新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时半数有效效应室靶浓度的影响

目的 探讨新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50)的影响.方法 择期拟行乳腺癌切除术患者90例,女性,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,年龄30～60岁,体重指数<30kg/m2,根据术前是否接受新辅助化疗及其化疗方案分为3组(n=30),未化疗组(Ⅰ组)术前不使用任何化疗药物;紫杉醇化疗组(Ⅱ组)及环磷酰胺+阿霉素+5-氟尿嘧啶联合化疗组(Ⅲ组)均进行4个疗程化疗,并于第4个疗程结束后10～15d时行乳腺癌切除术.麻醉诱导:靶控输注异丙酚,按序贯法确定异丙酚的效应室靶浓度,第1例患者异丙酚效应室靶浓度为2.07μg/ml,各相邻靶浓度之比为1.09.以睫毛反射消失及对言语指令无反应作为判断意识消失的标志.若患者意识消失,则持续靶控输注该浓度异丙酚,并静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg及罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg后气管插管;若患者意识未消失,则停止靶控输注,静脉注射异丙酚2mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg及罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg后气管插管.计算靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时的EC50.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组及Ⅲ组患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时的EC50.均降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组间上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 新辅助化疗可降低乳腺癌患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时的EC50.     

新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时半数有效效应室靶浓度的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on EC50 of propofol given by TCI which produces loss of consciousness (LOC) in breast cancer patients.Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ breast cancer patients aged 30-60 yr scheduled for elective surgery were allocated into 3 groups according to the chemotherapy the patients received (n=30 each):group Ⅰ control (group C) received no chemotherapy;group Ⅱ taxol and group Ⅲ adriamycine+cyclophosphamide+5-Fu.The patients were unpremedicated.The EC50 of propofol given by TCI was determined by up-and-down technique.The initial effect-site concentration (Ce) of propofol was 2.07μg/ml and the ratio between the 2 successive Ce was 1.09.Loss of response to verbal command and eyelash stimulation was used as sighs of LOC.The EC50 of propofol was calculated.Results The EC50 of propofol causing LOC was significantly lower in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in control group.There was no significant difference in the EC50 of propofol which produces LOC between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Conclusion The EC50 of propofol causing LOC in breast cancerpatients is decreased by adjuvant chemotherapy.     

新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时半数有效效应室靶浓度的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on EC50 of propofol given by TCI which produces loss of consciousness (LOC) in breast cancer patients.Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ breast cancer patients aged 30-60 yr scheduled for elective surgery were allocated into 3 groups according to the chemotherapy the patients received (n=30 each):group Ⅰ control (group C) received no chemotherapy;group Ⅱ taxol and group Ⅲ adriamycine+cyclophosphamide+5-Fu.The patients were unpremedicated.The EC50 of propofol given by TCI was determined by up-and-down technique.The initial effect-site concentration (Ce) of propofol was 2.07μg/ml and the ratio between the 2 successive Ce was 1.09.Loss of response to verbal command and eyelash stimulation was used as sighs of LOC.The EC50 of propofol was calculated.Results The EC50 of propofol causing LOC was significantly lower in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in control group.There was no significant difference in the EC50 of propofol which produces LOC between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Conclusion The EC50 of propofol causing LOC in breast cancerpatients is decreased by adjuvant chemotherapy.     

纤维结肠镜检查术患者靶控输注异丙酚的半数有效血浆靶浓度

目的 测定纤维结肠镜检查术患者靶控输注异丙酚的半数有效血浆靶浓度（EC50）。方法拟行纤维结肠镜检查术患者60例，ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级，按序贯法进行试验：初始血浆靶浓度设为5．0μg／ml，人选样本从有体动的上1个患者开始计算，其后各例患者血浆靶浓度根据检查过程中有无体动进行调整，浓度变化间隔为0．5μg/ml。计算异丙酚的EC50及其95％可信区间。结果纤维结肠镜检查术患者靶控输注异丙酚的EC50为4．9μg／ml，95％可信区间4．5～5．4μg／ml。结论纤维结肠镜检查术患者靶控输注异丙酚的EC50为4．9μg／ml。     

