老年肝癌患者肝切除术后近期死因

由于老年肝癌患者各个器官的功能退化或合并有其他疾病机会增加 ,在肝切除过程中所遇到的风险比年轻患者更大 ,手术并发症和病死率高。因此 ,探讨老年肝癌患者手术后近期死因有着重要意义。1　资料和方法1 1　一般资料　 1995年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 4月在我院收治的老年肝癌病人 15 6例 ,其中行肝切除术 62例 ,年龄 60～ 77岁 ,中位年龄 66岁 ,男 5 3例 ,女 9例。术前检查 :各种常规检查 ,AFP ,乙肝三系 ,肝、肾、心、肺功能 ,心电图 ,胸片 ,肝胆胰脾B超和CT检查。HBsAg阳性 5 2例 ,阴性 10例 ;肝硬化 41例 ,无肝硬化 2 1例 ;肝功能Child分…     

肝癌患者肝切除术后液体治疗方案探讨

目的探讨肝癌患者肝切除术后进行液体治疗的合理方案,减少围手术期并发症。方法51例肝切除术后肝癌患者根据治疗方法不同分为3组：A组给予出入均衡量等渗晶体液;B组给予出入均衡量等渗晶体液与羟乙基淀粉（130／0．4）以2：1比例输注;C组给予限制剂量等渗晶体液与羟乙基淀粉（130／0．4）以2：1比例输注。结果B、C组术后第1、3、5天胸水、腹水量均显著优于A组;C组术后第1、3天胸水、腹水量均显著优于B组,B、C组术后第5天胸水、腹水量无明显差异。结论羟乙基淀粉（130／0．4）溶液限制剂量的使用效果昆著,是肝癌术后患者较合理的液体治疗方案。     

老年肝癌患者肝叶切除术的安全性分析

目的探讨老年肝癌患者行肝叶切除术的安全性。方法对我院2000年1月~2005年7月间进行肝叶切除的97例肝癌病人进行回顾性分析,将年龄≥60岁的老年患者28例归入A组,同期年龄<60岁的患者69例归入B组。对两组患者围手术期的死亡率、术后并发症发生率和平均住院日等进行比较。结果A组患者围手术期死亡率为7.1%(2/28),B组为10.1%(7/69),二者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);A组术后严重并发症发生率为35.7%(10/28),B组为11.6%(8/69),两组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。A组的平均住院日为(21.7±8.2)d(16~46 d),B组为(10.2±6.0)d(10~31 d),两组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论老年患者在术前严格把握手术适应证,术中注意减少失血量,同时注意围手术期管理的前提下,方可积极行肝叶切除术,以达到提高患者生存率、减少并发症发生的目的。     

肝癌患者肝切除术后感染并发症的相关因素分析

目的探讨肝癌患者肝切除术后发生感染并发症的高危因素。方法 80例行肝切除术的肝癌患者,根据术后是否发生感染分为感染组(n=19)和非感染组(n=61),对可能引起术后感染的因素进行统计分析。结果多因素回归分析显示糖尿病史、血清白蛋白、术中出血量、术中输血量和导流管留置时间7 d是肝切除术后并发感染的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论行肝切除术的肝癌患者发生术后感染的危险因素是糖尿病史、血清白蛋白、术中出血量、术中输血量和导流管留置时间7 d,术前和围术期应重视这些因素的处理,避免术后感染并发症的发生。     

老年人肝癌肝切除术后预后分析

目的探讨患者年龄对肝癌肝切除术近远期预后的影响。方法回顾性分析52例老年肝癌肝切除术患者,与同期215例非老年肝癌患者进行对比,结合随访资料分析年龄对近期并发症和远期存活率的影响。结果老年组并发症发生率为32.7%,住院天数(29.9±4.3)d,显著高于非老年组的18.6%和(24.7±6.1)d,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,年龄、肝门阻断、出血量和术中输血与术后并发症的发生有关。多因素分析显示,年龄、肝门阻断和术中输血是决定术后并发症的3个独立的预测指标。老年组1、3、5年总存活率分别为82.5%、55.3%、49.1%,非老年组分别为63.9%、38.2%、27.7%,老年组的总存活率高于非老年组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对老年人肝癌应采取积极手术治疗的态度。     

