肿瘤性骨软化症3例并文献复习

目的分析肿瘤性骨软化症的临床特点,以提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析近1年确诊的3例肿瘤性骨软化症患者的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果 3例患者均表现为全身骨痛、身高缩短和活动困难,实验室检查提示低血磷和高骨转换,影像学检查提示骨质疏松、骨软化和假性骨折,2例经PET-CT等影像学检查、1例经查体发现肿瘤,均予手术切除后病理证实,3例患者术后血磷均显著上升。结论肿瘤性骨软化症有典型临床特点,切除肿瘤后可治愈。及早明确肿瘤位置是关键,仔细查体和PET-CT等影像学检查对肿瘤的发现和定位具有重要意义。     

肿瘤性骨软化症3例并文献复习

目的分析肿瘤性骨软化症的临床特点,以提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析近1年确诊的3例肿瘤性骨软化症患者的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果 3例患者均表现为全身骨痛、身高缩短和活动困难,实验室检查提示低血磷和高骨转换,影像学检查提示骨质疏松、骨软化和假性骨折,2例经PET-CT等影像学检查、1例经查体发现肿瘤,均予手术切除后病理证实,3例患者术后血磷均显著上升。结论肿瘤性骨软化症有典型临床特点,切除肿瘤后可治愈。及早明确肿瘤位置是关键,仔细查体和PET-CT等影像学检查对肿瘤的发现和定位具有重要意义。     

肿瘤性骨软化症1例并文献复习

目的:通过典型病例了解肿瘤性骨软化症(TIO)的临床特点及诊疗方法,提高对TIO的认识水平。方法:对1例TIO患者的临床资料进行整理和分析,并复习相关文献。结果:此例患者表现为全身骨关节痛、活动障碍、血磷下降、肾小管磷重吸收率下降,经68Ga-TATE PET/CT及18-FDG PET/CT检查发现右肛周肿瘤,手术后第2天血磷恢复正常,病理报告为磷酸盐尿性间叶组织肿瘤。结论:对临床表现为全身骨痛、低血磷、肾小管磷重吸收率下降的患者,需高度怀疑TIO,建议积极行影像学检查寻找肿瘤病灶。     

肿瘤性低血磷性骨软化症一例

患者,男性,36岁.4年前因髋部疼痛就诊,行腰椎CT及MRI检查、双髋部CT检查及四肢肌电图检查均未见异常,期间静滴鹿瓜多肽改善骨代谢治疗后效果不佳.4年后因外伤致右侧股骨颈骨折,并同时出现双肩、双肘、双膝、双踝关节疼痛、僵硬,多关节骨骼畸形.外院查抗＂O＂、红细胞沉降率及类风湿因子、肝肾功能、尿本周蛋白及甲状旁腺激素等均正常.多次查血磷低、血钙正常,血清碱性磷酸酶升高.     

肿瘤源性骨软化症的临床特征

目的分析肿瘤源性骨软化症(tumor-induced osteomalacia,TIO)患者的临床特点、诊断、病理及手术后情况,以提高临床对TIO的认识.方法收集并整理2008年1月至12月于解放军总医院就诊的14例肿瘤源性骨软化症患者的病史、一般情况、临床表现、辅助检查、病理及术后情况.结果患者平均病程为(3.0±3.8)年,临床症状以骨痛(14/14,100%)和乏力(6/14,42.9%)最常见,部分患者有病理性骨折,在确诊前均有误诊病史.生化特点以低血磷(0.43±0.12)mmol/L、高尿磷(13.71±5.32)mmol/L 24 h、血碱性磷酸酶升高(309.30±146.41)U/L和正常血钙(2.19±0.13 mmol/L)为主.定位诊断中,99Tcm-奥曲肽SPECT/CT扫描和68 Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT阳性率均较高(100%),并经相应部位的CT、MRI或超声检查证实.肿瘤分布在全身不同部位的软组织(4/14,28.6%)或骨组织(10/14,71.4%)中.手术切除肿瘤后,血磷平均恢复时间为(6.4±2.3)d.1例因病灶难以完全切除,术后未缓解.2例患者术后出现复发.结论TIO起病隐匿,症状不具有特异性,容易被误诊.99 Tcm-奥曲肽SPECT/CT扫描或68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT检查对定位诊断效率较高.手术治疗可以治愈TIO,但远期仍可能复发,需要定期随访.     