不同剂量右美托咪定对靶控输注异丙酚病人意识消失半数有效血浆靶浓度的影响

目的 评价不同剂量右美托咪定对靶控输注异丙酚病人意识消失半数有效血浆靶浓度(EC5o)的影响.方法 择期全麻病人80例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～64岁,体重指数≤25 kg/m2,采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分为4组(n=20):对照组(C组)和不同剂量右美托咪定组(D1～3组).D1～3组分别静脉输注右美托咪定0.4、0.5和0.6 μg/kg,输注时间10 min,C组输注等容量生理盐水.随后靶控输注异丙酚,采用序贯法进行试验,异丙酚初始血浆靶浓度2.0 μg/ml,相邻浓度比值为1.1.意识消失的标准为睫毛反射消失、两次呼之不应.计算异丙酚使病人意识消失的EC50及其95％可信区间(95％CI).观察心动过缓、低血压和呼吸抑制等不良反应的发生情况.结果 C组和D1～3组异丙酚使病人意识消失的EC50及其95％ CI分别为2.59(2.51 ～ 2.67)、2.09(2.02 ～ 2.16)、1.82(1.70 ～1.95)和1.60 (1.49～ 1.72) μg/ml.C组、D1～3组异丙酚使病人意识消失的EC50依次降低(P＜0.05).与C组比较,D1～3组心动过缓和低血压发生率降低(P＜0.05);与D1组比较,D2,3组心动过缓发生率和D3组低血压发生率升高(P＜0.05);D2组和D3组心动过缓和低血压发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).各组无一例病人发生呼吸抑制.结论 靶控输注异丙酚时复合静脉输注右美托咪定0.4 μg/kg为适宜剂量,既可降低靶控输注异丙酚病人意识消失的EC50,又不发生不良反应.     

纤维支气管镜检查术患者不同效应室靶浓度异丙酚麻醉效果的比较

目的 比较纤维支气管镜检查术患者不同效应室靶浓度异丙酚的麻醉效果.方法 择期行纤维支气管镜检查术患者46例,ASA Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,年龄25～56岁,随机分为3组,P3.5组(n=15)、P4.0组(n=15)、P4.5组(n=16),异丙酚效应室靶浓度分别为3.5、4.0、4.5 μg/ml.设定异丙酚初始血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml,分3步靶控输注,每步间隔20 s,目标血浆靶浓度6 μg/ml.静脉注射芬太尼1 μg/kg后开始靶控输注异丙酚,分别于效应室靶浓度达到3.5、4.0、4.5 μg/ml时开始行纤维支气管镜检查术.于麻醉诱导前(基础状态)、麻醉诱导后1 min(T1)、2 min(T2)、3 min(T3)、置入纤维支气管镜(T4)、纤维支气管镜至声门(T5)、至隆突(T6)、至主支气管(T7)、至叶支气管(T8)、灌洗活检(T9)、术毕(T10)、患者睁眼(T11)和清醒(T12)时监测MAP、HR、SpO2:和脑电双频谱指数(BIS),记录异丙酚用量、SpO2,最低值、T5～12时异丙酚效应室靶浓度、麻醉诱导时间、维持时间、苏醒时间及镜检持续时间.结果 3组MAP、HR和SpO2均波动在正常范围,MAP、BIS较基础值降低(P＜0.01),3组间血液动力学指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与P3.5组比较,P4.0组BIS降低,P4.5组SpO2最低值及T5～8时异丙酚效应室靶浓度升高,两组麻醉诱导时间均延长、异丙酚麻醉诱导量增加;与P4.0组比较,P4.5组麻醉诱导时间延长,苏醒时间缩短,T5时异丙酚效应室靶浓度升高(P＜0.05或0.01).P4.5组麻醉效果优于P3.5组和P4.0组(P＜0.05).结论 异丙酚效应室靶浓度达到4.5 μg/ml时行纤维支气管镜检查术麻醉效果可靠.     

