^18F—FDGPET／CT显像在鼻咽癌中的应用

阐述^18F—FDGPET／CT显像对鼻咽痛诊断、分期、疗效评价、放射性脑病以及在放疗治疗设计中的价值,并指出需要开发更为特异示踪剂以提高诊断的准确性,同时需要开展多中心研究,明确SUV值与放疗靶区勾画的关系。     

^18F—FDGPET在食管癌诊断与治疗中的应用价值

早期诊断和准确分期是提高食管癌生存率的关键，传统的影像学检查对食管癌的诊断、分期、疗效评价及预后评估存在一定的局限性，作为生物影像，^18F-FDGPET现已广泛应用于临床，现综述其在食管癌诊断与治疗中的应用价值。     

^18F—FDGPET显像与^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像诊断肿瘤骨转移价值的比较

目的评价^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET肿瘤显像与^99Tc^m-亚甲基二膦酸盐（MDP）全身骨显像诊断肿瘤骨转移价值。方法43例肿瘤患者,其中28例经其他检查或随访证实为骨转移,15例证实无骨转移。2周对患者内行^18F—FDGPET和^99Tc^m-MDP显像,比较分析两种显像结果。结果28例肿瘤骨转移患者中,^18F—FDG PET阳性26例,^99Tc^m-MDP阳性27例,灵敏度分别为92．9％（26／28）、96.4％（27／28）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。15例无骨转移患者中,PET阴性14例,MDP阴性8例,特异度分别为93．3％（14／15）、53．3％（8／15）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两种方法检测骨转移的准确率分别为93．0％（40／43）、81．4％（35／43）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论^18F—FDGPET诊断肿瘤骨转移的灵敏度与^99Tc^m-MDP显像相近,但特异性和准确性均较高。对^99Tc^m-MDP骨显像阴性、单一病灶及可疑骨转移患者,进一步行^18F—FDG PET显像,可起到信息互补、明确诊断的作用。     

^18F—FDGPET／CT诊断非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的方法和价值

目的本研究通过目测法、测量法以及模式识别方法对非小细胞肺癌（non—small cell lungcancer,NSCLC）患者纵隔淋巴结的PET／CT图像进行诊断分析,并与病理结果比较,探索各种诊断方法的诊断效能,为临床医生提供有关NSCLC区域淋巴结转移的准确信息。方法选择术前行全身PET／CT检查且经手术根治切除的NSCLC患者28例作为研究对象,由3名有经验的医生分别应用目测法及测量法对淋巴结的CT、PET以及PET／CT图像进行分析,并与病理结果进行对比;同时通过对淋巴结的PET和CT图像的提取,应用工程学一种新的模式识别方法进行分类诊断。结果CT、PET、PET／CT测量法对NSCLC淋巴结诊断的灵敏性分别为53．6％、80．4％、82．1％;特异度分别为92．2％、83．3％、90．6％;阳性预测值分别为68．2％、60．0％、73．0％;阴性预测值分别为86．5％、93．2％、94．2％;诊断符合率分别为83．1％、82．6％、88．6％;CT、PET、PET／CT目测法对NSCLC淋巴结诊断的灵敏性分别为53．6％、71．4％、69．6％;特异度分别为85．0％、82．2％、88．9％;阳性预测值分别为52．6％、55．6％、66．7％;阴性预测值分别为85．5％、90．2％、90．4％;诊断符合率分别为77．5％、79．7％、84．3％。模式识别法计算得出PET的灵敏度为88％,特异度为76％;CT的灵敏度为84％,特异度为66％。结论PET／CT测量法以及目测法对NSCLC淋巴结转移的诊断明显优于单独的CT或单独的PET;PET／CT测量法对NSCLC淋巴结转移的诊断明显优于目测法。初步探索了通过构建多分辨率直方图及支持向量机（SVM）分类判别的工程学方法对淋巴结图像进行分析,为今后多学科联合以及探索更准确的无创检查手段奠定了基础。     

^18F—FDG PET显像在鼻咽癌诊断治疗中的价值

目的：探讨^18F—FDG PET显像在鼻咽癌诊断治疗中的价值。方法：35例鼻咽癌PET与同期CT、MRI、骨ECT诊断结果比较分析，全部经病理组织学证实。结果：35例鼻咽癌PET与临床和CT、MRI、骨ECT诊断相符31例(88．6％)，诊断不符4例(11．4％)．其中真阴性2例和假阴性2例，1例ECT疑为多处骨转移，PET未发现核素浓聚改变，随访排除了骨转移；1例MRI疑为复发，PET未发现核素浓聚改变，病理及随访排除了复发：1例CT诊断肝转移，1例MRI诊断桥脑转移，PET均未发现核素浓聚改变。PET检测出CT、MRI和ECT未发现的转移灶6例(17．1％)。结论：^18F—FDG PET对鼻咽癌定性诊断具有较高的准确性和特异性，在诊断淋巴结和远处转移方面优于CT和MRI；诊断肝、脑转移有假阴性表现，提示PET应结合CT、MRI进行综合分析，才能作出正确的诊断。     

