-C异常的检出率分别为10.4%(497例)、9.3%(445例)、29.8%(1425例)和19.4%(928例).不同年龄组随增龄TG水平降低,HDL-C水平升高(均P<0.01),80～96岁组的TC和LDL-C水平有降低趋势(P<0.05).老年男性超体质量占46.8%(2239例),肥胖占15.5%(740例).随BMI水平的升高,TG水平亦升高,而HDL-C则随BMI升高降低,不同体质量组TC和LDL-C比较差异无统计学意义.80～96岁组亦以高TG和低HDL-C为主要类型的血脂异常,其血脂分布特点与70～79岁组相似.80～96岁组肥胖和超体质量的检出率最低,分别为44.6%(228例)和11.9%(61例).结论 老年男性血脂异常以高TG和低HDL-C为主,TC升高的检出率高于2002年全国普查的结果;超体质量、肥胖的检出率接近发达国家水平;老年男性随增龄TC和LDL-C水平下降,而HDL-C水平有上升趋势.     

老年高血压病并发非酒精性脂肪肝的相关影响因素

目的:探讨老年原发性高血压(EH)并发非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的相关影响因素。方法:将90例老年高血压病患者分成2组,NAFLD组40例,非NAFLD组50例,比较两组间体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血肌酐(Cr)和空腹血糖(FPG)的差异,并进行Logistic回归分析。结果:NAFLD组与非NAFLD组在BMI(26.8±2.3与22.6±2.4,P0.01)、WHR(0.96±0.03与0.91±0.04,P0.01)、TG[(2.6±0.4)mmol/L与(2.0±0.5)mmol/L,P0.01]、HDL-C[(1.5±0.3)mmol/L与(1.7±0.4)mmol/L,P0.01]、ALT[(31±8)mmol/L与(26±7)mmol/L,P0.05]、AST[(28±7)mmol/L与(24±7)mmol/L,P0.05]、FPG[(5.2±0.8)mmol/L与(4.8±0.7)mmol/L,P0.01]的差异有统计学意义,Logistic回归分析显示BMI(P0.01)、WHR(P0.01)和TG(P0.01)是高血压病并发NAFLD的独立影响因素。结论:BMI、WHR和TG是高血压并发NAFLD的独立危险因素。     

老年男性非酒精性脂肪肝患者腹部脂肪面积及血清脂联素和瘦素水平的变化

目的 研究老年男性非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)患者腹部脂肪面积及血清脂联素和瘦素水平的变化.方法 选择238名年龄≥60岁的老年男性,应用B超诊断脂肪肝,依据病史排除酒精性及病毒性脂肪肝.分为3组:脂肪肝组76例,年龄、体重指数与脂肪肝组匹配的非脂肪肝组77名(肥胖组),非肥胖非脂肪肝组85名(对照组).采用放射免疫法测定血清脂联素、瘦素水平;采用CT扫描测定腹部内脏脂肪面积.组间比较采用方差分析.结果 (1)脂肪肝组与肥胖组的体重指数、腹部皮下、内脏、总脂肪面积分别为(26.87±2.62)kg/m2与(26.63±1.97)kg/m2、(166.59±54.27)cm2与(147.89±50.14)cm2、(148.94±53.72)cm2与(150.06±45.47)cm2、(315.25±89.42)cm2与(297.93±75.12)cm2,均高于对照组(P＜0.01).脂肪肝组的腹部皮下脂肪面积高于肥胖组(P＜0.05),而两者的腹部内脏及总脂肪面积差异无统计学意义.(2)脂肪肝组与肥胖组间的瘦素水平差异无统计学意义,但均高于对照组.NAFLD组的脂联素水平明显低于肥胖组[(6.31±3.31)μg/ml对比(9.87±7.07)μg/ml,P＜0.01],也明显低于对照组[(6.31±3.31)μg/ml对比(11.05±7.19)μg/ml,P＜0.01];肥胖组与对照组间脂联素水平差异无统计学意义.(3)非酒精性脂肪肝的高危因素包括天冬氨酸转氨酶、甘油三酯、腹部内脏及皮下脂肪面积.血脂联素水平是非酒精性脂肪肝的保护性因素.结论 老年男性非酒精性脂肪肝患者的特征是腹型肥胖,瘦素水平高,脂联素水平低.其中脂联素水平的下降在其中起关键作用.     

血红蛋白和血清白蛋白评估老年慢性心力衰竭长期预后的价值

目的 探讨血红蛋白（Hb）和血清白蛋白（ALB）对老年慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者长期预后的评估价值。 方法 收集2018年2月至2019年4月我院收治的老年CHF患者200例,对患者的Hb和ALB水平进行检测。对出院后的患者进行3年的随访,依据随访患者预后分为存活组（n=142）和死亡组(n=58),比较两组患者的临床数据。进行单因素和多因素分析明确患者死亡的独立危险因素,通过受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）确定Hb与ALB水平的截断点,依据患者预后的独立危险因素建立列线图预测模型并验证。 结果 与存活组比较,死亡组既往心肌梗死比例显著升高（P<0.05）;超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、氨基末端脑钠尿肽前体（NT-proBNP）及心肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）显著升高（P<0.05）,血清Hb、ALB水平及左室射血分数（LVEF）显著降低（P<0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析发现:心肌梗死、血清hs-CRP升高、血清NT-proBNP升高、血清Hb降低、血清ALB降低及LVEF降低为患者死亡的独立危险因素。Hb预测患者死亡的ROC曲线下面积为0.753,截断点为117.8g/L,其灵敏度为72%,特异度75%;ALB预测患者死亡的ROC曲线下面积为0.878,截断点为34.70 g/L,其灵敏度为86%,特异度为79%。依据预后独立危险因素构建列线图模型,其一致性指数（C-index）为0.768（95%CI:0.716~0.820）,ROC曲线下面积为0.840（95%CI:0.791~0.889）,具有较好的区分度;Calibration曲线评价结果提示该模型具有较好的一致性。 结论 低Hb及ALB水平是老年CHF患者预后的独立危险因素,对该类患者的预后具有较好的预测价值。     

