肌肉骨骼疾患危险因素的现场评价

目的 探讨职业接触快速检查表(Quick Exposure Check,QEC)在肌肉骨骼疾患危险因素现场研究中的可使用性.方法 在某造船厂和汽车制造厂,应用QEC观察不同工种工人的操作,评价其劳动负荷.根据调查结果 评价QEC的可信度,并分析劳动负荷QEC分值与工人肌肉骨骼疾患患病率间的关系.结果 观察者之间可信度组内相关系数(ICC)为0.737～1.000,不同观察者之间可信度Spearman系数为0.605～1.000.不同工种危险因素接触水平(QEC总分)在造船厂是管工＞装配工＞电焊工;在汽车厂为电焊工＞冲压工＞机加工＞铸造工＞装配工.身体某部位QEC分值与其年患病率相关分析表明,肩、手腕、背(静态活动)接触水平与其患病率有密切关系(r2值分别为0.670、0.740、0.958,P＜0.05).结论 QEC在造船和汽车制造厂可用于接触肌肉骨骼疾患危险因素的现场评价,方法 具有可信度,且接触水平与患病率密切相关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the usability of quick exposure check (Quick Exposure Check,QEC) for the field assessment of occupational musculoskeletal disorder risk factors. Method In the shipyard and automobile manufacturing plants, QEC was used to observe the operations among workers with different jobs and to assess the work loads of workers. On the basis of results, the reliability of QEC was evaluated, and the correlation between QEC scores and morbidities of musculoskeletal disorders in workers was analyzed. Results The inter-observer reliability (ICC) was in the range from 0.737 to 1.000, and intraobserver reliability (Spearman coefficient ) was from 0.605 to 1.000. The order of exposure levels to risk factors of workers engaged in different jobs (QEC scores) in the shipyard factory was plumbers ＞ assemblers ＞ welders; The order of exposure levels to risk factors of workers engaged in different jobs (QEC scores ) in the automobile factory was welders ＞ punching workers ＞ machinists ＞ casters＞ assemblers. In different body parts, the exposure level at back and neck parts was the highest and the exposure level at the shoulder and wrist parts was the second. The regression analysis between QEC scores of body parts and the morbidities of musculoskeletal disorders showed that there was a good correlation between exposure levels and morbidities,the coefficients (r2) at the shoulder, wrist, and back (static work) were 0.670, 0.740 and 0.958, respectively (P＜0.05). Conclusion The QEC method is suitable and reliable as demonstrated by the field assessment on the exposure to risk factors in shipyard and automobile workers, and its results is correlated closely to the disease prevalence.     

制造业工人肌肉骨骼疾患和劳动负荷及工作姿势分析

目的 分析制造业工人肌肉骨骼疾患和劳动负荷及工作姿势在不同企业、性别、文化程度、年龄和工龄组间的分布.方法 采用横断面研究设计和问卷调查方法对12家制造业企业5134名工人进行近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患发生情况调查.结果 调查对象在近12个月内身体腰、颈、肩、腕、踝足、膝、髋臀、肘部肌肉骨骼疾患发生率分别为59.7%、47.9%、38.1%、33.7%、26.9%、25.4%、15.2%、14.9%.不同企业工人身体各部位肌肉骨骼疾患发生率的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).耐火材料厂和化纤厂工人肘、腰、腕、足(踝)等部位肌肉骨骼疾患发生率高于其他企业,而服装厂和金刚石厂工人肌肉骨骼疾患发生率低于其他企业.女性工人颈、肩、腕部肌肉骨骼疾患发生率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).不同文化程度工人身体各部位肌肉骨骼疾患发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).颈、肩、肘、腰、髋臀和膝部肌肉骨骼疾患发生率的年龄和工龄组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),肌肉骨骼疾患发生率随年龄和工龄增长而增加.耐火材料厂和化纤厂工人劳动负荷大者和不良姿势者比例较高,金刚石和服装厂工人较低.结论 制造业工人腰、颈、肩、腕部肌肉骨骼疾患发生率较高,性别、文化程度、年龄和工龄对肌肉骨骼疾患的发生存在影响.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the distribution of the musculoskeletal disorders, work load and working postures in different factories, gender, education levels, age and working years among manufacturing workers. Methods In a cross-sectional study of 5134 manufacturing workers in 12 factories, the morbidities for musculoskeletal disorders in one year period were measured with questionnaires. Results The morbidities for musculoskeletal disorders in body sites: waist, neck, shoulder, wrist, ankle/feet, knee, hip/buttocks and elbows were 59.7%, 47.9%, 38.1%, 33.7%, 26.9%, 25.4%, 15.2%, and 14.9%, respectively in one year period.There were significant differences of morbidities for musculoskeletal symptoms in body sites of workers among different factories (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ). The morbidities of musculoskeletal symptoms in elbows, waist, wrists and ankle/feet of the workers in refractory material and chemical fiber factories were higher than those in other factories, the morbidities for musculoskeletal symptoms of workers in garments and diamond factories were lower than those in other factories. The morbidities for musculoskeletal symptoms in neck, shoulders and wrists of female workers were significantly higher than those of male workers (P＜0.01). There were significant differences of the morbidities for musculoskeletal symptoms in body sites among workers with different educational levels(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ). There were significant differences of the morbidities for musculoskeletal symptoms in neck, shoulders, wrists, hip/buttocks and knee among groups with different age or different working years (P＜0.01), and the morbidities for musculoskeletal symptoms increased with age and working years. The proportions of unhealthy working postures and high working load among workers in refractory material and chemical fiber factories were higher;, but those in garments and diamond factories were lower.Conclusion The morbidities for musculoskeletal symptoms in waist, neck, shoulder and wrists of workers in manufacturing workers were higher; the gender, education level, age and working years could influenced the morbidities for musculoskeletal disorders.     