规则性肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的分析

目的:随机对照观察规则性肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的安全性以及临床疗效,探讨治疗肝癌合理的手术方式.方法:将38例肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的患者随机分为2组:规则性肝切除术15例.非规则性肝切除术23例,对两组病例的手术和随访情况进行分析评价.结果:两组均无手术死亡,术中出血、并发症发生率、住院时间无显著差异.规则性肝切除标本切缘满意率(大于2cm)较高,术后近期复发率显著降低,一年无瘤生存率高于非规则性肝切除.结论:规则性肝切除是治疗原发性肝癌安全有效的术式,对有适应证的病例应尽可能采用此种手术方式,有望获得较好的疗效.     

原发性肝癌切除术前后的肝动脉化疗栓塞

我国原发性肝癌的治疗已取得显著的进展,肝癌切除术是根治性治疗的最有效手段,也是肝癌患者获得长期生存的最主要途径。然而切除率低和复发率高仍是制约肝癌手术治疗的关键。近年来,以外科治疗为中心与各种非手术治疗方法优化组合的综合治疗日益发展,成为进一步提高肝癌疗效的新途径。肝动脉化疗栓塞（ＴＡＣＥ）在肝癌的综合治疗中具有举足轻重的作用。 人体肝脏接受肝动脉和门静脉双重血供,原发性肝癌的血供９０％以上来自肝动脉。肝动脉阻断后,肝癌血流减少９０％～９２％,肿瘤发生严重缺血坏死而缩小,但正常肝组织血流量仅减少…     

脓毒症相关凝血功能障碍分级评估脓毒症合并凝血功能障碍患者预后的价值

目的 探讨脓毒症相关凝血功能障碍(SAC)分级评估脓毒症合并凝血功能障碍患者预后的价值.方法 选取2016年9月至2019年9月入住温州市中心医院重症医学科的169例脓毒症合并凝血功能障碍患者为研究对象,根据28 d生存结局,存活88例,死亡81例.比较存活组与死亡组患者入院24 h内(未予治疗)血小板计数(PLT)、...     

原发性肝癌治疗方法的评价——肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌

在我国，肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌已有近50年的历史。尤其随着手术技术的不断改进，手术切除肝癌的疗效也在不断提高。近些年来，在原发性肝癌的治疗中，逐步开始采用经肝动脉置管栓塞化疗(TACE)、射频消融术和生物治疗等综合措施。但上述疗法均不能完全替代肝切除术。尤其随着手术技术的不断改进，手术切除肝癌的疗效也在不断提高。     

Safety of hepatectomy for elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

The number of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing. Characteristics of elderly HCC patients are a higher proportion of females, a lower rate of positive hepatitis B surface antigen, and a higher rate of positive hepatitis C antibodies. Careful patient selection is vital for performing hepatectomy safely in elderly HCC patients. Treatment strategy should be decided by not only considering tumor stage and hepatic functional reserve, but also physiological status, including comorbid disease. Various assessment tools have been applied to predict the risk of hepatectomy. The reported mortality and morbidity rates after hepatectomy in elderly HCC patients ranged from 0% to 42.9% and from 9% to 51%, respectively. Overall survival rate after hepatectomy in elderly HCC patients at 5 years ranged from 26% to 75.9%. Both short-term and long-term results after hepatectomy for strictly selected elderly HCC patients are almost the same as those for younger patients. However, considering physiological characteristics and the high prevalence of comorbid disease in elderly patients, it is important to assess patients more meticulously and to select them strictly if scheduled to undergo major hepatectomy.     

