盐酸戊乙奎醚对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4mRNA和Toll样受体2mRNA表达的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine (PHCD) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)mRNA and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA expression in the lung tissue in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .Methods Sixty healthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each) :control group (group C) , LPS group and P1-3 groups. Acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) LPS 8 mg/kg in LPS and P1-3 groups. PHCD 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg were given IP after LPS administration in P1-3 groups. The animals were anesthetized at 6 h after IP LPS. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations ( by ELISA) and then sacrificed, the lungs were immediately removed for determination of TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR), and microscopic examination. Results LPS significantly increased TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations. PHCD 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg significantly inhibited LPS-induced increase in TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and ILr6 concentrations.The lung histopathologic damage was significantly ameliorated in P2 and P3 groups as compared with group LPS.Conclusion PHCD can protect the lungs against LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and reducing the inflammatory response.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4mRNA和Toll样受体2mRNA表达的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine (PHCD) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)mRNA and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA expression in the lung tissue in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .Methods Sixty healthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each) :control group (group C) , LPS group and P1-3 groups. Acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) LPS 8 mg/kg in LPS and P1-3 groups. PHCD 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg were given IP after LPS administration in P1-3 groups. The animals were anesthetized at 6 h after IP LPS. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations ( by ELISA) and then sacrificed, the lungs were immediately removed for determination of TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR), and microscopic examination. Results LPS significantly increased TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations. PHCD 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg significantly inhibited LPS-induced increase in TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and ILr6 concentrations.The lung histopathologic damage was significantly ameliorated in P2 and P3 groups as compared with group LPS.Conclusion PHCD can protect the lungs against LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and reducing the inflammatory response.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4mRNA和Toll样受体2mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对内毒索性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA和Toll样受体2(TLR2)mRNA表达的影响.方法 健康SD大鼠60只,雌雄不拘,体重200～220g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为5组(n=12),对照组(C组)、LPS组和低、中、高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P1组～P3组).C组腹腔注射生理盐水2ml;LPS组腹腔注射LPS 8mg/kg;P1组～P3组分别腹腔注射LPS 8 mg/kg和盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3、1.0和3.0 mg/kg.给药结束后6 h时开胸,心室取血,并取肺组织,采用ELISA法测定血清TNF-α和Ib-6的浓度,RT-PCR法测定肺组织TLR4 mRNA和TLR2 mRNA 的表达水平,并观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,LPS组、P1组～P3组血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度和肺组织TLR4 mRNA、TLR2 mRNA表达均升高(P<0.05);与LPS组比较,P2组和P3组血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度和肺组织TLR4 mRNA、TLR2 mRNA表达均降低(P<0.05),P1组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与P1组比较,P2组和P1组血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度和肺组织TLR4 mRNA、TLR2 mRNA表达均降低(P<0.05);P2组和P3组血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度和肺组织TLR4 mRNA、TLR2 mRNA表达比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).P2组和P3组肺组织病理学损伤程度明显轻于LPS组.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚可通过下调肺组织TLR4 mRNA和耵JR2 mRNA的表达,降低炎性反应,从而减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine (PHCD) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)mRNA and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA expression in the lung tissue in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .Methods Sixty healthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each) :control group (group C) , LPS group and P1-3 groups. Acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) LPS 8 mg/kg in LPS and P1-3 groups. PHCD 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg were given IP after LPS administration in P1-3 groups. The animals were anesthetized at 6 h after IP LPS. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations ( by ELISA) and then sacrificed, the lungs were immediately removed for determination of TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR), and microscopic examination. Results LPS significantly increased TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations. PHCD 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg significantly inhibited LPS-induced increase in TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and ILr6 concentrations.The lung histopathologic damage was significantly ameliorated in P2 and P3 groups as compared with group LPS.Conclusion PHCD can protect the lungs against LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and reducing the inflammatory response.     

