老年人Barrett食管的内镜表现及病理特征分析

Objective To explore the similarities and differences in endoscopic and pathological characteristics between elderly and non-elderly patients with Barrett esophagus (BE). Methods Three hundred and seventy-one cases with BE were divided into elderly group (n=254) and nonelderly group (n=117). The detection rate, endoscopic findings and pathological changes were assessed. Results The detection rate of BE was 2.9% in the elderly, and 0. 9% in the non-elderly(χ2 =127.8, P＜0.01). The 112 cases (44.1%) of the elderly had reflux symptoms, and so did 87cases (66.7%) of the non-elderly (χ2 =55.9, P＜0.01). The detection rate of BE in the two groups was increased year by year from 2004 to 2008. The detection rate of ring pattern was significantly higher in elderly group than in non-elderly group (28.7% vs. 10.3%, χ2=14.5, P＜0.01). Nonelderly patients had higher rate of island pattern than elderly patients (59.5% vs. 71.7%, χ2=4.7,P＜0.05). There were significant differences in the rate of specialized intestinal metaplasia between elderly and non-elderly patients (42.1% vs. 27.4%, χ2=6.9, P＜0.01). The difference in low and medium grade intraepithelial neoplasm between the two groups had statistical significance (21.3% vs.11.1%, χ2=4.9, P＜0.05). There were two cases with adenocarcinoma in elderly group, but no case was found in non-elderly group. The detection rate of H. pylori was comparable between elderly group and non-elderly group (35.5% vs. 40.9%, χ2=0.40, P＞0.05). Conclusions The elderly patients have the 3.2 times higher detection rate of BE than non-elderly patients. The detection rates of specialized intestinal metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasm are higher in elderly group than in nonelderly group.     

老年人Barrett食管的内镜表现及病理特征分析

Objective To explore the similarities and differences in endoscopic and pathological characteristics between elderly and non-elderly patients with Barrett esophagus (BE). Methods Three hundred and seventy-one cases with BE were divided into elderly group (n=254) and nonelderly group (n=117). The detection rate, endoscopic findings and pathological changes were assessed. Results The detection rate of BE was 2.9% in the elderly, and 0. 9% in the non-elderly(χ2 =127.8, P＜0.01). The 112 cases (44.1%) of the elderly had reflux symptoms, and so did 87cases (66.7%) of the non-elderly (χ2 =55.9, P＜0.01). The detection rate of BE in the two groups was increased year by year from 2004 to 2008. The detection rate of ring pattern was significantly higher in elderly group than in non-elderly group (28.7% vs. 10.3%, χ2=14.5, P＜0.01). Nonelderly patients had higher rate of island pattern than elderly patients (59.5% vs. 71.7%, χ2=4.7,P＜0.05). There were significant differences in the rate of specialized intestinal metaplasia between elderly and non-elderly patients (42.1% vs. 27.4%, χ2=6.9, P＜0.01). The difference in low and medium grade intraepithelial neoplasm between the two groups had statistical significance (21.3% vs.11.1%, χ2=4.9, P＜0.05). There were two cases with adenocarcinoma in elderly group, but no case was found in non-elderly group. The detection rate of H. pylori was comparable between elderly group and non-elderly group (35.5% vs. 40.9%, χ2=0.40, P＞0.05). Conclusions The elderly patients have the 3.2 times higher detection rate of BE than non-elderly patients. The detection rates of specialized intestinal metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasm are higher in elderly group than in nonelderly group.     

老年人消化性溃疡出血的相关危险因素分析

Objective To explore the risk factors for peptic ulcer bleeding in elderly patients.Methods The 414 patients with upper gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding in Xuanwu Hospital from January 2001 to January 2006 were enrolled.The patients were divided into elderly group (≥ 60years,n= 183 ) and non-elderly group ( ＜ 60 years,n= 231 ).The coexisting diseases and hemorrhage causes were compared and analyzed.Results The detection rate of coexisting diseases was significantly higher in elderly group than in non-elderly group (68.9% vs.10.0% ).The hemorrhage causes included the taking of drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or osteoarthropathy in elderly group.And the fatigue,stress and dietary upset were the main causes in non-elderly group.Helicobacter pylori infection rate was 35.0% in the elderly and 58.0% in young patients.Conclusions It is very important to promote rational use of anticoagulant drugs and analgesic agents in elderly patients for managing peptic ulcer complication.     