某煤矿工人肌肉骨骼损伤情况及其危险因素

目的 了解我国煤矿工人肌肉骨骼损伤的流行病学特征,探讨职业和个体相关影响因素,为制定针对性预防措施和策略提供科学依据.方法 对某煤炭集团一矿区的1900名工人进行肌肉骨骼损伤的横断面调查,应用北欧肌肉骨骼损伤标准问卷调查评估肌肉骨骼损伤情况;采用logistic 回归分析法了解职业因素与肌肉骨骼损伤的相关性.结果 在过去的1年中,1205名煤矿工人自诉患有肌肉骨骼损伤,患病率为78.4%.尤其是腰痛最为常见,患病率高达59.5%.身体各部位肌肉骨骼损伤患病率随年龄的增长而升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).井下工人肌肉骨骼损伤患病率明显高于井上工人,其中肩、腰、膝部患病率的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经logistic回归分析,重复性操作和不舒适的姿势是颈、肩部和上肢肌肉骨骼损伤的危险因素;重复性操作、搬举重物和大幅度弯腰皆与腰背痛有很强相关性.下肢疼痛与长期的站立和不舒适姿势有关.结论 煤矿工人的职业因素与肌肉骨骼损伤具有很强的相关性.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the prevalence characteristics and influence factors related to occupation and individuals for musculoskeletal disorders of workers in Chinese mines. Methods In a crosssectional study of 1900 coal miners from a coal mine, the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was used to assess the musculoskeletal disorders, and logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the occupational factor and he musculoskeletal disorders. Results During the past year, 1205 miners of 1537 miners (78.4%) complained of the musculoskeletal disorders. The morbidity of lumbago was 59.5%. The morbidity of the musculoskeletal disorders in different body sites of the miners increased significantly with age (P＜0.05). The morbidity of the musculoskeletal disorders in the underground workers was significantly higher than that in the ground workers. According to logistic regression analysis, the repetitive operation and awkward posture were the risk factors for the musculoskeletal disorders in neck,shoulder and upper limbs; the repetitive operation, moving heavy substance and stooping posture were related significantly to lumbago; the musculoskeletal disorders in lower limbs were associated with the long standing and awkward posture. Conclusion There is significant correlation between the occupational factors and the musculoskeletal disorders for coal miners.     