七氟烷预处理对脂多糖致大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats. Methods Seventy -two Sprague -Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: NS group, LPS group and sevoflurane pretreatment (S-l h group, S-6 h group, S-12 h group and S-24 h group). The rat model of ALI was established by intratracheal instillation of LPS. Animals were sacrificed at 6 h after LPS or NS administration. Leukocyte count, concentration of TNF-α and IL-β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); pulmonary capillary permeability, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of lung tissue; lung histological changes were compared in rats with or without sevoflurane pretreatment (2.4% inspired for 30 min) at different times before LPS instillation. Results Compared with the NS group,severe injury of lung tissues and increase in leukocyte count in BALF, Production of TNF-α and IL-1β in BALF, pulmonary capillary permeability and MPO activity in the lung were significantly increased in rats treated with LPS (P<0.01). MPO activity, leukocyte count and production of IL-1βin BALF were reduced when sevoflurane was given 1 or 24 h before but not at 6 or 12 h before LPS instillation(P<0.01). Sevoflurane pretreatment also attenuated pulmonary capillary permeability and production of TNF-α in BALF (P<0.01). Pulmonary capillary permeability and concentration of TNF-α in S-l h and S-24 h group was lower than S-6 h and S-12 h group (P<0.01). Sevoflurane pretreatment was effective at 1 h and 24 h suggesting sevoflurane has early and late protection against LPS-induced lung injury. Conclusion Sevoflurane pretreatment has protective effects against acute lung injury when given 1 or 12 h before LPS instillation.     

七氟烷预处理对脂多糖致大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats. Methods Seventy -two Sprague -Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: NS group, LPS group and sevoflurane pretreatment (S-l h group, S-6 h group, S-12 h group and S-24 h group). The rat model of ALI was established by intratracheal instillation of LPS. Animals were sacrificed at 6 h after LPS or NS administration. Leukocyte count, concentration of TNF-α and IL-β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); pulmonary capillary permeability, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of lung tissue; lung histological changes were compared in rats with or without sevoflurane pretreatment (2.4% inspired for 30 min) at different times before LPS instillation. Results Compared with the NS group,severe injury of lung tissues and increase in leukocyte count in BALF, Production of TNF-α and IL-1β in BALF, pulmonary capillary permeability and MPO activity in the lung were significantly increased in rats treated with LPS (P<0.01). MPO activity, leukocyte count and production of IL-1βin BALF were reduced when sevoflurane was given 1 or 24 h before but not at 6 or 12 h before LPS instillation(P<0.01). Sevoflurane pretreatment also attenuated pulmonary capillary permeability and production of TNF-α in BALF (P<0.01). Pulmonary capillary permeability and concentration of TNF-α in S-l h and S-24 h group was lower than S-6 h and S-12 h group (P<0.01). Sevoflurane pretreatment was effective at 1 h and 24 h suggesting sevoflurane has early and late protection against LPS-induced lung injury. Conclusion Sevoflurane pretreatment has protective effects against acute lung injury when given 1 or 12 h before LPS instillation.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时NF-κB活性的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine (PHCD) pretreatment on nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-kB ) activity during lipopolysaccharide ( LPS )-induced acute lung injury ( ALl ) in neonate rats.Methods Thirty 7-day old Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 18-21 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =10 each): group Ⅰ control (group C); group Ⅱ LPS; group Ⅲ PHCD. Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ received intraperitoneal ( group IP) LPS 3 mg/kg. In group Ⅲ PHCD 5 mg/kg was administered IP at 30 min before LPS respectively. The animals were killed at 4 h after LPS administration. The lungs were immediately removed. The W/D lung weight ratio was measured. The TNF-α, IL-1 βand IL-10 content in the lung were detected by ELISA and expression of NF-kB p65 was detected by immuno-histochemical staining.Results LPS significantly increased W/D lung weight ratio, TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-10 content and NF-kB p65 expression in the lung as compared with control group. PHCD administered before LPS significantly attenuated the LPS-induced changes. Electron microscopy showed that PHCD before LPS significandy ameliorated the LPS-induced histological damages. Conclusion Pretreatment with PHCD can attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury though inhibition of NF-kB activation and inflammatory response of lung tissue in neonate rats.     