肿瘤源性骨软化症的临床特征

目的分析肿瘤源性骨软化症(tumor-induced osteomalacia,TIO)患者的临床特点、诊断、病理及手术后情况,以提高临床对TIO的认识。方法收集并整理2008年1月至12月于解放军总医院就诊的14例肿瘤源性骨软化症患者的病史、一般情况、临床表现、辅助检查、病理及术后情况。结果患者平均病程为(3. 0±3. 8)年,临床症状以骨痛(14/14,100%)和乏力(6/14,42. 9%)最常见,部分患者有病理性骨折,在确诊前均有误诊病史。生化特点以低血磷(0. 43±0. 12) mmol/L、高尿磷(13. 71±5. 32) mmol/L 24 h、血碱性磷酸酶升高(309. 30±146. 41) U/L和正常血钙(2. 19±0. 13 mmol/L)为主。定位诊断中,99Tcm-奥曲肽SPECT/CT扫描和68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT阳性率均较高(100%),并经相应部位的CT、MRI或超声检查证实。肿瘤分布在全身不同部位的软组织(4/14,28. 6%)或骨组织(10/14,71. 4%)中。手术切除肿瘤后,血磷平均恢复时间为(6. 4±2. 3) d。1例因病灶难以完全切除,术后未缓解。2例患者术后出现复发。结论TIO起病隐匿,症状不具有特异性,容易被误诊。99Tcm-奥曲肽SPECT/CT扫描或68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT检查对定位诊断效率较高。手术治疗可以治愈TIO,但远期仍可能复发,需要定期随访。     

肿瘤性骨软化症并发肺栓塞临床特点及诊治：2例报道并文献复习

目的 通过复习肿瘤性骨软化症（tumor induced osteomalacia,TIO）并发深静脉血栓形成（deep vein thrombosis,DVT）、肺栓塞（pulmonary embolism,PE）病例,以提高对该罕见病及其严重并发症的认识。方法 分析2例TIO并发下肢DVT、PE患者的临床特点、诊治经过及结局,并进行文献复习及总结。结果 患者1,男性,46岁;患者2,女性,52岁。病程均为2年余。临床表现为全身骨痛、乏力、活动困难,血液生物化学检查示低磷血症、碱性磷酸酶升高、磷廓清指数降低,影像学检查发现骨密度减低及致病肿瘤,2例患者确诊TIO;2例患者均有D-二聚体升高,临床评分提示PE可能,经深静脉彩超、CT肺动脉显影明确诊断并发DVT、PE。予抗凝治疗,植入下腔静脉滤器后行肿瘤切除术,患者TIO治愈,随访无再发血栓。结合文献检索到的1例维生素D缺乏性骨软化症并发DVT、致死性PE的老年患者分析,3例静脉血栓栓塞症共同危险因素为制动、骨折、年龄>40岁;肺栓塞症状轻重程度不一,隐匿者可无症状或仅有轻度胸闷、气短,严重者可发生急性呼吸循环骤停。结论 TIO并发DVT、PE为临床疑难重症,可能危及患者生命,临床评分联合D-二聚体筛查有重要参考价值,深静脉彩超、CT肺动脉显影可明确诊断,早期识别、及时治疗和多科协作是改善患者临床结局的关键。     

肿瘤相关性低磷骨软化症的诊疗进展

肿瘤相关性低磷骨软化症是一种由于肿瘤分泌过多的利磷因子,如成纤维细胞生长因子-23(FGF-23)等,引起肾脏排磷增多造成的获得性代谢性骨病.肿瘤多来源于间叶组织,位于骨或软组织内,位置隐匿.临床表现为随病程进展逐渐加重的骨骼疼痛、活动受限、肌无力等.骨X线摄片可见骨密度普遍降低,骨小梁影模糊.本病为一种少见病,临床表现复杂多变,患者就诊科室分散,因此误诊、误治率高.但是通过积极的定性和定位检查,明确定位肿瘤,手术全切后可以痊愈.     