Predictors of response in patients with progressive IgA nephropathy treated with leflunomide and medium/low-dose corticosteroid

正Objective To investigate the factors affecting the efficacy of leflunomide combined with medium/low dose corticosteroids in the treatment of progressive IgA nephropathy (IgAN).Methods Clinical and pathological parameters were collected retrospectively in patients of primary IgAN with proteinuria 1. 0 g/24 h and chronic     

老年人消化性溃疡出血的相关危险因素分析

Objective To explore the risk factors for peptic ulcer bleeding in elderly patients.Methods The 414 patients with upper gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding in Xuanwu Hospital from January 2001 to January 2006 were enrolled.The patients were divided into elderly group (≥ 60years,n= 183 ) and non-elderly group ( ＜ 60 years,n= 231 ).The coexisting diseases and hemorrhage causes were compared and analyzed.Results The detection rate of coexisting diseases was significantly higher in elderly group than in non-elderly group (68.9% vs.10.0% ).The hemorrhage causes included the taking of drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or osteoarthropathy in elderly group.And the fatigue,stress and dietary upset were the main causes in non-elderly group.Helicobacter pylori infection rate was 35.0% in the elderly and 58.0% in young patients.Conclusions It is very important to promote rational use of anticoagulant drugs and analgesic agents in elderly patients for managing peptic ulcer complication.     

Factors associated with the overall survival of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To identify the factors associated with overall survival of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:A total of 286 patients with HCC(male/female:178/108,age:46-100 years),who were diagnosed and treated by appropriate therapeutic procedures between January 2000 and December 2010,were enrolled in this study.Patients were stratified into two groups on the basis of age:Elderly(≥ 75 years old) and non-elderly( 75 years old).Baseline clinical characteristics as well as cumulative survival rates were then compared between the two groups.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the factors associated with prolonged overall survival of patients in each group.Cumulative survival rates in the two groups were calculated separately for each modified Japan Integrated Stage score(mJIS score) category by the Kaplan-Meier method.In addition,we compared the cumulative survival rates of elderly and non-elderly patients with good hepatic reserve capacity(≤ 2 points as per mJIS).RESULTS:In the elderly group,the proportion of female patients,patients with absence of hepatitis B or hepatitis C viral infection,and patients with coexisting extrahepatic comorbid illness was higher(56.8% vs 31.1%,P 0.001;27.0% vs 16.0%,P = 0.038;33.8% vs 22.2%,P = 0.047;respectively) than that in the nonelderly group.In the non-elderly group,the proportion of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-infected patients was higher than that in the elderly group(9.4% vs 0%,P = 0.006).The cumulative survival rates in the elderly group were 53.7% at 3 years and 32.9% at 5 years,which were equivalent to those in the non-elderly group(55.9% and 39.4%,respectively),as shown by a log-rank test(P = 0.601).In multivariate analysis,prolonged survival was significantly associated with the extent of liver damage and stage(P 0.001 and P 0.001,respectively),but was not associated with patient age.However,on individual evaluation of factors in both groups,stage was significantly(P 0.001) associated with prolonged survival.Regarding mJIS scores of ≤ 2,the rate of female patients with this score was higher in the elderly group when compared to that in the non-elderly group(P = 0.012) and patients ≥ 80 years of age tended to demonstrate shortened survival.CONCLUSION:Survival of elderly HCC patients was associated with liver damage and stage,but not age,except for patients ≥ 80 years with mJIS score ≤ 2.     