心理因素及物理负荷对职业性肌肉骨骼疾患的影响分析

目的 探讨心理因素与物理负荷的交互作用及其对职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的影响.方法 选取653名来源于电子行业流水线作业、缝纫行业、制造行业的工人及行政管理人员作为调查对象.采用改良的北欧国家肌肉骨骼疾患标准调查表调查肌肉骨骼疾患情况,心理社会状况调查采用工作内容量表(JCQ),进行流行病学横断面调查,并应用快速暴露检查法(QEC)问卷对其进行工效学的物理负荷评价.结果 不同暴露等级下,肩部、上背、下背、手/腕的肌肉骨骼疾患的年患病率的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),同时暴露在高的物理和心理负荷时,工作人员各部位的年患病率明显高于暴露在其他等级时的肌肉骨骼疾患的患病率.调整工龄、年龄、性别后,用logistics回归分析结果表明,在肩部、上背、下背和手/腕部的WMSDs影响中可能存在物理负荷和心理负荷的交互作用(P＜0.05).结论 高物理负荷下,不良心理因素对工人WMSDs的发生造成的影响远大于工人处于低物理负荷工作时,实施工效学干预不仅要从过度负荷,不良姿势,静态负荷等物理因素方面进行干预来降低WMSD的发生,也要关注心理因素方面的干预.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the interactive effect of job task and psychosocial factors on the outcomes of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods 653 workers from different type of manufacturing industries and administration office recruited in a cross-sectional epidemiological survey. The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) was applied to assess the ergonomic load of job task, Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) for identifying psychological characteristics, and Nordic Standardized Questionnaire for investigating outcomes of WMSDs.Results The prevalence of WMSD in shoulder, upper back, lower back and hand/wrist were significantly different under a variety of combined job task and psychosocial characteristics (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ). The more physical and psychological loads, the higher prevalence of WMSDs were revealed. By using multivariate analyses, a potential interactive effect was found in terms of the WMSDs symptoms in hand/wrist shoulder,upper back and lower back after adjusted by work year, age, and gender. Conclusions Higher physical load and greater psychosocial risk are more frequent self-reported symptoms of WMSDs than those of lower exposures. Ergonomic intervention strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of WMSDs should not only be focused on control of physical work factors but also psychosocial risks of relevance.     

3家珠宝加工厂作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患调查及其危险因素分析

目的通过横断面流行病学调查了解珠宝加工厂作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患现况,探讨其主要危险因素。方法选取3家珠宝加工厂作业工人800人为调查对象,采用经修改的北欧国家标准调查表进行肌肉骨骼疾患横断面流行病学调查,分析肌肉骨骼疾患患病情况及其危险因素。结果珠宝加工厂作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患以颈、腰和肩部疾患为主,年患病率分别为29.8%、25.8%和23.1%。不同年龄和工龄的作业工人颈部职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(OMSD)年患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肩部OMSD年患病率随工龄增长而有增加的趋势(P<0.05)。而性别对各身体部位疼痛年患病率未见显著性影响(P>0.05)。颈、肩和肘部OMSD年患病率在不同工种间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。选择颈部对其OMSD危险因素进行分析显示,长时间坐位工作、颈部长时间前倾、颈部长时间后仰、颈部扭转或长时间保持、部门人员短缺等均可增加颈部疼痛的年患病率(P<0.05),可认作为颈部疼痛的危险因素。选择性logistic回归分析表明,颈部长时间前倾、颈部长时间后仰被选入模型。结论珠宝加工厂作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患以颈、腰、肩和背部疼痛为主,颈部长时间后仰、颈部长时间前倾是导致颈部疼痛的首要危险因素,应积极采取工效学手段进行干预。     

石油钻井行业工人肌肉骨骼疾患及影响因素分析

目的 调查石油行业工人的职业性肌肉骨骼疾患情况,探讨可能的影响因素.方法 选取860名石油钻井行业工人为调查对象,采用国内出版、经过适当修改的北欧肌肉骨骼问卷进行流行病学横断面调查.结果 石油工人肌肉骨骼疾患年患病率排在前三位的部位分别是腰部(50.6%)、颈部(29.8%)、肩部(23.4%),除手腕、髋臀外,其他部位的年患病率在不同工龄段的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).每周工作时间＞40 h的工人颈部、肩部、背部和腰部的肌肉骨骼疾患年患病率较每周工作＜40 h的工人高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Logistic分析显示,职业因素中工作时长时间保持弯腰姿势、长时间站立、躯干重复性的弯曲、不适搬举姿势、搬举高质量物体等是腰部疾患的危险因素(P＜0.05),组织管理因素中经常加班、休息不足是腰部疾患的危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 石油行业工人肌肉骨骼疾患比较严重,应改善劳动姿势,减轻劳动强度,合理安排劳动休息制度等,并有计划地开展一定的健康促进活动等.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the morbidity and influence factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) in oil drillers. Methods The modified Nordic Standardized Questionnaire for WMSD was used to perform the epidemiological investigation in 860 oil drillers. Results The predominant sites of WMSD in the oil drillers were waist (50.6%), neck (29.8%) and shoulder (23.4%), respectively. There were significant differences of the WMSD morbidities in all body sites except for wrist and hip among groups with different working years (P＜0.05 of P＜0.01 ). The WMSD morbidities in the neck, shoulder, back and waist of oil drillers working for more than 40 h a week were significantly higher than those of oil drillers working for less than 40 h a week (P＜0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that some occupational factors, i.e. keeping stoop and stand for long time, repeating trunk bend, keeping awkward lift posture and lifting the heave objects, were the risk factors for WMSD at waist (P＜0.05 ), also some management factors, i.e. overtime work and inadequate rest, were the risk factors for WMSD at waist (P＜0.05). Conclusion The WMSD appears to be a serious ergonomic problem in oil drillers, it is necessary to correct working posture, reduce working load, improve organizational management, and encourage a workplace health program with regular work and rest.     