^18F—FDG代谢显像在乳腺癌中的应用

乳腺癌疾病的早期诊断是一直是临床研究的热点。18－氟代脱氧葡萄糖（^18F-FDG)代谢显像由于其功能性显像的技术特点，在乳腺癌的临床诊断应用中具有重要价值。综述^18F-FDG代谢显像在诊断和鉴别诊断乳腺癌原发灶，探测腋窝和远处淋巴结转移，对乳腺癌进行分期及预后分析和疗效评价等的应用及研究进展。     

18F—FDGPET／CT在非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移上的诊断价值

目的探讨PET／CT在非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移上的诊断价值。方法对33例术前行全身18F—FDGPET／CT检查发现肺内病灶,并行根治性手术及系统纵隔淋巴结清扫患者的PET／CT图像进行分析,记录淋巴结短径、CT值、SUVmax等,同时对患者的图像进行视觉分析,应用PET／CT综合分析法对纵隔内淋巴结进行诊断,并与病理结果对照。结果常规CT法对纵隔内淋巴结诊断的准确率为84．1％,常规PET法诊断的准确率为82．8％,常规PET／CT法对纵隔内淋巴结诊断的准确率为91．7％,PET／CT综合分析法的诊断准确率为95．2％,只有5例良性淋巴结误诊为恶性。8例肺癌伴纵隔或肺门淋巴结转移,其中5例肺癌病灶位于肺野内带。结论18F—FDGPET／CT综合分析法对纵隔淋巴结诊断的准确率较高,优于常规CT、常规PET以及常规PET／CT法（）（2=15．1,P〈0．05）;肺癌病灶位于肺野内带者较易发生纵隔或肺门淋巴结的转移。     

18F-FDG PET-CT在肾癌诊断中的应用价值

目的评价~(18)F-FDG PET-CT在肾癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析了2006年至2011年间27例其他影像学方法发现肾脏肿物患者的~(18)F-FDG PET-CT检查,并与手术/穿刺病理或长期随访结果进行对照。结果对于肾脏肿瘤,~(18)F-FDG PET-CT诊断良恶性的敏感性为60%,特异性为50%,准确率为59.3%。肾癌病灶的常规扫描与延迟扫描的SUV_(max)没有显著差异[(4.0±3.0)vs(4.6±4.4)]。FDG阳性肾癌病灶的最大径显著大于FDG阴性肾癌病灶[(5.6±2.0)cm vs(2.5±1.0)cm]。FDG阳性肾癌病灶的病理分级显著高于FDG阴性肾癌病灶[(3.1±0.8)vs(1.9±0.6)]。合并转移的肾癌原发病灶的SUV_(max)显著高于未合并转移的肾癌原发病灶[(7.7±3.7)vs(3.0±2.3)]。结论 ~(18)F-FDG PET-CT对鉴别肾脏肿物的良恶性作用有限。由于最大径越大、分化越差、存在转移的肾癌越容易被~(18)F-FDG PET-CT发现,因此对于肾脏肿物患者其仍是一项有意义的检查,可以作为常规影像学方法的有效补充。     

肾癌的CT诊断与分期

目的探讨CT对肾癌的术前诊断与分期的价值.方法收集65例肾癌的CT征像,将其诊断结果与手术病理进行比较.结果CT与手术病理符合率:Ⅰ期87.5%,Ⅱ期85%,Ⅲ a期50%,Ⅲ b期83.3%,Ⅲc期87.5%,Ⅳa期75%,Ⅳb期100%.淋巴结转移83%,静脉受侵75%.结论CT为肾癌的术前诊断与分期提供有价值的影像学征象,同时讨论了CT对肾癌术前分期的失误原因及依据.     