Clinical features of coronary artery ectasia in the elderly

Objective To investigate the incidence, imaging and clinical characteristics in elderly patients with coronary artery ectasia （CAE）. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with CAE who underwent coronary angiography between January 2006 and December 2012. According to age, the enrolled patients were divided into two groups （elderly group, age≥ 65 years; non-elderly group, age 〈 65 years）. The clinical feature, imaging characteristics and the 5-year survival rate of the two groups were compared.Results The preva-lence of CAE in elderly patients was 0.33%. Patients in elderly group were found to have significantly higher proportion of female （30.1%vs. 10.1%,P〈 0.001）, three-vessel disease （60.5%vs. 45.2%,P = 0.003） and localized ectasia （55.0%vs. 40.2%,P = 0.003）. In addition, body mass index （20.90 ± 2.71 kg/m2vs. 22.31 ± 2.98 kg/m2,P 〈 0.001） and percentage of current smokers （45.0%vs. 64.6%,P 〈 0.001） were significantly lower in elderly group. Cumulative survival curves demonstrated reduced 5-year cumulative survival at the follow-up in the elderly group compared with the non-elderly group （88.0%vs. 96.0%,P = 0.002）. But the 5-year event free survival rate failed to show a significant difference between the two groups （31.0%vs. 35.0%,P= 0.311）.ConclusionThe prevalence of CAE in elderly patients was 0.33%, which was about 1/3 of the entire numbers of CAE patients. There were significant differences between the elderly and the non-elderly patients with CAE in terms of coronary artery disease risk factors and coronary artery ectatic characteristics. CAE might be asso-ciated with increased mortality risk in the elderly.     

老年人消化性溃疡出血的相关危险因素分析

目的 对老年人消化性溃疡出血的危险因素进行分析,为预防和治疗提供理论依据.方法 采用回顾性分析研究方法,以2001年1月至2006年1月在首都医科大学宣武医院消化科住院治疗消化性溃疡病合并上消化道出血患者414例为观察对象,按照年龄分为老年组(≥60岁)183例和非老年组(＜60岁)231例,对两组患者并存疾病、出血原因等进行比较分析.结果 老年组并存慢性疾病的检出率高于非老年组,老年组同时患有2种或2种以上的疾病者126例(68.9%),非老年组仅23例(10.0%).老年组消化性溃疡出血的诱因多与服用心、脑血管和骨关节病药物有关,而非老年组以劳累、精神压力和饮食为主;老年组幽门螺旋杆菌的感染率为35.0%,非老年组为58.0%.结论 合理使用抗凝、止痛等药物对防治老年人消化溃疡、降低病死率和改善预后具有重要意义.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the risk factors for peptic ulcer bleeding in elderly patients.Methods The 414 patients with upper gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding in Xuanwu Hospital from January 2001 to January 2006 were enrolled.The patients were divided into elderly group (≥ 60years,n= 183 ) and non-elderly group ( ＜ 60 years,n= 231 ).The coexisting diseases and hemorrhage causes were compared and analyzed.Results The detection rate of coexisting diseases was significantly higher in elderly group than in non-elderly group (68.9% vs.10.0% ).The hemorrhage causes included the taking of drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or osteoarthropathy in elderly group.And the fatigue,stress and dietary upset were the main causes in non-elderly group.Helicobacter pylori infection rate was 35.0% in the elderly and 58.0% in young patients.Conclusions It is very important to promote rational use of anticoagulant drugs and analgesic agents in elderly patients for managing peptic ulcer complication.     