某汽车公司铸造厂工人腰背痛的危险因素分析

目的 通过横断面流行病学记查,寻找汽车铸造厂作业工人腰背痛的主要危险因素,为此类疾患的预防提供科学依据.方法 在某汽车公司铸造厂对1340名工人进行腰背痛和劳动负荷问卷调查,利用logistic回归进行危险因素分析.结果 铸造厂工人的腰背痛年患病率为58.9%,其中铸造、物流和造型工种工人腰背痛年患病率较高,分别为64.6%、64.6%和62.5%.以不适体位搬举、大幅度弯腰、弯腰与转身并存及搬运重物这些负荷因素导致患腰背痛危险性最高,其OR值分别为2.085、1.961、1.967和1.956.各个危险因素在不同工种中的分布不同.多元logistic同归分析表明,搬运重物、不适体位搬举、大幅度弯腰、弯腰与转身并存及工龄和性别均被选人模型.结论 手工搬运重物、不良劳动姿势或二者同时存在是导致腰背痛的首要危险因素,应从这方面入手,加强工效学干预研究,减少此类疾患.

Abstract：

Objective To study the main risk factors of low back pain of workers in a foundry factory of the automobile company using cross sectional epidemiological investigation, and to provide scientific base for preventing the disorder. Methods The low back pain and work loads of 1340 workers in a foundry factory of the automobile company were investigated using questionnaire, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors. Results The one-year morbidity of low back pain in workers was 58.9%the morbidities of low back pain in workers engaged in foundry, transportation and modeling were 64.6 %, 64.6 % and 62.5 %, respectively. The lifting with squat postures, bending trunk heavily, bending trunk with twisting and moving the heave objects were found to be the most dominant risk factors for low-back pain, the OR values were 2.085, 1.961, 1.967 and 1.956, respectively. The distributions of risk factors were different among the different jobs. The logistic regression analysis showed that moving the heave objects, lifting with squat postures, bending trunk heavily, bending trunk with twisting existed simultaneously, also the work years and gender were the risk factors. Conclusion The manual moving heave objects, awkward working posture or both were the most important risk factors for low-back pain. The intervene ergonomic study should be performed in future to reduce the morbidity of low-back pain.     

北京市丰台区机械加工行业工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患的调查

目的调查机械加工业工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患的患病情况。方法采用横断面调查方法,对北京市丰台区4个机械加工行业工厂990名工人进行肌肉骨骼疾患的问卷调查。对可能的危险因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果 60.9%的工人患有职业性肌肉骨骼疾患,其不同人体部位的患病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=617.466,P<0.01),腰部患病率最高(45.1%)。不同工种之间患病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.510,P<0.01)。进入回归方程的为工龄、工作疲劳感、自我健康状况评价、多次重复操作、不良体位、外伤史6个因素。结论所调查4个工厂的工人存在较严重的职业性肌肉骨骼损害。     

