婴幼儿支气管肺炎与巨细胞病毒感染关系

目的：探讨婴幼儿支气管肺炎与巨细胞病毒感染关系及其临床意义。方法：采用抗体捕获法酶联免疫吸附试验（MAC－ELISA），对婴幼儿支气管肺炎559例检测血清抗巨细胞病毒免疫球蛋白的IgM(CMV-IgM)。结果：检出阳性126例（22．5％），其中0－2月和3－12月龄者分别18．6％和40．3％。12个月龄CMV－IgM阳性123例（97．6％）。结论：CMV感染是婴幼儿支气管肺炎重要病原之一。早期检测有利于诊断和治疗。     

婴幼儿支气管肺炎与巨细胞病毒感染关系

目的探讨婴幼儿支气管肺炎与巨细胞病毒感染关系及其临床意义.方法采用抗体捕获法酶联免疫吸附试验(MAC-ELISA),对婴幼儿支气管肺炎559例检测血清抗巨细胞病毒免疫球蛋白的IgM(CMV-IgM).结果检出阳性126例(22.5%),其中0～2月和3～12月龄者分别18.6%和40.3%.12个月龄CMV-IgM阳性123例(97.6%).结论 CMV感染是婴幼儿支气管肺炎重要病原之一.早期检测有利于诊断和治疗.     

甲泼尼龙对巨细胞病毒感染致胆汁淤积性肝炎患儿肝功能和免疫功能的影响

目的:研究甲泼尼龙对巨细胞病毒(Cytomegalovirus,CMV)感染致胆汁淤积性肝炎患儿肝功能和免疫功能的影响.方法:以2019年7月至2020年7月我院收治的71例CMV感染致胆汁淤积性肝炎患儿,随机分为对照组(n=35)和研究组(n=36),对照组患儿使用常规方案治疗,研究组患儿在对照组基础上联合使用静脉滴...     

巨细胞病毒感染时免疫功能的变化及其意义

目的　探讨巨细胞病毒感染时免疫变化及其意义。方法　以 2 0名CMV IgM(Cytomegalovirus immunoglobulinM)阳性的病儿为观察对象 ,另设对照组 30例。ELISA法检测柯萨奇B组病毒抗原 (CVB Ag)、IgM抗体 (CVB IgM)、巨细胞病毒IgM抗体 (CMV IgM)、EB病毒IgM抗体 (EBV IgM) ,单克隆抗体标记间接ABC免疫法检测外周血T细胞亚群。结果　CMV感染组的LAK细胞、NK细胞活性均明显降低 (P <0 .0 1)。合并其它感染原的CMV混合感染组CD3含量减少 ,CD8含量增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,CD4 CD8数值明显降低 (P <0 .0 1)。病毒混合感染并合并支原体感染组CD3含量减少 (P <0 .0 5 )、CD4 CD8数值、IgA含量明显降低 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　巨细胞病毒感染影响了T细胞亚群的平衡 ,在合并其他感染时天然免疫细胞功能下降和T细胞亚群紊乱更明显     

巨细胞病毒感染与先天肾积水关系探讨

对先天肾积水的病因研究以前主要着重于解剖和病理学方面。我们应用聚合酶链反应技术直接检测手术中从肾盂内取的尿液及肾盂输尿管连接处的病变组织，结果２５例患儿１１例检测出巨细胞病毒。对照组６例检测结果全部为阴性。二者经统计学处理结果有显著性差异。提示ＣＭＶ感染可能是引起先天肾积水的原因之一。     

小儿巨细胞病毒感染的流行病学研究进展

小儿巨细胞病毒感染的流行病学研究进展徐洪涛，温瑞福，邵济钧（中国预防医学科学院病毒学研究所，北京１０００５２）人类巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）是疱疹病毒β亚科中的成员，有明显种属特异性。人类对ＨＣＭＶ普遍易感，多数人在幼年期或青春早期获得感染。ＨＣＭＶ感染...     