Efficacy and safety of dual therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir in elderly patients

AIM To survey the efficacy and safety of dual therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir in the elderly hepatitis C virus(HCV) patients multicentricity.METHODS Interferon-ineligible/intolerant patients and non-responders to previous pegylated-interferon/ribavirin therapy with chronic HCV genotype 1b infection were enrolled. Child B, C cirrhotic patients were excluded.Patients received oral direct acting antiviral treatment consisting of 60 mg daclatasvir once daily plus 200 mg asunaprevir twice daily for 24 wk. We divided the patients into two groups of 56 elderly patients(≥ 75 years-old) and 141 non-elderly patients( 75 years old) and compared the efficacy and safety. RESULTS Ninety-one point one percent of elderly patients and 90.1% of non-elderly patients achieved sustained virological response at 24 wk(SVR24). In the former, 1.8% experienced viral breakthrough, as compared with 3.5% in the latter(not significant). Adverse events occurred in 55.4% of the former and 56.0% of the latter. In the former, 7 cases(12.5%) were discontinued due to adverse events, and in the latter 9 cases were discontinued(6.4%, not significant). CONCLUSION Dual therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir achieved the same high rates of SVR24 in HCV elderly patients without more adverse events than in the non-elderly patients.     

上海地区老年溃疡性结肠炎患者临床特点的初步探讨

目的 探讨上海地区老年溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者与非老年患者临床特点之间的差异,为提高对老年UC患者的诊治水平提供经验.方法 回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院1998年至2009年214例UC患者的临床资料及内镜学资料,通过自设量表建立数据库,以发病年龄≥60岁作为分组标准,分为老年组28例和非老年组186例.计数资料组间比较采用卡方检验,计量资料采用t检验、方差分析或非参数检验,采用Logistic回归分析进行危险因素分析.结果 上海地区UC发病年龄高峰为40～49岁,老年患者占13.08%.两组患者在主要临床表现、合并症、临床评分、内镜评分方面差异无统计学意义.老年患者在活动期外周血血小板计数增高者(75%)较非老年组(29%)为多(F=4.4,P=0.043),但增高幅度不如非老年患者明显(Z=-2.6,P=0.008).老年患者结肠病变范围较局限,以累及脾曲以下者多见(F=5.8,P=0.012).中重度老年患者采用糖皮质激素治疗者(28.6%)较非老年患者(55.7%)少见(F=7.7,P=0.007).两组死亡率分别为20.83%和2.94%.老年患者因UC死亡率显著增高(F=12.8,P=0.008).结论 老年UC患者与非老年患者相比,在实验室检查、结肠累及范围、治疗用药、预后等方面均体现出一定差异.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics between elderly and non-elderly patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in Shanghai, so as to improve the diagnosis and management of the disease. Methods The clinical and endoscopic data from 214 patients with UC,who were admitted to Shanghai Ruijin Hospital between 1998 and 2009,were retrospectively analyzed. The database was established and according to onset age,the patients were divided into elderly group (n= 28, ≥60 years of age) and non-elderly group (n = 128, ＜60 years of age), The comparisons between two groups were performed using Chi square test for non-quantitative variables, and student's t test and nonparametric tests for quantitative variables. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factor.Results Onset peak of UC was found in patients ranged from 40 to 49 years of age, and elderly patients were accounted for 13.08 % in Shanghai. There was no significant difference between two groups with respect to clinical manifestation, complications, Truelove and Witts criteria index, or endoscopic score. In active phase, elevated peripheral platelet counts were seen in more elderly patients than those in non-elderly patients (75% vs 29%, F= 4. 4, P= 0. 043). However, high level of peripheral platelet was found in non-elderly patients (Z= -2.6, P=0. 008). Endoscopic examination revealed that the colonic lesion in elderly patients was limited and was more common in left-sided colon and protosigmoid (F=5. 8, P = 0. 012). More non-elderly patients were treated with steroid in comparison to elderly patients with mild or severe UC (28. 6% vs 55.7%, F=7.7,P=0. 007). In addition, the high mortality was found in elderly patients when compared with non-elderly patients (20.8 % vs 2.84%, F= 12. 8, P = 0. 008). Conclusion The differences existed between elderly and non-elderly UC patients with respect to clinical manifestation, lab investigation, involved extent of colon, medication and prognosis.     