普罗布考对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏硫氧还蛋白系统表达的影响

目的 观察硫氧还蛋白系统在2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织的表达及早期普罗布考干预对硫氧还蛋白系统表达的影响.方法 将30只雄性SD大鼠分为正常对照组(C组)、糖尿病组(D组)、糖尿病普罗布考治疗组(P组),普罗布考干预8周后,通过免疫组化、RT-PCR、Western免疫印迹技术观察普罗布考对硫氧还蛋白(Thioredoxin,Trx)及硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白(Thioredoxin-interacting protein,Txnip)表达的影响,并检测各组大鼠空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素、肾功能、丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)的含量.结果 P组与C组比较,Trx表达明显降低(0.162±0.008对0.239±0.006,P＜0.05),Txnip表达明显升高(0.159±0.003对0.091±0.016,P＜0.05).P组与D组比较,Trx表达升高(0.162±0.008对0.108±0.013,P＜0.05),Txnip表达降低(0.159±0.003对0.236±0.009,P＜0.05).与C组比较,D组大鼠氧化应激指标升高、肾功能受损、抗氧化酶降低,而P组大鼠上述指标(除FPG外)有所改善(P＜0.05).结论 普罗布考通过部分恢复Trx功能,降低Txnip表达,减少氧化应激,发挥对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织的保护作用.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the expression of thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) in the kidney of type 2 diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and the effect of probucol treatment on thioredoxin system. Methods Thirty male SD rats were divided into control group( C, n = 10), diabetes group ( D, n =10), and probucol treated diabetic group ( P, n = 10). After eight weeks of probucol treatment, the expressions of Trx and Txnip in the kidney of three groups were measured by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Body weight,24 h microalbuminuria( ALB), fasting plasma glucose( FPG), fasting insulin( HNS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde ( MDA ), superoxide dismutase ( SOD ), and catalase (CAT) were determined. Results Compared with group C, Trx was markedly decreased in group P (0. 162 ±0. 008 vs 0. 239 ±0. 006, P＜0.05 ), while Txnip was significantly increased (0. 159±0.003 vs 0. 091 ±0.016, P＜0.05 ). Trx in group P was increased as compared with group D (0. 162 ±0. 008 vs 0. 108 ± 0. 013, P ＜ 0. 05 ), while Txnip was lowered (0. 159±0.003 vs 0. 236±0.009 ,P＜0.05 ). FPG, 24 h ALB, BUN, Cr,and MDA levels in group D were markedly increased as compared with group C (P＜0. 05), while the activity of SOD, CAT, and FINS levels were decreased apparently (P＜0.05). The above markers except for FPG in group P were ameliorated (P＜0. 05 ).Conclusions Probucol attenuated oxidative stress by means of partially restoring Trx function and reducing Txnip expression, and thus played a major role in renoprotection of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.     

老年人急性肾功能衰竭的临床特点

目的：探讨老年急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）的临床特点,方法：将151例ARF病人分为老年组（47例）和对照组（104例）,并比较两组病人的临床资料、治疗方法和预后。结果老年组引起ARF最常邮病因是感染,明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）,而肾实质性疾病引起的ARF明显低于对照组（P＜0．01）。多脏器功能衰竭的发生率、病死率均明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）。治疗开始前血清肌酐水平明显低于对照组（P＜0．01）。接受透析治疗病例数明显低于对照组P＜0．01）。结论老年ARF的原发疾病及临床经过有其特殊性。加强透析治疗,尤其早期预防透析是治疗成功的关键,预后与年龄、原发病能否控制及透析时机的选择有关。     

老年2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白与动脉僵硬度的关系

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病患者不同糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与动脉僵硬度的关系。方法选择老年2型糖尿病患者108例,根据年龄分为60～69岁组39例,70～79岁组39例,80～89岁组30例。以HbA1c作为评分标准:分为血糖控制不佳患者56例和血糖控制良好患者52例。以颈动脉-股动脉脉搏波传导速度(cfPWV)作为评价动脉僵硬度指标,进行cfPWV及下肢动脉多普勒超声、血脂检测,并进行相关因素分析。结果 60～69岁组、70～79岁组、80～89岁组血糖控制不佳患者cfPWV、LDL-C、TG水平明显高于血糖控制良好患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。回归分析显示,cfPWV与HbA1c、甘油三酯呈正相关(r=0.652,r=0.425,P=0.000)。结论血糖控制不佳是老年2型糖尿病患者动脉僵硬度增加的重要危险因素。