右美托咪啶对脂多糖诱导大鼠外周血单核细胞Toll样受体4mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪啶对脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠外周血单核细胞Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA表达的影响.方法 健康雄性Wistar大鼠40只,取外周血分离培养单核细胞,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为5组(n=8),A组:阴性对照;B组:单核细胞中加入LPS(终浓度为1μg/ml);C组:单核细胞中加入LPS(终浓度为1μg/ml)+右美托咪啶(终浓度为0.5 ng/ml);D组:单核细胞中加入LPS(终浓度为1μg/ml)+右美托咪啶(终浓度为5.0 ng/ml);E组:单核细胞中加入LPS(终浓度为1μg/ml)+右美托咪啶(终浓度为50.0 ng/ml).孵育24 h后,收集上清液,采用ELISA法测定TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的浓度,采用RT-PCR法测定TLR4 mRNA的表达.结果 与A组比较,B组TNF-α、IL-1p、IL-6的浓度升高,TLR4 mRNA表达上调(P＜0.01);与B组比较,C组、D组和E组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的浓度降低,TLR4 mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05或0.01);与C组比较,D组和E组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的浓度降低(P＜0.01),TLR4 mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);D组和E组各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 右美托咪啶可通过下调TLR4 mRNA表达,抑制TLR4的合成,从而抑制LPS诱导大鼠外周血单核细胞TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的生成与释放.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of dexmedetomidine on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA in rat peripheral blood monocytes exposed to lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ). Methods Peripheral blood monocytes isolated from male Wistar rats were seeded in 24-well plate in RPMI 1640 liquid culture medium in CO2 incubator at 37 ℃ and 5% CO2 for 2 h, and were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 8 each): group A negative control; group B was exposed to LPS 1 μg/ml and C, D and E groups were exposed to LPS 1 μg/ml + dexmetomidine 0.5, 5.0 and 50.0 ng/ml respectively. The monocytes were then incubated for 24 h. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the supernatant of the cultured monocytes were detected by ELISA. The expression of TLR4 mRNA in the monocytes was detected by RT-PCR.Results Exposure to LPS significantly increased the expression of TLR4 mRNA and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL -6 in group B as compared with group A ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Dexmedetomidine attenuated the LPS-induced increase in the expression of TLR 4 mRNA and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner ( P ＜0.05or 0.01 ). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can inhibit the synthesis of TLR4 and inhibit the secretion and dilivery of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by down-regulating the gene expression of TLR4 in rat peripheral blood monocytes exposed to LPS.     

Effect of isoflurane on expression of IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA In the hippocamapus of immature rats

Obiective To investigate the effect ofisoflurane on expression of IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA in the hippocampus of immature rats.Methods sixty-four 7-clay-old SD rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups(n=32 each):control group(group C)and isoflurane group(group S).group S was exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 6 h while group C to air.Fore animals were killed before anesthesia(T0,baseline),at 2,4,6 h(T1-3)of isoflurane anesthesia and 4,6,12 and 24 h after anesthesia(T4-7).The hippocampi were immediately removed for determimation of the expression of IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA by RT-PCR.Results Compared with group C,the expression of IL-1β mRNA at T1-5,IL-6 mRNA at T2.3 and TNF-α mRNA at T1-6 in the hippocampus was upregulated in group S.Conclusion The expression of IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-β mRNA was elevated in the hippocampus of immature rats after being exposed to isoflurane.     

Effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on patients with acute lung injury and its mechanisms

Objective： To assess the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on patients with acute lung injury （ALI）, to observe the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） on the peripheral monocytes of ALI patients and changes of inflammatory ＆ anti-inflammatory cytokines and to investigate the mechanism of TLR4 in ALI.Methods： Forty-five patients with ALI were randomly divided into penehyclidine hydrochloride treatment group （P group, n=21） and conventional treatment group （control group, C group, n=24）. Patients in both groups received conventional treatment, including active treatment of the primary disease, respiratory support, nutritional support and fluid management therapy, while those in P group were given penehyclidine hydrochloride （1 mg, im, q. 12 h） in addition.The TLR4 expression of 20 healthy volunteers were detected.The clinical effect, average length of stay in ICU and hospital,values of PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2, expression of TLR4 on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and some serum cytokines were evaluated for 48 h.Results： The general conditions of the two groups were improved gradually and PaO2 increased progressively.Compared with 0 h, PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after treatment were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. The improvement in P group was obviously greater than that in C group （P＜0.05）. The average length of hospitalization showed no difference between the two groups, but penehyclidine hydrochloride significantly decreased the average length of stay in ICU （t=3.485, P＜0.01）. The expression of TLR4 in two groups were both obviously higher than that of healthy volunteers （P＜0.01）. It decreased significantly at 24 h （t=2.032, P＜0.05） and 48 h （t=3.620, P＜0.01）and was lower in P group than in C group. The patients who showed a higher level of TLR4 expression in early stage had a worse prognosis and most of them developed acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS）. The incidence of ARDS was 23.8% in P group and 29.17% in C group at 24 h.Until148 h, there were other two patients developing ARDS in control group. Serum IL-l, IL-8 and TNF-α expressions reduced after 24 h in both groups. The reduction in P group was more obvious than that in C group （P＜0.05）. IL-13 increased gradually from 0 h to 24 h, and decreased slightly at 48 h, which showed no difference between two groups （t=1.028, P＞0.05）.Conclusions： Penehyclidine hydrochloride improves the arterial oxygen pressure, down-regulates the expression of TLR4 and restrains the inflammatory cytokines in the downstream of TLR4 signaling pathway. It prevents the development of ALI and can be considered as an important drug in ALI treatment.     