低磷血症-骨软化-右股骨头占位

肿瘤相关性低血磷性骨软化症为罕见疾病。本文报道1例39岁男性,10余年前起逐渐出现乏力、多部位骨痛,进行性加重的活动困难,辅助检查提示低血磷,高尿磷,血钙正常,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)轻度增高,血pH正常,影像学有骨质疏松及骨软化表现,可见肋骨多发骨折,椎体双凹变。诊断为低血磷性骨软化症,因其成年起病,且无家族史,考虑肿瘤相关性低血磷性骨软化症可能性大,分别于2004年及2006年2次住院均未能明确定位诊断,对症服用中性磷制剂后症状明显改善。2010年第3次入院后通过PET-CT、奥曲肽显像及CT检查发现右股骨头内有占位性病变,行手术切除,术后血磷恢复正常,临床症状改善,病理学检查证实为磷酸盐尿性间叶组织肿瘤。     

Technetium-99m human immunoglobulin imaging in patients with subacromial impingement or adhesive capsulitis

Although recognised as useful in detecting soft-tissue inflammation and infection, technetium-99m human immunoglobulin (Tc-99m HIG) has not been widely studied in evaluating regional inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions. Tc-99m HIG scintigraphy was undertaken for consecutive patients referred to a rheumatology clinic with unilateral shoulder pain, diagnosed with either subacromial impingement (n=12) or adhesive capsulitis (n=4) from clinical examination, radiographic, and in some cases arthrographic findings. In all patients there were no differences in Tc-99m HIG images between symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders. The findings are discussed, with reference to patterns of tissue inflammation which have been associated with each of the two conditions and in the context of patients referred to hospital relatively late after onset of symptoms (4–6 months).     

Left maxillary sinus tumour‐induced hypophosphataemic osteomalacia and combined with thyroid papillary carcinoma: a case report and literature review

Tumour‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare disease characterised by hypophosphataemia and clinical symptoms of osteomalacia. Herein we report the case of a 29‐year‐old man who was admitted to hospital with progressive bone pain and was diagnosed with TIO caused by maxillary sinus tumours. In the preoperative evaluation, it was found that the patient had thyroid malignant tumours at the same time. Two operations were performed separately on the left maxillary sinus tumour and thyroid tumour after complete examination. After tumour resections, the symptoms of bone pain were relieved and the level of blood phosphorus was restored, long‐term replacement therapy was needed for thyroid. When a patient is diagnosed with TIO, it is necessary to screen for the presence of other malignant tumours and explore the treatment options in order to benefit patients preferably.     

Adenosine Technetium-99m sestamibi (SPECT) for the early assessment of jeopardized myocardium after acute myocardial infarction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of adenosineTc-99m sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) in the detection of jeoparidized myocardium early afteracute myocardial infarction. Coronary arteriography and myocardialscintigraphy were performed in 50 consecutive patients withan uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Myocardium was consideredjeopardized if a significant infarct-related vessel stenosis(> 50% diameter stenosis) supplied an infarct area with residualviable tissue. Perfusion reversibility in the infarct regionoccurred in 25 patients (50%) and was almost solely observedin the presence of jeopardized myocardium. Non-reversible perfusion defects in the infarct region werefound in patients without jeopardized myocardium. This subgroupconsisted of either patients without significant vessel stenosisor patients without significant residual viability in the infarctregion. Adenosine Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT had an accuracy of88% for the detection of jeopardized myocardium. Side effectsduring adenosine infusion were frequently observed but welltolerated. These results suggest that adenosine Tc-99m sestamibi SPECTis an accurate non-invasive method for detecting jeopardizedmyocardium after acute myocardial infarction and may be a valuablenon-invasive test for the early selection of patients at riskfor future ischaemic events.     