舒芬太尼复合TCI异丙酚抑制前列腺电切术老年患者尿道镜置入反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度

目的 确定舒芬太尼复合TCI异丙酚抑制经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)老年患者尿道镜置入反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50).方法 拟行TURP的患者22例,年龄65～79岁,体重47～81 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级.TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml,异丙酚达到靶浓度后开始TCI舒芬太尼;采用序贯法,按照患者是否发生尿道镜置入反应确定舒芬太尼的效应室靶浓度,初始效应室靶浓度为0.3 ng/ml,相邻浓度比值为1.1.计算舒芬太尼的EC50及其95%可信区间.结果 舒芬太尼抑制尿道镜置入反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml,95%可信区间为0.12～0.44 ng/ml.结论 复合TCI异丙酚(血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml)时,舒芬太尼抑制TURP老年患者尿道镜置入反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the half-effective target effect-site concentration (EC50 ) of sufentanil inhibiting the urethroscope insertion response when combined with propofol by target-controlled infusion (TCI) in the elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) . Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅰ- Ⅲ patients, aged 65 -79 yr, weighing 47-81 kg, undergoing TURP, were enrolled in the study. Anesthesia was performed with TCI of propofol and sufentanil. The target plasma concentration of propofol was 4 μg/ml. The target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was determined by up-and-down sequential trial. The initial target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was 0.3 ng/ml and the ratio of the target concentrations between the two consecutive patients was 1.1. The ECW and 95% confidence interval of sufentanil required to inhibit the response to urethroscope insertion were calculated. Results The EC50 of sufentanil required to inhibit the urethroscope insertion response was 0.23 ng/ml (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.44 ng/ml). Conclusion When combined with propofol by TCI (target plasma concentration 4 μg/ml), the EC50 of sufentanil inhibiting the response to urethroscope insertion is 0,23 ng/ml in the elderly patients undergoing TURP.     

复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制维吾尔族患者气管插管心血管反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度

目的 确定复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制维吾尔族患者气管插管心血管反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50).方法 全身麻醉下择期手术的维吾尔族患者31例,年龄21～59岁,性别不限,BMI 18～28 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.麻醉诱导:靶控输注异丙酚,效应室靶浓度为3.0 μg/ml,静脉注射顺阿曲库铵0.2 mg/kg,靶控输注舒芬太尼,第1例患者效应室靶浓度为0.8 ng/ml,待效应室靶浓度与血浆靶浓度达平衡后行气管插管,发生气管插管心血管反应时,则下一例患者采用高一级浓度,否则采用低一级浓度,浓度梯度的比值为1.1.发生气管插管心血管反应的标准:收缩压升高幅度超过基础值15％和(或)心率＞90次/min且持续时间＞15s.采用Probit概率回归法计算舒芬太尼抑制气管插管心血管反应的EC50及其95％可信区间.结果 复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制维吾尔族患者气管插管心血管反应的EC50及其95％可信区间为0.46(0.43～0.49)ng/ml.结论 复合异丙酚时,舒芬太尼抑制维吾尔族患者气管插管心血管反应的EC50为0.46 ng/ml.     

复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度

目的 确定复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50).方法 择期行经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术病人50例,性别不限,年龄20～60岁,BMI＜30 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,随机分为不同舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度组(n=10),S1组、S2组、S3组、S4组和S5组舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别0.21、0.14、0.09、0.06、0.04 ng/ml.靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2.5～3.0μg/ml,各组按相应效应室靶浓度靶控输注舒芬太尼,待病人意识消失且舒芬太尼达效应室浓度时置入输尿管镜,以进镜即刻至进镜后1 min内病人发生体动反应(咳嗽和吞咽动作除外)为阳性反应.采用Bliss法计算复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的EC50为及其95%可信区间.结果 复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的EC50为0.084 ng/ml,95%可信区间为0.066～0.107 ng/ml.结论复合异丙酚时,舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的EC50为0.084 ng/ml.     