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in the elderly

The most frequent primary glomerular diseases (PGD) associated with nephrotic syndrome (NS) in the elderly are membranous nephropathy (MN), minimal change nephropathy (MCN), and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). In older patients MN may be secondary to drugs or neoplasia in 20 to 25% of cases. The natural renal outcome of idiopathic MN is similar in elderly patients and in those of the second age. However, elderly patients are more exposed to the extra-renal complications of NS. Corticosteroids alone do not seem to modify the course of the disease. A 6-month regimen with corticosteroids alternated to chlorambucil, which has proven to improve the outcome of MN in adults, may increase the chances of remission and protect renal function also in the elderly patients but side effects increase with age. Elderly patients with MCN are more prone than younger adults to the complications of the NS and to the development of renal failure. Only 60% of older patients enter remission with an 8-week course of prednisone, but about 80% can achieve complete remission with corticosteroids if treatment is prolonged to 12–16 weeks. Relapses are more rare in the elderly. In patients with contraindications to prolonged corticosteroid therapy, a course of 12 weeks with a cytotoxic agent may obtain stable remission in most cases. Little information is available about the natural course and the management of idiopathic FSGS in the elderly. A recent report showed that more than 40% of older patients may obtain stable remission after an initial treatment with corticosteroids for 6 months. For those patients who do not respond or have contraindications to steroid therapy, a cautious trial with cyclophosphamide may be tried.     

老年肾病综合征肾活检病理类型及血清抗M型磷脂酶A2受体IgG水平的研究

目的探讨老年肾病综合征肾活检病理类型及血清M型磷脂酶A2受体(PLA2R)IgG水平,为老年肾病综合征肾脏病理类型的非肾活检诊断提供依据。方法回顾分析2009年1月至2019年6月在中日友好医院肾内科诊断为肾病综合征,并住院期进行肾穿刺活检的老年患者临床数据和肾活检资料。结果共纳入研究对象250例,年龄平均(65.85±4.68)岁,其中男152例,女98例。(1)常见肾活检病理类型:膜性肾病154例(61.6%),微小病变性肾小球病31例(12.4%),局灶节段性肾小球硬化症20例(8.0%),IgA肾病11例(4.4%);继发性肾小球疾病中,糖尿病肾病11例(4.4%),乙型肝炎病毒相关性膜性肾病5例(2.0%),淀粉样变性肾损害5例(2.0%)。(2)对比前后5年间肾活检病理谱变化,膜性肾病(由61.11%增至62.36%)、微小病变性肾小球病(由9.72%增至13.48%)、糖尿病肾病(由4.17%增至4.49%)所占比例略有增加,IgA肾病(由11.11%降至1.69%),局灶节段性肾小球硬化症(由11.11%降至7.30%)所占比例显著下降。近5年来,膜性肾病和肾小球微小病变病两者所占比例达到了75.9%。(3)86例原发膜性肾病检测了血清PLA2R抗体水平,其中44例(51.2%)阳性,肾小球微小病变病和局灶节段性肾小球硬化症患者血清PLA2R抗体均阴性。结论老年肾病综合征中以膜性肾病最常见,其次是肾小球微小病变病,且所占比例有增多趋势。血清PLA2R抗体检测对老年肾病综合征中原发性膜性肾病诊断具有参考意义。     

老年人原发性膜性肾病肾小动脉病变的特点

目的 观察老年原发性膜性肾病患者肾小动脉病变的发生情况及其特点.方法 选取2000年1月至2005年12月在我院住院并经肾穿刺活检确诊的原发性膜性肾病患者168例,分为老年组(≥60岁)和非老年组(＜60岁),分析两组患者肾小动脉病变的发生情况及其影响因素.结果 老年组收缩压、舒张压、血肌酐水平、血尿发生率显著高于非老年组,而eGFR则显著低于非老年组.肾小球球性或节段硬化的比例以及肾小管萎缩和肾间质纤维化程度老年组重于非老年组.肾脏小动脉病变的发生率以及严重程度均明显重于非老年组.多因素分析显示,高血压、年龄、肾小管间质慢性损伤是肾脏小动脉病变发生的独立影响因素.进一步将血压正常且小管间质病变匹配的老年与非老年组患者比较,老年患者.肾小动脉病变的发生率以及严重程度仍重于非老年患者(P＜0.05),肾小动脉病变表现为肌层增厚,合并玻璃样变的比例高.结论 老年原发性膜性肾病患者肾小动脉病变的发生率以及严重程度均明显高于非老年患者,合并玻璃样变的比率高,其可能是影响老年原发性肾脏病患者预后不良的重要因素.     