Effect of isoflurane on expression of IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA In the hippocamapus of immature rats

Obiective To investigate the effect ofisoflurane on expression of IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA in the hippocampus of immature rats.Methods sixty-four 7-clay-old SD rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups(n=32 each):control group(group C)and isoflurane group(group S).group S was exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 6 h while group C to air.Fore animals were killed before anesthesia(T0,baseline),at 2,4,6 h(T1-3)of isoflurane anesthesia and 4,6,12 and 24 h after anesthesia(T4-7).The hippocampi were immediately removed for determimation of the expression of IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA by RT-PCR.Results Compared with group C,the expression of IL-1β mRNA at T1-5,IL-6 mRNA at T2.3 and TNF-α mRNA at T1-6 in the hippocampus was upregulated in group S.Conclusion The expression of IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-β mRNA was elevated in the hippocampus of immature rats after being exposed to isoflurane.     

异丙酚对LPS诱导中性粒细胞Toll样受体2和Toll样受体4表达的影响

目的 探讨异丙酚对内毒素(LPS)诱导中性粒细胞Toll样受体2(TLR2)和TLR4表达的影响.方法 健康志愿者6名,年龄20～35岁,各采集外周静脉血样50 ml,加入20 U/ml肝素抗凝,分离提纯中性粒细胞,制备细胞悬液,然后随机分为6组,每组6皿:对照组(C组)不给予任何药物,置于37℃、5%CO_2培养箱中培养12 h;异丙酚脂质溶剂intralipid组(I组)、异丙酚组(P组)和LPS组(L组):分别加入intralipid(终浓度为5 μg/ml)、异丙酚(终浓度为5 μg/ml)或LPS(终浓度为1μg/ml),置于37℃、5%CO_2培养箱中孵育12 h;intralipid+LPS组(IL组)和异丙酚+LPS组(PL组)先分别加入intralipid(终浓度为5 μg/ml)或异丙酚(终浓度为5 μg/ml)后,置于37℃、5%CO_2培养箱中孵育20 min,然后加入LPS(终浓度为1μg/ml),置于37℃、5%CO_2培养箱孵育12 h.采用流式细胞仪测定中性粒细胞膜TLR2和TLR4的表达;采用荧光定量PGR检测中性粒细胞膜TLR2 mRNA和TLR4 mRNA的表达;采用ELISA法测定培养上清液TNF-α和IL-8的浓度.结果 与C组比较,I组和P组TLB2和TLR4的表达、1NF-α和IL-8L-8的浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),L组和IL组TLR2和TLR4的表达上调,L组TNF-α和IL-8L-8的浓度升高,IL组IL-8浓度升高(P<0.05);与L组比较,IL组TLR2和TLR4的表达、TNF-α和IL-8L-8的浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),PL组TLR2和TLR4的表达下调,TNF-α和IL-8L-8的浓度降低(P<0.05).各组TLR2 mRNA和TLR4 mRNA的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 异丙酚可下调LPS诱导的中性粒细胞TLR2和TLR4的表达,从而抑制炎性反应.     