复合TCI异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制纤维支气管镜检查患者气道反应的半数有效血浆靶浓度

目的 确定复合TCI异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制纤维支气管镜检查患者气道反应的半数有效血浆靶浓度(EC50).方法 择期行纤维支气管镜检查患者40例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=20).两组均以TCI瑞芬太尼和异丙酚麻醉,异丙酚效应室靶浓度3μg/ml,瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度采用序贯法确定,第1例患者瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度5μg/L,相邻靶浓度之比为1.1.A组以检查过程中BIS≤60为合适麻醉深度,B组以检查过程中气道反应≤Ⅱ级为合适麻醉深度.分别计算两组瑞芬太尼抑制气道反应的EC50及其95%可信区间(CI).结果 A组和B组瑞芬太尼的EC50及其95%CI分别为4.50μg/L(95%CI 3.88～5.36μg/L)和4.10ug/L(95%CI 3.31～5.00μg/L),A组EC50高于B组(P＜0.05).结论 复合TCI异丙酚(效应室靶浓度为3μg/L)时,瑞芬太尼抑制纤维支气管镜检查患者气道反应的EC50为4.10μg/L.BIS不适宜作为反映异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉深度的指标.     

急性高容量血液稀释对患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时EC50的影响

目的 探讨急性高容量血液稀释(AHHD)对患者靶控输注(TCI)异丙酚意识消失时EC50的影响.方法 择期行脊柱手术或全髋置换术患者60例,年龄18～64岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为4组(n=15):异丙酚血浆靶浓度输注组(Tp组)、异丙酚效应室靶浓度输注组(Te组)、AHHD+Tp组和AHHD+Te组.入室后经30 min外周静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液0.7 nl·kg-1·h-1,AHHD+Tp组和AHHD+Te组同时经颈内静脉输注4%琥珀酰明胶15 ml/kg行AHHD.AHHD结束后TCI异丙酚,初始靶浓度为1.2μg/ml,到达该浓度30 S后,采用警觉/镇静评分(OAA/S)评价患者的意识状态,然后以0.3 μg/ml的浓度梯度增加靶浓度,直至患者意识消失(OAA/S=0分),记录此时异丙酚的血浆靶浓度和效应室靶浓度.采用概率单位法计算异丙酚意识消失时的EC50及其95%可信区间(CI).结果 Tp组、Te组、AHHD+Tp组和AHHD+Te组意识消失时异丙酚的EC50及其95%CI分别为3.74(3.46～4.16)、2.32(2.17～2.42)、4.12(3.81～4.32)、2.38(2.14～2.56)μg/ml.与Tp组比较,AHHD+Tp组意识消失时异丙酚的EC50升高(P<0.05);与Te组相比,AHHD+Te组意识消失时异丙酚的EC50差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 AHHD可升高患者TCI异丙酚意识消失时血浆靶浓度的EC50,对效应室靶浓度的EC50无影响.     

不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者意识消失和伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯半数有效浓度的影响

目的 探讨不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者意识消失和伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯半数有效浓度(EC50)的影响.方法 择期拟在全身麻醉下行妇科手术患者80例,ASA 分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～64岁,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为4组(n=20):R0组不使用瑞芬太尼;R1～3组瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别为1、2、3ng/ml.麻醉诱导开始时先靶控输注瑞芬太尼,达设定效应室靶浓度后,再以血浆靶浓度0.6μg/ml为起点开始靶控输注依托咪酯,此后每分钟增加依托咪酯的血浆靶浓度0.1 μg/ml直至患者意识消失及对伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失.记录患者意识消失及对伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯的效应室靶浓度,采用Probit法计算EC50.结果 随瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度升高,患者意识消失时和伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯的EC50逐渐降低(P<0.05).结论 靶控输注1、2.3 ng/ml的瑞芬太尼可呈浓度依赖性地强化依托咪酯的镇静镇痛作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of different target effect-site concentrations (Ces) ofremifentanil on the median effective concentration (EC50 ) of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body movement. Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ orⅡ patients aged 18-64 yr scheduled for elective gynecological surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 20 each): group R0 received no remifentanil and R1-3 groups received remifentanil at 3 predetermined target Ces of 1,2 and 3 ng/ml respectively. At the beginning of anesthesia induction, remifentanil was given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) until the predetermined Ces were achieved, TCI of etomidate was then started at a target plasma concentration of 0.6 μg/ml and then the target plasma concentration of etomidate increased by 0.1 μg/ml every 1 min until the patients lost consciousness and the body movement induced by the nociceptive stimuli disappeared. The Ce of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body move-ment was recorded and the EC50 was calculated by Probit method. Results With the increase in the target Ces of remifentanil, the EC50 of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body movement decreased gradually (P < 0.05) .Conclusion Remifentanil given by TCI can enhance the sedative and analgesic effect of etomidate concentration-dependently.     