微小病变样IgA肾病的临床病理特征及激素疗效分析

目的:了解微小病变样IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy,IgAN)的临床病理特征及激素疗效。方法:回顾性分析61例微小病变样IgAN患者[男性46例,女性15例,平均年龄(23.92±8.65)岁]的临床和病理特征及激素诱导治疗疗效。结果:61例患者均以水肿为首发症状,其中15例(24.6%)有明确感染诱因。临床表现主要为肾病综合征,14例(23.0%)伴急性肾损伤,5例(8.2%)伴高血压,14例(23.0%)伴镜下血尿。尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(NAG酶)(78.7%)、尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)升高(75.4%)较多见。肾小球病理表现轻微,肾小管、间质急性损伤突出,比例分别为80.3%、65.6%,其中小管中～重度损伤占14.7%。足量激素诱导治疗有效率为91.8%,平均随访(46.00±13.93)月(24～70月),复发率为76.8%。与激素治疗有效患者相比,无效患者血尿发生率高且较严重(P<0.01),血浆白蛋白相对较高(P<0.05),肾小管萎缩、间质纤维化、小动脉透明变性多见(P<0.01)。随访结束时,59例(96.7%)肾功能正常。结论:微小病变样IgAN临床及病理特征均类似微小病变,激素治疗缓解率高、总体预后好。     

Primary glomerular diseases in the elderly Glomerulonephritis in the elderly

Recent studies have pointed out that the incidence of primary glomerular diseases is similar in the elderly and in younger populations. However the clinical characteristics of the different subtypes may be different in the advanced age. Minimal change nephropathy responds favorably to corticosteroids and/or cyclophosphamide, but many untreated or non-responder patients progress to end-stage renal disease or die from nephrotic complications. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis also has a severe prognosis in older patients but some 50% of patients may attain remission of the nephrotic syndrome with a prolonged corticosteroid treatment. The responders tend to maintain normal renal function over time. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and IgA nephritis have a severe prognosis and do not respond to treatment. The clinical presentation and the outcome of membranous nephropathy are similar in the elderly and in younger adults. Corticosteroids are of little benefit while a 6-month treatment with chlorambucil and methylprednisolone may obtain remission of the nephrotic syndrome in about 2/3 of older patients. Crescentic glomerulonephritis has an ominous prognosis in older patients but some patients may improve if treatment with methylprednisolone pulses is started early. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is often associated with renal failure in older patients. The prognosis may be severe.     

Polyclonal lymphadenopathy presenting as plasma cell leukemia with reversible renal insufficiency

A case is reported of an elderly patient with generalized lymphadenopathy who, at presentation, showed a blood and bone marrow picture suggestive of plasma cell leukemia, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia restricted almost exclusively to IgA, and severe renal insufficiency. Treatment with melphalan and prednisone produced a complete remission that lasted only 1 month. A second partial remission was obtained, but the patient eventually died of heart failure. The pathological picture of the lymph nodes and spleen was intermediate between that of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL) and of the plasma cell type of giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease). The hypothesis is presented that AIL, Castleman's disease and many other polyclonal lymphadenopathies recently described in immunodeficient or elderly patients, including the present case, represent a continuous spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders due to abnormal responses to various stimuli.     