Value of 99mTc-IgG scintigraphy in the prediction of joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of recent onset

The ability of technetium-99m-labelled polyclonal human immunoglobulin G (^99mTc-IgG) scintigraphy to predict joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated in this study. The progression of radiographically determined joint destruction in wrists, hands and feet was compared with the results of physical and laboratory examination, as well as ^99mTc-IgG scintigraphy, measured at the beginning of a year-long study on 30 patients with RA of recent onset. The sensitivity of joint swelling in predicting the progression of radiographically determined joint destruction ranged between 57% and 74%. The sensitivity of ^99mTc-IgG scintigraphy ranged between 71% and 100%. The specificity and positive predictive value both of joint swelling and ^99mTc-IgG scintigraphy were low. Multiple regression analysis showed that for the total joint score, and for the metacarpophalangeal and forefeet joints, progression of radiographically determined joint destruction was primarily predicted by ^99mTc-IgG scintigraphy. Joint swelling, ESR and IgM rheumatoid factor did not contribute to this prediction. We concluded that ^99mTc-IgG scintigraphy is superior to conventional clinical and laboratory measurements in RA with respect to prediction of joint destruction.     

Usefulness of Technetium-99m Hexamethylpropylene Amine Oxime Lung Scan to Detect Subclinical Lung Injury in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

We used technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (Tc-99m HMPAO) lung scan to detect subclinical lung injury in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), on regular hemodialysis (HD), who had normal chest X-ray findings (CXR) and pulmonary function test (PFT). The degree of pulmonary vascular endothelium damage was represented as lung/liver uptake ratios (L/L ratios) calculated by Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan. The L/L ratios of the 20 male CRF patients on HD with normal CXR and PFT were compared with those of the 20 male normal controls. The results show that the L/L ratios on Tc-99m HMPAO lung scans were significantly higher in CRF patients on HD (1.06 ± 0.55) than those in normal controls (0.34 ± 0.09). Using a cut-off value of 0.50, 18/20 [90%] CRF patients had abnormally increased L/L ratios. Our findings concluded that the pulmonary vascular endothelium damage represented as significantly increased L/L ratios on Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan in CRF patients on HD with normal CXR and PFT. In addition, Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan has the potential to be a sensitive, objective and noninvasive method to detect subclinical lung injury of CRF patients on HD, which is different from the traditional studies such as CXR or PFT.     

The development of hypophosphataemic osteomalacia with myopathy in two patients with HIV infection receiving tenofovir therapy

We report two cases in which osteomalacia developed in patients on tenofovir-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the context of Fanconi syndrome with hypophosphataemia. Bone pain was the presenting feature and myopathy followed in one case. Disability was reversed with withdrawal of the drug and with mineral supplementation. The cases highlight the importance of considering the diagnosis of osteomalacia in patients treated with tenofovir. A possible association with incipient acute renal failure, particularly during nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, needs further investigation.     

冠状动脉心肌桥患者临床特点及随访观察

目的分析冠状动脉心肌桥患者的临床特点、冠状动脉造影结果及随访和治疗情况。方法2001-01～2004-12对北京协和医院心内科经冠状动脉造影诊断冠状动脉心肌桥的52例患者,分析其临床表现特点及冠状动脉造影结果等,并对患者进行门诊或电话随访,了解治疗情况和预后。结果52例患者中男性多于女性,平均年龄(53±12)岁,均有不同程度的胸部不适症状。冠状动脉造影显示心肌桥多位于前降支中段,收缩期管腔狭窄30%～99%。住院期间50例患者应用药物治疗,2例患者行冠状动脉内支架置入术。共随访40例患者,平均随访(1.9±1.1)年。其中22例患者仍有症状,25例患者出院后需继续药物治疗,随访期间无患者死亡;1例行冠状动脉内支架置入术的患者,术后3.3年复查冠状动脉造影发现支架内再狭窄50%。结论冠状动脉心肌桥患者多表现为非典型心绞痛症状,多数患者接受药物治疗,冠状动脉支架置入术可使心肌桥内冠状动脉血流恢复正常,心肌桥患者通常预后良好。