连续^18F—FDGPET在监测局部进展期乳腺癌全身治疗中的应用

首次诊断为乳腺癌的患者中约5％～10％为局部进展期乳腺癌。目前越来越多的患者接受术前新辅助化疗。虽然行新辅助化疗患者的无瘤生存、总生存率、肿瘤局部控制率与传统的手术加术后辅助化疗相似，但其能够缩小肿瘤，可使更多患者接受保乳手术。组织病理学反应可作为评价新辅助化疗反应的标准。组织病理学反应标准是基于残留肿瘤和肿瘤组织内退缩变化的范围而制定。获得完全病理缓解或最小残留病灶的患者较无反应患者的无瘤生存和总生存率高。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在诊断乳腺肿瘤中的应用价值

影像学检查中的正电子发射型电子计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)从解剖结构的精细图像为肿瘤的诊断提供了准确的影像依据,随着现代影像技术的不断进步,2-氟-18-氟-脱氧-D-葡萄糖(18F-2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose,18F-FDG)已成为临床应用最广泛且成熟的正电子核素显影剂,18F-FDG与PET/CT技术联合使用从分子水平反映肿瘤的功能和代谢信息为肿瘤的诊断比PET/CT提供了更为精确的影像依据,为临床提供疾病的生物代谢信息,为今后乳腺癌影像诊断的主要发展趋向提供一定的应用价值。     

脑胶质瘤１８Ｆ-ＦＤＧＰＥＴ／ＣＴ显像的应用价值

目的：探讨^１８氟-脱氧葡萄糖（^１８Ｆ-ＦＤＧ）ＰＥＴ／ＣＴ显像在脑胶质瘤中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析２３例经病理证实的脑胶质瘤患者１８Ｆ ＦＤＧＰＥＴ／ＣＴ图像,包括：ＷＨＯⅡ级９例、ＷＨＯⅢ级９例、ＷＨＯⅣ级５例。测量并计算出标准摄取值（ＳＵＶ）,病变白质比（Ｌ／Ｗ）和病变灰质比（Ｌ／Ｃ）,分别以３个参数为指标分析其在不同级别脑胶质瘤中的差异。结果：以Ｌ／Ｗ为参数在各不同级别脑胶质瘤中均存在显著统计学差异,而以ＳＵＶ、Ｌ／Ｃ为参数在ＷＨＯⅡ级组与ＷＨＯⅢ级组之间未发现统计学差异。结论：^１８Ｆ-ＦＤＧＰＥＴ／ＣＴ显像适用于对脑胶质瘤进行分级诊断,Ｌ／Ｗ是３个参数中最佳的半定量参数。     

Role of F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes （PNS） is a series of rare neurologic disorders which happen with an underlying malignancy. It has various clinical symptoms proceding to the diagnosis of tumors. Although the abnormality of anti-neuronal antibodies is suggestive of PNS and tumors, there exist many false positive and false negative cases. The diagnosis of PNS is usually a challenge in clinic. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PET/CT） imaging is an anatomical and functional fusion imaging method, which provides the whole-body information by single scan. Fluorodeoxy- glucose （FDG） PET/CT imaging can not only detect potential malignant lesions in the whole body, but also assess functional abnormality in the brain. In this review, the mechanism, clinical manifestation, diagnostic procedure and the recent progress of the utility of FDG PET/CT in PNS are introduced respectively.     

Detection and prediction of local recurrence of maxillary sinus cancer using F-18 FDG PET/CT

Purpose

The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the detection and prediction of local recurrence of maxillary sinus cancer.

Methods

Retrospectively, we analyzed F-18 FDG PET/CT images of maxillary sinus cancer patients for the surveillance after treatment. Twenty-two consecutive patients with maxillary sinus cancer, who underwent maxillectomy followed by adjuvant radiation treatment, were included in the study. F-18 FDG PET/CT images were analyzed visually and quantitatively.

Results

The median age of the patients included in the current study population was 54.5 years (range, 35–78). Seven patients (29.1%) had local recurrent diseases. Recurrent diseases show statistically significant higher values in SUV_max (recurrent: 5.09 ± 3.3, non-recurrent; 3.05 ± 0.7, p < 0.05), L/NL (recurrent: 2.95 ± 0.9, non-recurrent; 1.86 ± 0.5, p < 0.05), L/Ao (recurrent: 3.37 ± 2.1: non-recurrent; 1.88 ± 0.4, p < 0.05), and L/Cbr (recurrent: 1.06 ± 0.7: non-recurrent; 0.46 ± 0.1, p < 0.05) than those of non-recurrent disease of maxillary sinus cancer. There were no statistical differences between visual assessment and quantitative indices for the detection of local recurrence. The visual assessment was the potent predictor by logistic regression analysis for prediction of local recurrence.

Conclusion

The visual assessment of F-18 FDG uptake pattern was potential predictor for local recurrence of maxillary sinus cancer. However, the diagnostic performances were similar between visual assessment and quantitative indices. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and improve statistical accuracy.     