右美托咪啶对瑞芬太尼抑制切皮时患者体动反应半数有效效应室靶浓度的影响

目的 评价右美托咪啶对瑞芬太尼抑制切皮时患者体动反应半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50)的影响.方法 择期拟行乳房肿瘤切除术患者40例,年龄20～50岁,体重45～58 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为瑞芬太尼组(R组)和右美托咪啶复合瑞芬太尼组(RD组),每组20例.R组和RD组切皮前分别静脉输注生理盐水和右美托咪啶1.0μg/kg,输注时间10min,同时靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度设为3.0 mg/L,13 min后开始靶控输注瑞芬太尼.采用序贯法进行试验,RD组和R组初始效应室靶浓度分别为2.5和3.0μg/L,待两药浓度均达靶浓度后切开皮肤3 cm,有体动反应,则下一例采用高一级浓度,无体动反应,则下一例患者采用低一级浓度,相邻浓度比值为1.2,发生体动反应的标准为患者出现躯干、四肢或头颈可见的运动.计算瑞芬太尼抑制患者体动反应的EC50及其95％可信区间.结果 RD组瑞芬太尼抑制切皮时体动反应的EC50为1.7 μg/L,95％可信区间为1.5～1.9 μg/L,R组瑞芬太尼抑制切皮时体动反应的EC50为2.5 μg/L,95％可信区间为2.2～2.7 μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 靶控输注异丙酚(血浆靶浓度3.0 mg/L)下,静脉输注右美托咪啶1.0μg/kg可降低瑞芬太尼抑制切皮时患者体动反应的EC50.     

不同靶浓度异丙酚对七氟醚MAC的影响

目的 评价不同靶浓度异丙酚对七氟醚MAC的影响.方法 择期全麻下行腹部手术的病人,年龄20～50岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为5组,P0组、P2组、P3组、P4组和P4组均吸入8%七氟醚麻醉诱导,意识消失后静脉注射琥珀胆碱1 mg/kg和瑞芬太尼1 μg/kg.气管插管后行机械通气,P1组、P2组、P3组和P4组靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度分别为1、2、3、4 tμg/ml,P0组、P1组、P2组、P3组和P4组第1例病人七氟醚呼气末浓度分别为3.0%、2.2%、2.0%、1.8%和1.5%,当七氟醚呼气末浓度平衡15 min以上且神经肌肉功能恢复后开始切皮,根据是否发生切皮反应,采用up-down方法确定下一例病人的七氟醚呼气末浓度,每组出现6个交叉点后终止研究,以6个交叉点病人七氟醚呼气末浓度的均数为MAC.七氟醚MAC与异丙酚血浆靶浓度间分别进行直线回归和等级相关分析.结果 Pn组～P4组七氟醚MAC分别为2.17 4-0.11%、1.90%±0.10%、1.47%±0.19%、1.37%±0.13%和1.00%±0.10%;与P0组相比,P1组～P4组七氟醚MAC均降低,且呈浓度依赖性(P＜0.05).七氟醚MAC(Y)与异丙酚血浆靶浓度(X)间的直线回归方程为Y=2.17-0.212 X,相关系数为-0.946 9(P＜0.05).结论 异丙酚血浆靶浓度1～4 μg/ml可使七氟醚MAC分别降低12%、32%、37%和54%,两者以相加作用的方式抑制切皮反应.