异丙酚对内毒素诱导的大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞Toll样受体4表达水平的影响

目的 探讨异丙酚对内毒素诱导的大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达水平的影响.方法 SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠,体重180～250 g,8～9周龄,原代培养大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞,经鉴定后随机分为5组,每组18孔,对照组(C组):不给予任何药物,继续培养3 h;LPS组:加入LPS,终浓度1μg/ml,孵育3 h;异丙酚组(P1～3组):同时加入LPS(终浓度1μg/nd)和终浓度分别为25、50、100 μmol/L的异丙酚,孵育3 h.孵育结束后测定肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞TLR4 mRNA、TLR4蛋白表达和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的释放量.结果 与C组比较,LPS组和P1组TLR4 mRNA及其蛋白表达上调(P<0.05),P2组和P3组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与LPS组比较,P2组和P3组TLB4 mRNA和其蛋白表达下调,TNF-α释放量降低(P<0.05或0.01),P,组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);P2组与P3组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 异丙酚可抑制LPS诱导的大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞TLR4 mRNA及其蛋白表达上调,且呈浓度依赖性,这可能是其抑制肺局部炎性反应的机制.     

小剂量脂多糖诱导血管内皮细胞TLR4的表达

目的:观察小剂量脂多糖(LPS)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(ECV304)TOLL样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响。方法:体外培养ECV304细胞,分别与LPS及LPS+TLR4抗体进行孵育。MTT法检测细胞的增殖活性,免疫组化染色法检测细胞表面TLR4的表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测细胞核核内TLR4-mRNA及IL-8mRNA的表达。结果:LPS(10～50ng/mL)刺激ECV304细胞24h内,细胞增殖活性无明显变化(P>0.05);而以100ng/mL刺激24h后,细胞增殖活性明显降低(P<0.05),TLR4抗体对此无明显拮抗作用。LPS能明显上调ECV304表达TLR4、TLR4-mRNA及IL-8mRNA,其中10ng/mL的LPS在24h时、50ng/mLLPS在6～24h时,TLR4表达具有统计学意义(P<0.05);50ng/mL的LPS刺激ECV304细胞在4h及8h时,细胞核内TLR4mRNA表达均明显升高(P<0.05),而IL-8mRNA表达在8h时明显升高(P<0.05)。TLR4抗体对ECV304表达TLR4及TLR4-mRNA有拮抗作用(P<0.05),对IL-8mRNA表达无明显拮抗作用(P>0.05)。结论:小剂量LPS可诱导ECV304细胞表达TLR4并引起细胞活化,TLR4抗体可抑制TLR4的表达,但不能抑制细胞的活化。     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对内毒素致大鼠急性肺损伤时TLR4表达的影响

目的 探讨羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对内毒素致大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)时Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠30只,体重250～300 g,随机分为5组(n=6),生理盐水对照组(NS组)、ALI组和H_(1-3)组.ALI组、H_1组和H_2组经右颈内静脉注射内毒素10ms/kg制备大鼠ALI模型,H_1组和H_2组注射内毒素完毕1 min后,右颈内静脉分别输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4 15和30ml/kg,H_3组仅右颈内静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4 30 ml/kg,速率均为0.2 ml/min.注射内毒素后6 h时处死大鼠取肺,光镜下观察肺组织病理学;采用RT-PCR检测TLR4 mRNA的表达水平,Western bloting法检测肺组织TLR4蛋白的表达水平.结果 与NS组相比,ALI组TLR4 mRNA和蛋白的表达上调(P＜0.05),H_3组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与ALI组相比,H_1组和H_2组TLR4 mRNA和蛋白的表达下调(P＜0.05);H_1组和H_2组TLR4 mRNA和蛋白的表达比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).病理结果显示:H_1组和H_2组肺损伤程度较ALI组明显减轻.结论 羟乙基淀粉130/0.4可能通过抑制TLR4表达上调,减轻炎性反应,从而减轻内毒素致大鼠ALI.     