PET and PET/CT using 18F-FDG in the diagnosis and management of cancer patients

Positron emission tomography (PET) using 2-¹⁸F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), a radioactive derivative of glucose, is an advanced imaging tool, based on the increased glucose consumption of cancer cells. FDG-PET provides information that is not obtainable with other imaging modalities, and is very effective in the diagnosis and management of patients with various types of cancers. However, there are some limitations, such as low FDG uptake in some cancers, substantial FDG uptake in inflammatory cells, and the lack of anatomical information and poor imaging quality of PET. A recently developed integrated PET/computed tomography (CT) system, which combines a PET camera and CT scanner in a single session, has overcome these drawbacks by providing both anatomical and functional imaging at the same position. PET and/or PET/CT using FDG is clinically useful in the detection of cancer, the differentiation of malignant and benign lesions, the staging of cancer before therapy, and the assessment of cancer therapy, as well as for determining the recurrence after therapy of most cancers, including lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, and malignant lymphoma. PET/CT has become the new standard approach to imaging in the diagnosis and management of many cancer patients.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在胃癌诊断中应用价值

目的氟代脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机断层显像(18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computer tomography,18F-FDG PET/CT)检查对胃癌术后肿瘤的复发和转移有着重要作用,但对胃癌患者术前的应用价值一直以来有待明确。本研究探讨18F-FDG PET/CT对于未接受任何治疗的胃癌患者其诊断的应用价值。方法回顾性分析宁夏医科大学总医院2012-05-08-2018-12-24临床初诊为胃部病变的79例患者临床资料,并于治疗前接受18F-FDG PET/CT检查。根据患者相关的病历资料,包括性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、分化程度、病理分期等因素分别进行分组,再对各组患者18F-FDG PET/CT检查结果中的最大标准摄取值(maximum standard uptake value,SUVmax)进行比对,应用相关统计学软件进行数据分析。结果经病理学确诊,79例胃部病变患者中胃腺癌60例,原发性胃淋巴瘤17例,慢性萎缩性胃炎2例。原发性胃淋巴瘤组的SUVmax为18.39±8.85,胃腺癌组的SUVmax为8.31±5.64,两者之间的差异有统计学意义,t=4.45,P<0.05,说明SUVmax在术前鉴别两种疾病时能够提供有效的诊断价值。胃癌患者术后病理,Ⅰ期SUVmax为3.28±1.22,Ⅱ期SUVmax为13.49±9.68,Ⅲ期SUVmax为8.03±3.61,Ⅳ期SUVmax为10.20±1.91,各组之间差异有统计学意义,F=12.56,P<0.05。从而证实了在胃癌术后病理分期方面,治疗前行18F-FDG PET/CT可以为此提供可靠的半定量依据。结论18F-FDG PET/CT能够在胃癌和原发性胃淋巴瘤的鉴别以及胃癌术后病理分期等方面提供重要的诊断价值,从而更好的指导临床治疗。     

Potential Impact of Atelectasis and Primary Tumor Glycolysis on F-18 FDG PET/CT on Survival in Lung Cancer Patients

Background: Atelectasis is an important prognostic factor that can cause pleuritic chest pain, coughing ordyspnea, and even may be a cause of death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential impact of atelectasisand PET parameters on survival and the relation between atelectasis and PET parameters. Materials andMethods: The study consisted of patients with lung cancer with or without atelectasis who underwent 18F-FDGPET/CT examination before receiving any treatment. 18F-FDG PET/CT derived parameters including tumorsize, SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, total lesion glycosis (TLG), SUV mean of atelectasis area, atelectasis volume,and histological and TNM stage were considered as potential prognostic factors for overall survival. Results:Fifty consecutive lung cancer patients (22 patients with atelectasis and 28 patients without atelectasis, medianage of 65 years) were evaluated in the present study. There was no relationship between tumor size and presenceor absence of atelectasis, nor between presence/absence of atelectasis and TLG of primary tumors. The overallone-year survival rate was 83% and median survival was 20 months (n=22) in the presence of atelectasis; theoverall one-year survival rate was 65.7% (n=28) and median survival was 16 months (p=0.138) in the absenceof atelectasis. With respect to PFS; the one-year survival rate of AT+ patients was 81.8% and median survivalwas 19 months; the one-year survival rate of AT- patients was 64.3% and median survival was 16 months(p=0.159). According to univariate analysis, MTV, TLG and tumor size were significant risk factors for PFS andOS (p<0.05). However, SUVmax was not a significant factor for PFS and OS (p>0.05). Conclusions: The presentstudy suggested that total lesion glycolysis and metabolic tumor volume were important predictors of survivalin lung cancer patients, in contrast to SUVmax. In addition, having a segmental lung atelectasis seems not to bea significant factor on survival.