HBV感染对肝移植术后巨细胞病毒感染的影响

目的 探讨肝移植患者移植术前后HBV感染对移植术后巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染及其肝功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院近两年来113例肝移植患者临床资料,排除术后1月内死亡、血型不符、失访和并发其他噬肝病毒感染患者,共有102例患者纳入.根据肝移植术前是否感染HBV将患者分为HBV感染组和对照组(非HBV感染);对于感染组患者,又根据移植术后HBV是否复发分为术后复发组和非复发组,采用免疫组化方法 检测CMV被膜抗原pp65水平,时间分辨法检测乙肝病毒抗原和抗体水平,常规方法 检测肝转氨酶水平.结果 HBV感染组(n=83)和对照组(n=19)中,术后pp65阳性率分别为84.3%(70/83)和57.9%(11/19)(P=0.024);HBV感染组中,HBV复发组和非复发组中pp65阳性率分别为90.9%(10/11)和83.3%(60/72)(P=0.843),各组间肝转氨酶水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论 肝移植术前HBV感染可以增加术后CMV病毒血症风险,而肝移植后HBV复发并不增加CMV病毒血症风险;同时,与单一HBV或CMV感染而言,两种病毒联合感染并不明显引起肝转氨酶水平的升高.     

Hepatic Cytomegalovirus Involvement in Autopsy Cases

Hepatic involvement of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was studied in 15 autopsy cases with disseminated or solitary CMV infection. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a monoclonal antibody against early and late CMV antigens, and by in situ hybridization (ISH) using biotinylated CMV DNA probes. Three cases showed cytomegalic cells in liver sections by conventional staining, five showed hybridization with CMV DNA probes and seven showed reaction with the monoclonal antibody in the liver. CMV infection was detected not only in cytomegalic cells but also in many non-cytomegalic cells by IHC and ISH, proving these techniques to be superior to routine histological examination. The inflammatory reaction in the liver was not prominent. The reason for the weak inflammatory response in the liver of our present cases, and the possible availability of IHC and ISH for analysis of liver biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from immunocompromised hosts were discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 668–672, 1991.     

Cytomegalovirus infection and cognitive abilities in old age

Cytomegalovirus infection has been implicated in cognitive impairment in studies using brief clinical assessments though findings are inconsistent. The association between cytomegalovirus infection, measured as serostatus or a semiquantitative assessment of antibody level, and cognitive abilities in a sample of older adults was examined. Cytomegalovirus status was assessed at a mean age of 70 years in 1061 participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Cognitive ability scores were available for general cognitive ability, processing speed, memory, and vocabulary. Background demographic and environmental factors included father's social class, years of education, childhood cognitive ability, overcrowding in childhood, and access to indoor toilet facilities. Cytomegalovirus seropositive individuals had lower cognitive ability at age 70: mean IQ was 99.1 (SD, 15.1) versus 102.4 (SD, 13.1) in seronegative individuals (t = 3.65; p < 0.001). The likelihood of contracting cytomegalovirus infection by age 70 was predicted by a number of demographic and environmental factors and, after accounting for these, cytomegalovirus infection (considered as serostatus) was not cognitively detrimental. Within cytomegalovirus seropositive individuals, however, higher cytomegalovirus antibody levels were associated with lower general cognitive ability.     

Cytomegalovirus infection of the lung: cytomorphologic diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration cytology

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the lung was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in a patient who underwent renal transplantation due to end-stage renal failure. This case illustrates that CMV can be diagnosed by FNAC and, when seen, must be reported in an immunocompromised host.     

Cytomegalovirus appendicitis in an immunocompetent host

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common viral pathogen. Asymptomatic infection or a mononucleosis syndrome are the most common manifestations in otherwise healthy individuals. End-organ disease is rare in immunocompetent individuals. Here, we describe a case of CMV appendicitis in a patient without an immune-compromising condition.     