某汽车铸造厂作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患调查分析

目的通过横断面流行病学调查了解某汽车铸造厂作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患现况,探讨职业、年龄和工龄与肌肉骨骼疾患的关系。方法选取某汽车铸造厂1 340人为调查对象,采用经适当修改的北欧国家标准调查表进行肌肉骨骼疾患横断面流行病学调查。调查中以体力劳动强度不大的办公室人员作为内对照。结果肌肉骨骼疾患依次以腰部、颈部、肩部和背部为主,年患病率分别为58.9%、54.0%、46.3%和37.5%。女性颈部、肩部和背部年患病率要高于男性(P<0.05),腰部年患病率低于男性(P<0.05);铸造、物流和机模车间作业工人腰部年患病率较高,而砂芯、物流和质检车间作业工人颈部年患病率较高,对照人员颈部、肩部和背部年患病率亦较高。此次调查结果显示,除腰部以外,年龄与肌肉骨骼疾患没有明显的关联;除肘部以外,工龄与肌肉骨骼疾患有一定的关联。作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患受累部位累积数与年龄无关,与工龄和职业存在显著关联。结论汽车铸造厂工人肌肉骨骼疾患比较严重,工龄、性别和职业是其危险因素之一,应积极采取合理工效学手段进行干预和预防。     

某油田钻井工人肌肉骨骼疾患现状及危险因素研究

目的了解钻井工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)的患病及其危险因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法进行问卷调查,用logistic回归分析多因素的作用。结果 1 516名钻井工人肌肉骨骼疾患患病率依次为腰部34.0%、颈部27.0%、肩部25.8%、背部13.9%、膝部6.2%;单因素分析显示,年龄、工龄、工种、重复性操作、推拉重物、环境条件均可能是影响肌肉骨骼疾患的因素(P0.05);多因素回归分析显示,年龄、工龄、重复性操作、推拉重物、环境条件是影响腰WMSDs的主要因素。结论钻井工人WMSDs患病率较高,并随着年龄增长呈增加趋势;年龄、工龄、重复性操作、推拉重物、环境不良条件是腰部患病的危险因素。     

电子制造业作业工人肌肉骨骼损伤与工效学负荷水平相关性研究

目的 评估某电子工厂作业工人工效学负荷,探讨其与肌肉骨骼损伤之间的相关性。
方法 采用横断面与回顾性调查相结合的方法,选择工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤快速暴露检查表（quick exposure check,QEC）和Nordic肌肉骨骼问卷,对某电子工厂作业工人的工效学负荷与肌肉骨骼损伤发生情况进行调查与分析。
结果 回收有效问卷636份,研究对象颈部、肩部、手腕/手掌和下背/腰部肌肉骨骼损伤患病人数（患病率）依次为74人（11.6%）、62人（9.7%）、37人（5.8%）、54人（8.5%）。下背/腰部患病率男性高于女性（P < 0.05）,而手腕/手掌患病率女性高于男性（P < 0.05）。肩部患病率随着总工龄的升高而升高（P < 0.01）,颈部、下背/腰部、肩部患病率均呈随现岗位工龄增长而升高的趋势（P均 < 0.05）。肩部MSDs患病组的QEC分值高于非患病组（P < 0.05）。QEC分值中MSDs患者组颈部、肩部工作节奏得分及紧张得分均高于非MSDs患者组（P < 0.05）。颈部MSDs患病率随负荷水平的升高而增高（P < 0.01）。
结论 电子制造企业作业工人肩部MSDs的患病情况较突出,与工效学负荷水平、工龄、紧张水平等因素有关,须对其采取有效的控制措施。
     

办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的危险因素分析

  目的  分析办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的患病情况及危险因素，为实施健康干预提供理论依据。
  方法  采用方便抽样法将深圳市10家企业中的514名办公室文员列为调查对象，综合北欧国家肌肉骨骼疾病标准调查表（NMQ）、荷兰肌肉骨骼疾病调查表（DMQ）、国内肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷，设计制作调查表，调查办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的年患病率；通过logistic回归分析法分析患病率较高的3个部位（颈部、肩部、腰部）患职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的危险因素。
  结果  办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的年患病率为54.12%，依次为颈部（39.4%）、肩部（36.2%）、腰部（30.9%）、背部（18.6%）、膝部（11.5%）、手腕部（10.1%）、髋臀部（8.1%）、踝足部（7.7%）、肘部（4.4%）。logistic回归分析结果显示:颈部不处于自然位置（OR = 0.893 8，P < 0.05）是颈部职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的保护因素；相比男性，女性是肩部职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的危险因素（OR = 1.162 7，P < 0.05）；经常改变坐姿（OR = 0.890 3，P < 0.01）是腰部患病的保护因素。
  结论  办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的患病率较高，患病部位最高的是颈部，其次是肩部、腰部；工作中人体保持各种不良姿势均会增加身体各关节肌肉骨骼的负担，造成肌肉骨骼损伤。应该采取相应的干预措施，降低办公室文员职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的患病率。
     

广州市某造船厂工人颈部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患影响因素分析

目的 调查广州市某造船厂工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)患病情况,探讨影响颈部WMSDs的主要因素.方法 以广州市某造船厂工作人员为研究对象,采用《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷(修改版)》调查其WMSDs患病情况,运用多因素logistic回归...     