乳酸-转化生长因子-β1途径促进肺成纤维细胞活化介导机械通气相关性肺纤维化的机制研究

目的探讨机械通气促进肺成纤维细胞活化及肺纤维化的机制,明确乳酸-转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)途径在该过程中的作用。方法①将C57BL/6小鼠采用随机数字表法分为假手术组(Sham组)和机械通气组(MV组),每组12只,其中Sham组仅行麻醉插管处理并保持自主呼吸,MV组采用20 ml/kg潮气量和70次/min通气频率行单次2 h机械通气,观察7 d后取材。采用H-E染色、Masson染色观察肺组织的损伤程度和纤维化程度,采用Western blot法检测肺组织Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1链(collagen typeⅠalpha 1 chain,COL1A1)、α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)和TGF-β1的蛋白表达情况,采用比色法检测小鼠肺泡灌洗液(bronchial alveolar lavage fluid,BALF)和血清的乳酸浓度。②将人胚肺成纤维细胞MRC-5采用随机数字表法分为4组(每组3个孔):PBS对照组(Con组)、1 mmol/L乳酸组(Lac1组)、10 mmol/L乳酸组(Lac_(10)组)和20 mmol/L乳酸组(Lac_(20)组),于乳酸刺激MRC-5细胞24 h后采用ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液中TGF-β1含量,同时采用细胞免疫荧光观察α-SMA的表达情况;于乳酸刺激MRC-5细胞72 h后采用Western blot法检测不同分组细胞COL1A1和α-SMA的表达情况,并通过ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液Ⅰ型前胶原羧基肽(procollagen type I carboxyl peptide,PICP)的含量变化。③另取MRC-5细胞采用随机数字表法分为3组(每组3个孔):PBS对照组(Con组)、20 mmol/L乳酸组(Lac_(20)组)和20 mmol/L乳酸+TGF-β1受体抑制剂(SB431542)组(Lac_(20)+SB组),处理24 h后采用Western blot法检测不同分组细胞COL1A1和α-SMA的表达情况。结果①与Sham组比较,MV组小鼠肺泡间隔增厚、胶原蛋白沉积、肺纤维化程度加重,伴有COL1A1、α-SMA和TGF-β1表达水平升高(P<0.05),血清和BALF乳酸浓度升高(P<0.05)。②与Con组比较,Lac_(10)组和Lac_(20)组细胞培养上清液中TGF-β1、PICP含量升高(P<0.05),细胞中COL1A1和α-SMA表达水平升高(P<0.05),免疫荧光观察到α-SMA在细胞内表达增多(P>0.05)。③与Lac_(20)组比较,Lac_(20)+SB组细胞COL1A1和α-SMA表达水平降低(P<0.05)。结论机械通气可以通过乳酸-TGF-β1途径活化肺成纤维细胞,引起胶原蛋白分泌,促进机械通气相关性肺纤维化进程。     

PFKFB3参与脂多糖诱导肺成纤维细胞及肺组织有氧糖酵解的观察性研究

目的:观察脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导肺成纤维细胞及肺组织有氧糖酵解关键酶6-磷酸果糖-2-激酶/果糖-2,6-二磷酸酶3(6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3,PFKFB3)表达及其与有氧糖酵解的关系,探讨在LPS诱导肺纤维化过程中肺成纤维细胞和肺组织有氧糖酵解的潜在机制。方法:将人胚肺成纤维细胞MRC-5细胞系采用随机数字表法分为PBS对照组(PBS组)和LPS组(每组3孔),Western blot检测LPS刺激细胞6h后PFKFB3表达情况,同时免疫荧光显示PFKFB3在细胞内的定位情况;于LPS刺激后48 h采用海马细胞能量代谢仪检测细胞耗氧率(oxygen consumption rate,OCR)和产酸率(extracellular acidification rate,ECAR),并采用比色法检测有氧糖酵解产物乳酸产生情况,同时Western blot检测LPS刺激48 h后Ⅰ型胶原蛋白合成情况。将24只C57BL/6小鼠按随机数字表法分为生理盐水对照组(C组)、LPS组(L组),每组12只,L组、C组连续5d分别腹腔注射5 mg/kg LPS、等容量生理盐水;每组各6只于造模后第7天无痛处死小鼠,取血浆和肺组织,Western blot和免疫荧光检测各组肺组织中PFKFB3表达情况,比色法检测各组小鼠血浆中乳酸的含量;剩余小鼠于造模后第28天取肺组织,一侧肺通过Western blot检测肺组织Ⅰ型胶原蛋白合成情况,另一侧肺做石蜡切片进行病理学检测。结果:与PBS组比较,LPS刺激细胞6h后PFKFB3表达明显升高(P<0.05);LPS刺激细胞48 h后,与PBS组比较,LPS组细胞耗氧率降低、产酸率增加,代谢产物乳酸含量明显升高(P<0.05),同时细胞Ⅰ型胶原蛋白合成显著增加(P<0.05)。与C组比较,L组小鼠腹腔注射LPS 7 d后肺组织中PFKFB3表达明显升高(P<0.05),血浆乳酸含量明显升高(P<0.05);LPS注射28 d后,L组小鼠Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05),肺组织出现明显纤维化。结论:在LPS诱导的肺纤维化过程中,LPS可诱导肺成纤维细胞和肺组织中PFKFB3蛋白表达,该过程与其有氧糖酵解过程相关,PFKFB3的表达上调可能是LPS诱导肺成纤维细胞和肺组织有氧糖酵解和肺纤维化的关键环节。     