来氟米特治疗IgA肾病的多中心临床对照研究

目的比较来氟米特(leflunomide,LEF)与激素治疗IgA肾病的疗效和安全性。方法选取2004年4月至2005年10月深圳市人民医院、深圳市第二人民医院、北京大学深圳医院及广东医学院附属福田医院60例IgA肾病住院患者,将其分为LEF组36例和激素组24例,LEF组给予口服LEF20mg,每日2次,持续3d后改为每日1次,激素组给予口服泼尼松0.5mg/kg,8周后开始每2周减5mg。用药期间监测血压、24h尿蛋白定量、血尿素氮、血肌酐、血常规、肝功能、血清白蛋白、血尿酸、尿红细胞、平均动脉压等。12周后观察两组疗效和不良反应。结果治疗12周后,LEF组完全缓解率及总有效率分别为26.5%和50.0%,激素组完全缓解率及总有率分别为13.0%和65.2%。LEF组和MTX组不良反应发生率分别为27.8%和29.2%。两组疗效和不良反应发生率差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。激素组较LEF组起效快。结论LEF治疗IgA肾病疗效与泼尼松相似,且患者具有较好的耐受性,其长期疗效及安全性有待于进一步观察。     

Primary IgA nephropathy with nephrotic-range proteinuria in Chinese children

To investigate the clinicopathological features and outcomes of primary IgA nephropathy with nephrotic-range proteinuria in Chinese children. Patients with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy and nephrotic-range proteinuria between January 2011 and December 2017 were included, and their proteinuria and renal function were followed up. A total of 90 patients were enrolled, and 21.1% (19/90) of them had decreased renal function at diagnosis. Complete remission, partial remission, and no response of proteinuria occurred in 88.6% (70/79), 10.1% (8/79), and 1.3% (1/79), respectively, of the 79 patients who were followed up for 6 to 104 months. 73.7% (14/19) of the patients with decreased renal function at diagnosis recovered to normal level while 26.3% (5/19) of them did not recover or progressed to end-stage renal disease. Two patients with normal renal function at diagnosis progressed to renal insufficiency during follow-up period. By multivariate analysis, the risk for renal function deterioration was significantly higher in the partial remission and no response groups than in the complete remission group. Remission of proteinuria was important for improving renal prognosis in children with IgA nephropathy and nephrotic-range proteinuria. The outcomes for pediatric patients appeared to be better than that reported in adults.     

IgA肾病合并原发性膜性肾病二例并文献复习

目的探讨IgA肾病合并原发性膜性肾病的临床表现及病理特点.方法分析2例经临床、常规病理检查以及进一步的免疫电镜证实的IgA肾病合并原发性膜性肾病患者的临床表现及病理特点.结果2例患者临床上均可除外继发性肾脏病;免疫电镜证实,IgA沉积于系膜区电子致密物内,IgG沉积于上皮下电子致密物内;2例患者均表现为中～大量的蛋白尿,血尿轻微,肾功能正常.经9个月的随访,肾功能稳定.结论IgA肾病合并原发性膜性肾病较为罕见,临床表现更似于膜性肾病,这两种肾小球疾病合并存在可能对患者的预后并无负面影响.     

老年肾病综合征的临床表现和病理类型分析

目的：进一步了解老年肾病综合征的临床表现和病理特点。方法：对北京协和医院1980－1999年底住院老年肾病综合征病人进行临床表现和病理类型分析。结果：住院成人肾病综合征病人共513例,其中老年肾病综合征61例,占11．9％,原发病为原发性肾小球肾炎者49例,占80．3％,糖尿病肾病者7例,占11．5％。临床表现以浮肿、血尿为主,贫血的发生率为54．1％,慢性肾功能不全（CRF）为32．8％。肾活检发现,在非糖尿病肾病综合征病人用激素或激素加免疫抑制剂治疗的缓解率为47．85,有效率为30．4％,未缓解率为21．7％,一般激素或激素加免疫抑制剂效果较好,其临床表现与年轻人的肾病综合征相似,但合并贫血、急性肾功能不全（ARF）、CRF和感染的比例较高,最常见的病因是慢性肾小球肾炎,其病理类型以系膜增殖型肾小球肾炎最常见,其次是局灶增殖型肾小球肾炎,老年肾病综合征患者对激素或激素加免疫抑制剂治疗的反应尚可。