某汽车零部件生产企业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤影响因素分析

目的 分析某汽车零部件生产企业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)的患病情况及其影响因素.方法 选择某汽车零部件生产企业831名作业人员为研究对象,采用《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷(改良版)》调查其WMSDs患病情况,采用logistic回归分析...     

Prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal disorders in New Zealand nurses, postal workers and office workers

Objectives: To describe the prevalence, characteristics and impact of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in New Zealand nurses, postal workers and office workers.
Methods: A postal survey asked participants about MSDs, (low back, neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand or knee pain lasting longer than one day), and demographic, physical and psychosocial factors. Nurses were randomly selected from the Nursing Council database, postal workers from their employer's database and office workers from the 2005 electoral roll.
Results: The response rate of potentially eligible participants was 58% (n=443). Participants were aged 20–59 years; 86% were female. Over the 12 months prior to the survey 88% of respondents had at least one MSD lasting longer than a day and 72% reported an MSD present for at least seven days. Of the 1,003 MSDs reported, 18% required time off work and 24% required modified work duties. In the month prior to the survey 17% of MSDs made functional tasks difficult or impossible. Low back, neck and shoulder pain prevalence did not differ by occupation. Postal workers had the highest prevalence of elbow and wrist/hand pain; nurses of knee pain.
Conclusions: The high prevalence of MSDs among these workers indicates that they are indeed in 'at risk' occupations. In each occupational group MSDs encompass a range of anatomical sites, however the overall pattern of MSDs differs by occupation. MSDs have a significant impact on activities at work and home.
Implications: Primary and secondary prevention strategies should encompass a range of anatomical sites and specifically target different occupational groups.     

广州市某啤酒制造厂工人颈肩背多部位肌肉骨骼疾患危险因素研究

目的 调查啤酒制造厂工人多部位工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患（work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs）的现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 采用横断面调查方法,于2021年9月以广州市某啤酒制造厂的501名员工为研究对象,使用中文版《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》调查WMSDs患病现状,应用多因素logistic回归方法分析颈、肩、背多部位WMSDs的危险因素。结果 啤酒制造厂员工WMSDs总患病率达39.7%,其中各部位患病率较高的是颈部27.1%、肩部25.0%、下背部24.0%和上背部23.2%。工人单一部位WMSDs患病率为10.8%,多部位WMSDs患病率为28.9%,2个部位同时患病的比例是3.8%,3个部位同时患病的比例是4.4%,4个部位同时患病的比例是16.4%,5个及以上部位同时患病的比例为4.6%,其中颈、肩、上背、下背4个部位同时患病的比例为17.8%(89/501),上肢部位（肘部、手腕部）同时患病的比例为3.2%(16/501),下肢部位（腿部、膝部、踝部）同时患病的比例为2.2%(11/501)。多因素logistic回归分析结果...     

某家具制造企业工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患调查分析

目的 调查某家具制造企业工人肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders, WMSDs)的患病情况和特征。
方法 选取某家具制造企业437名工人为研究对象, 采用横断面调查方法调查工人肌肉骨骼疾患患病情况。
结果 WMSDs年患病率为32.27%, 以下背(腰)部、颈部和肩部为主, 年患病率分别为11.21%、9.84%和7.78%。男性以下背(腰)部疾患年患病率最高(10.27%), 女性以颈部和下背(腰)部疾患年患病率最高(均为16.42%)。女性颈部和手腕/手疾患年患病率均高于男性, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。颈部疾患的年患病率在各段工龄之间比较, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05), 且患病率有随工龄增加而升高的趋势(P < 0.05)。手工搬举重物者颈部WMSDs年患病率(17.95%)高于不搬举重物者(8.08%)(P < 0.01), 工作台座椅与个人尺寸不相符者颈部WMSDs年患病率高于工作台座椅与个人尺寸相符者(P < 0.01)。
结论 该家具制造企业工人肌肉骨骼疾患较为严重, 以下背(腰)部、颈部和肩部发生较多, 可能与性别、年龄、工龄以及工效学等因素有关。