RhoA-Rock信号通路在转化生长因子β1诱导大鼠腹膜间皮细胞转分化中的作用

目的　探讨RhoA-Rock信号通路在转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）诱导大鼠腹膜间皮细胞（RPMC）转分化中的作用。 方法　体外培养SD大鼠原代腹膜间皮细胞,静止24 h后,采用随机数字表法随机分为以下4组：正常对照组、TGF-β1（10 μg/L）刺激组、TGF-β1（10 μg/L）＋Y-27632（Rock特异性抑制剂,10 μmol/L）组（Y-27632预处理2 h）、Y-27632（10 μmol/L）组。用TGF-β1（10 μg/L）刺激RPMC不同时间,观察α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）,E钙黏素（E-cadherin）、Ⅰ型胶原（ColⅠ）的表达。RT-PCR法检测E-cadherin、α-SMA 和ColⅠmRNA表达。Western印迹法检测RhoA（包括总RhoA及活化的RhoA）、E-cadherin、α-SMA、ColⅠ和波形蛋白（vimentin）表达。活化的RhoA由膜蛋白提取试剂盒提取。 结果 （1）TGF-β1（10 μg/L）刺激RPMC能诱导RhoA活化,于10 min开始出现活性升高,为对照组的（2.57±0.52）倍（P < 0.05）;1 h达高峰,为对照组的（4.35±0.41）倍（P < 0.05）。（2）TGF-β1（10 μg/L）刺激RPMC能导致E-cadherin mRNA和蛋白表达下调,α-SMA、ColⅠmRNA和蛋白表达上调,呈时间依赖性。（3）Rock特异性抑制剂Y-27632能显著下调α-SMA、ColⅠmRNA的表达,较TGF-β1刺激组各降低了53.8%和55.7%（均P < 0.05）,并且能下调α-SMA、ColⅠ和vimentin蛋白的表达,较TGF-β1刺激组分别降低了42.6%、60.1%和58.1%（均P < 0.05）,但不能上调E-cadherin mRNA和蛋白的表达。 结论　TGF-β1可通过RhoA-Rock信号通路介导大鼠腹膜间皮细胞转分化,抑制该通路可作为防治腹膜纤维化的潜在靶点。     

HGF拮抗TGF-β1诱导腱鞘成纤维细胞α-SMA及细胞外基质合成

目的 研究HGF能否阻抑TGF-β1诱导的腱鞘成纤维细胞α-SMA及细胞外基质过度合成.方法 选取成年新西兰大白兔7只,体重3.75～4.00 kg,无菌切取前肢中趾趾深屈肌腱,进行腱鞘成纤维细胞的分离和培养,待细胞生长成单层后,以胰蛋白酶消化传代.取第3代成纤维细胞用于实验,当细胞达到70%融合时,培养液中加入TGF-β1(5 ng/ml)及HGF(10～40 ng/ml).培养72 h后,利用Westernblot检测α-SMA表达;ELISA测定细胞Ⅰ型胶原及纤维结合素的表达.结果 TGF-β1能显著诱导α-SMA表达,半定量分析提示,TGF-β1作用后的成纤维细胞α-SMA表达量是对照组的1.8倍.随HGF的同时加入,α-SMA的表达则明显受抑制(P＜0.05),且随HGF浓度的升高其阻抑作用呈逐渐增强趋势.TGF-β1同样能诱导Ⅰ型胶原及纤维结合素的表达(P＜0.01),而HGF则可以有效地阻抑其表达,其效应呈剂量依赖性(P＜0.05).结论 HGF可以有效阻抑TGF-β1诱导的腱鞘成纤维细胞α-SMA、Ⅰ型胶原及纤维结合素的表达,这为利用HGF预防和治疗屈指肌腱损伤后粘连及瘢痕在细胞和分子水平提供了依据.