Preoperative predictors of short-term survival after hepatectomy for multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To investigate preoperative factors associated with poor short-term outcome after resection for multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to assess the contraindication of patients for surgery.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 162 multinodular HCC patients with Child-Pugh A liver function who underwent surgical resection. The prognostic significance of preoperative factors was investigated by univariate analysis using the log-rank test and by multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model. Each independent risk factor was then assigned points to construct a scoring model to evaluate the indication for surgical intervention. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was constructed to assess the predictive ability of this system.RESULTS: The median overall survival was 38.3 mo (range: 3-80 mo), while the median disease-free survival was 18.6 mo (range: 1-79 mo). The 1-year mortality was 14%. Independent prognostic risk factors of 1-year death included prealbumin < 170 mg/L [hazard ratio (HR): 5.531, P < 0.001], alkaline phosphatase > 129 U/L (HR: 3.252, P = 0.005), α fetoprotein > 20 μg/L (HR: 7.477, P = 0.011), total tumor size > 8 cm (HR: 10.543; P < 0.001), platelet count < 100 × 10⁹/L (HR: 9.937, P < 0.001), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase > 64 U/L (HR: 3.791, P < 0.001). The scoring model had a strong ability to predict 1-year survival (area under ROC: 0.925, P < 0.001). Patients with a score ≥ 5 had significantly poorer short-term outcome than those with a score < 5 (1-year mortality: 62% vs 5%, P < 0.001; 1-year recurrence rate: 86% vs 33%, P < 0.001). Patients with score ≥ 5 had greater possibility of microvascular invasion (P < 0.001), poor tumor differentiation (P = 0.003), liver cirrhosis with small nodules (P < 0.001), and intraoperative blood transfusion (P = 0.010).CONCLUSION: A composite preoperative scoring model can be used as an indication of prognosis of HCC patients after surgical resection. Resection should be considered with caution in patients with a score ≥ 5, which indicates a contraindication for surgery.     

Poor oncologic outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with intra-abdominal infection after hepatectomy

AIM: To evaluate the impact of postoperative infectious complications on hepatocellular carcinoma following curative hepatectomy.METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of200 hepatocellular carcinoma patients who underwent hepatectomy at our institution between September2003 and June 2011.The patients’demographics,clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative infectious complications were analyzed.The ClavienDindo classification was adopted to assess the severity of complications.The dynamic change in the neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio,defined as the absolute neutrophil count divided by the absolute lymphocyte count,after surgery was also investigated.The observation endpoints for this study were recurrence-free survival and overall survival of the patients.Statistical analysis of the survival curves was performed using the KaplanMeier method and the log-rank test.The prognosticvalue of each variable for predicting prognosis was assessed via multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.The cutoff score for each variable was selected based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.All statistical tests were two-sided,and significance was set at P0.05.RESULTS:The median age of the patients was 49years,and the majority of patients were male(86%)and had been infected with hepatitis B virus(86%).The 30-d postoperative infectious complication rate was34.0%(n=68).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that postoperative infection was significantly correlated with tumor recurrence(P0.001).The postoperative intra-abdominal infection group exhibited a worse prognosis than the non-intra-abdominal infection group(P0.001).A significantly increased incidence of postoperative intra-abdominal infection was observed in the patients with hepatic cirrhosis(P=0.028),concomitant splenectomy(P=0.007)or vascular invasion(P=0.026).The patients who had an elevated postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio change(1.643)clearly exhibited poorer recurrence-free survival than those who did not(P=0.009),although no significant correlation was observed between overall survival and the change in the postoperative neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio.Based on multivariate analysis,hepatitis B surface antigen positivity,Child-TurcottePugh class B,an elevated postoperative neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio change and intra-abdominal infection were significant predictors of poor recurrencefree survival.Hepatic cirrhosis,the maximal tumor diameter and intra-abdominal infection were significant predictors of overall survival.CONCLUSION:Postoperative intra-abdominal infection adversely affected oncologic outcomes,and the change in postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was a good indicator of tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative hepatectomy.     

乙型肝炎相关性肝癌术后抗病毒治疗的临床意义

目的探讨抗病毒治疗对HBV相关性肝癌术后的影响。方法回顾性分析113例HBV相关性肝癌并行根治性切除患者的病例资料,术后接受抗病毒治疗的为治疗组44例,单纯手术切除的为对照组69例。比较两组1、3、5年无瘤生存率及肝癌复发时肝功能的差异。结果治疗组和对照组的1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为81.8%、38.6%、26.7%和73.9%、26.5%、13.6%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.038)。至随访终点,共有88例肝癌复发,治疗组(n=32)相对于对照组(n=56)的ALT、Child-Pugh评分、HBV DNA在肝癌复发时明显降低,分别为[(38.2±20.9)U/L比(48.0±20.3)U/L,P=0.046]、[(5.41±0.76)lg拷贝/mL比(6.14±1.55)lg拷贝/mL,P=0.014]、[2.70 lg拷贝/mL比(5.23±1.49)lg拷贝/mL,P0.01]。结论抗病毒治疗能够改善HBV相关性肝癌切除术后的无瘤生存率,并有助于肝癌患者术后残肝功能的恢复,为肝癌复发的综合治疗创造条件。     