白血病患儿巨细胞病毒感染的PCR与抗原检测方法比较

目的 对不同种类标本应用ＰＣＲ检测巨细胞病毒（ｃｙｔｏｍｅｇａｌｏｖｉｒｕｓ,ＣＭＶ）ＤＮＡ,并与外周血白细胞ＣＭＶ抗体检测比较,以了解ＰＣＲ方法在诊断白血病患儿活动性ＣＭＶ感染时的意义。方法 实验组为３１例白血病患儿,对照组为３１例免疫功能正常儿童,两组儿童的年龄、性别无差异。应用ＰＣＲ方法检测血清、尿液和脑脊液ＣＭＶ ＤＮＡ,间接免疫荧光方法检测外周血白细胞ＣＭＶ抗原,ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测血清抗     

Cytomegalovirus infection in transplant recipients: newly approved additions to our armamentarium

BackgroundThe burden that cytomegalovirus (CMV) portends for haematopoietic and solid-organ transplant recipients cannot be understated. Valganciclovir and ganciclovir have successfully been used for prevention and treatment of CMV infections, although with serious side effects such as leucopenia and some development of resistance. Until recently, available therapies for ganciclovir-resistant CMV have significant toxicities. Although advances have been made in the field, the unmet medical needs for effective and well-tolerated therapies are significant.ObjectivesThis review aims to summarise the current and emerging CMV antiviral drugs and discusses future perspectives in the field.Sources: We searched for relevant articles with pertinent keywords: “Cytomegalovirus OR CMV”, “Transplant” and “Antiviral”. Articles published after 2019 were given preference. Articles were reviewed by the authors for relevance and impact to the subject of interest.ContentWe outline in this review current advances in prophylaxis of CMV infection with letermovir, breakthrough CMV infections while on or after prophylaxis, the development of resistant and refractory CMV infections, and the newly approved anti-CMV agent, maribavir, in haematopoietic and solid-organ transplant recipients.ImplicationsPrevention of CMV infections after transplant has improved greatly over the past few years. Despite major advancements, breakthrough CMV infections and development of refractory and resistant CMV infections remain major complications post transplantation. We highlight emerging therapeutics that tolerably and effectively prevent and treat CMV infections, especially refractory and resistant cases.     

江苏地区中孕期妇女巨细胞病毒感染率及感染状态与不良妊娠结局的关系

目的江苏省中孕期妇女的巨细胞病毒（cytomegalovirus,CMV）血清流行率,探讨母孕期感染状态与不良妊娠结局的相关性。方法根据2002-2004年江苏省12个市县17661例孕妇的新生儿结局,527例有不良妊娠结局的孕妇纳入病例组,同时随机选取496例正常妊娠结局的孕妇为正常对照。检测孕妇妊娠15～20周外周血CMV IgG、IgM和IgG亲合力指数（avidity index,AI）。结果1023例孕妇的CMV IgG阳性率为98.7％,其中病例组和对照组孕妇阳性率分别为99.4％和98.0％（P=0.039）。病例组孕妇活动感染率,即CMV IgG＋／IgM＋,明显高于正常对照组（3.8％vs.1.6％,P=0.033）。CMV IgG AI检测结果显示,对照组孕妇AI均大于30%,说明无原发感染,而病例组孕妇5例（0.9％）AI〈30％,提示原发感染（P=O.084）,这5例母亲的新生儿均出现不良妊娠结局,包括新生儿死亡、头颅畸形和化脓性脑膜炎各1例,生长发育迟缓2例。多因素回归分析表明,母孕期CMV活动性感染是不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素（aOR 8.65,95％CI 1.85～40.41,P=0.006）。此外,母亲低学历和有既往不良妊娠史亦增加妊娠不良结局的发生风险。结论CMV感染在江苏地区孕妇人群中普遍存在。尽管仅少部分孕妇在孕期发生活动性感染,但仍是造成妊娠不良结局的独立危险因素。因此,应监测孕妇CMV感染状态并正确进行胎儿或新生儿感染风险的评估。