Preventive effect of regional radiotherapy with phosphorus-32 glass microspheres in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after hepatectomy

AIM： To evaluate the preventive effects of phosph- orus-32 glass microspheres （P32-GMS） in the recurrence of massive hepatocellular carcinomas （HCCs） after tumor resection. METHODS： Twenty-nine patients with massive HCCs received local P^32-GMS implantation after liver tumors were removed, while the other 38 patients with massive HCCs were not treated with P^32-GMS after hepatectomies. The radioactivity of the blood, urine and liver were examined. The complications, HCC recurrence and overall survival rates in the patients were analyzed. RESULTS： P^32-GMS implanted in the liver did not cause systemic absorption of p^32. There were no significant differences of postoperative complications between the patients with and without P^32-GMS treatment. The shortterm （six months and 1 year） and long-term （2, 3 and over 3 years） recurrence rates in patients who received P^32-GMS radiotherapy were significantly decreased, and the overall survival rates in this group were significantly improved. CONCLUSION： P^32-GMS implantation in the liver can significantly decrease the postoperative recurrence and improve the overall survival in HCCs patients after hepatectomy. This therapy may provide an innovative method in prevention of HCC recurrence after operation.     

A case of laparoscopic hepatectomy for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

Conventional hepatectomy is an effective way to treat hepatocellular carcinoma.However,it is invasive and stressful.The use of laparoscopy in hepatectomy,while technically demanding,reduces surgical invasiveness and stressfulness but still achieves complete resection with adequate margins.Compared with conventional hepatectomy,laparoscopic hepatectomy provides a better chance and situation for further surgery in the case of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.Even aged patients can successfully endure re...     

Low preoperative platelet counts predict a high mortality after partial hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To assess the validity of our selection criteria for hepatectomy procedures based on indocyanine green disappearance rate (K_(ICG)), and to unveil the factors affecting posthepatectomy mortality in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 198 consecutive patients with HCC who underwent partial hepatectomies in the past 14 years was conducted. The selection criteria for hepatectomy procedures during the study period were K_(ICG)≥0.12 for hemihepatectomy, K_(ICG)≥0.10 for bisegmentectomy, K_(ICG)≥0.08 for monosegmentectomy, and K_(ICG)≥0.06 for nonanatomic hepatectomy. The hepatectomies were categorized into three types: major hepatectomy (hemihepatectomy or a more extensive procedure), bisegmentectomy, and limited hepatectomy, Univariate (Fisher's exact test) and multivariate (the logistic regression model) analyses were used. RESULTS: Postoperative mortality was 5% after major hepatectomy, 3% after bisegmentectomy, and 3% after limited hepatectomy. The three percentages were comparable (P=0.876). The platelet count of ≤10×10~4/μL was the strongest independent factor for postoperative mortality on univariate (P=0.001) and multivariate (risk ratio, 12.5; P=0.029) analyses. No patient with a platelet count of >7.3×10~4/μL died of postoperative morbidity, whereas 25% (6/24 patients) of patients with a platelet count of ≤7.3×10~4/μL died (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The selection criteria for hepatectomy procedures based on K_(ICG) are generally considered valid, because of the acceptable morbidity and mortality with these criteria. The preoperative platelet count independently affects morbidity and mortality after hepatectomy, suggesting that a combination of K_(ICG) and platelet count would further reduce postoperative mortality.     

联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术在不可切除肝细胞癌中的应用

对于残余肝体积不足的肝细胞癌患者,联合肝脏离断合并门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPPS)可以达到快速增大残余肝体积并切除肿瘤的目的,但仍有其弊端和未知性存在。ALPPS作为肝胆领域的新技术,在问世的10余年来,其适用范围在扩展,技术得到进一步改良。概述国内外对肝细胞癌患者施行ALPPS的经验,分析ALPPS在肝细胞癌患者应用中的关键问题,探讨其在靶向治疗和免疫治疗盛行时代中的机遇和挑战。