正常国人121例视网膜神经纤维层OCT参数的特点

目的:分析OCT检测的40岁以下正常人视盘周围RNFL各参数的特点。方法:符合纳入标准的自愿受试者121例,应用光学相干断层成像仪StratusOCTTM3000,采用RNFL3.4程序对受试者以视盘为中心直径3.4mm的RNFL进行检测。资料分析应用SPSS13.0统计软件。结果:5～40岁正常人1～12各钟点位RNFL厚度(μm)分别为130.6±24.9,87.3±20.6,58.5±11.9,75.9±15.6,119.6±21.3,155.4±25.5,158.1±21.7,85.8±17.1,65.3±10.5,96.9±15.9,148.4±18.7,143.3±25.9;S,N,I,T各象限平均厚度(μm)分别为140.8±16.6,73.9±13.1,144.3±16.3,82.7±12.5;全周平均厚度(Avg)110.4±9.3μm。Smax,Imax,Smax/Imax,Smax/Tavg,Imax/Tavg,Smax/Navg,Max-Min分别为174.9±19.7,184.6±20.3,0.96±0.14,2.16±0.37,2.27±0.34,2.44±0.52,143.1±19.4μm。RNFL各参数的变异系数(%):1～12点依次为19.06,23.56,20.33,20.52,17.80,16.39,13.72,19.93,16.01,16.42,12.63,18.06;S,N,I,T,Avg依次为11.84,17.71,11.26,15.15,8.43;Smax,Imax,Smax/Imax,Smax/Tavg,Imax/Tavg,Smax/Navg,Max-Min分别为11.26,11.00,14.53,17.33,15.12,21.11,13.58。不同性别间2,3,7,10,N,T,Smax/Tavg差异有统计学意义(t=2.257～3.344,P=0.025～0.001),其余大部分参数间的差异无显著性。不同眼别间4,5,6,7,9点,I,Smax,Imax,Smax/Imax,Max-Min参数组无显著性差异(t=1.706～0.030,P=0.091～0.976),而其它14个参数组(58.3%)差异有统计学意义。不同年龄段的18个参数(75%)组间两两比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。1,4,9点,N,Imax,Imax/Tavg这些参数在4个年龄段差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5～40岁正常人OCT扫描RNFL24个参数中Avg最稳定。在钟点位中7,11点稳定,而2,3,4点变异较大。在象限平均值中S,I的稳定性好,N变异较大。其余参数中,Smax,Imax,Max-Min相对稳定,Smax/Navg的变异较大。结论:5～40岁不同性别、眼别和年龄段的正常人对应RNFL的OCT参数存在不同程度的差异。     

薄角膜正常眼压性青光眼OCT检测与分析

目的 探讨薄角膜正常眼压性青光眼(NTG)患者视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度及视盘结构的OCT特征.方法 采用OCT对21例(42只眼)中央角膜厚度(CCT)低于正常人群范围(＜500μm)的正常眼压性青光眼患者进行RNFL及视盘扫描,并根据其CCT值分为:组1(480μm≤CCT＜500μm)和组2(460μm≤CCT＜480μm),比较分析两组RNFL厚度、视盘参数及30.中心视野指数.结果 两组患者的OCT检测参数包括Avg.Thick、Savg、Iavg、Navg、Tavg差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Max-Min值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);视盘参数(垂直盘沿容积值等)、视野参数(MD、MS值)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者的RNFL平均厚度与视野平均缺损值MD呈强且负的直线关系(r=-0.602,P=0.000).结论 OCT能对NTG患者视盘及视网膜神经纤维层做出定量测量和分析,且与视野检测指标有良好的相关性,在NTG的早期诊断中有重要意义;薄角膜NTG患者的角膜厚度水平与视网膜神经纤维层缺损程度无明显相关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the thickness changes of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) with thin cornea measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods Twenty-one NTG patients (42 eyes) with thin cornea were divided into two groups according to their central corneal thickness (CCT):group 1 (480μm≤CCT＜500μm) and group 2 (460μm≤CCT＜480μm),and analysis the different results of OCT scan and visual outcome in two groups.Results There were no significant differences in OCT parameters of Avg.,Thick,Savg,Iavg,Navg and Tavg among the two groups (P ＞0.05),while Max-Min was lower in group 2 (P ＜0.05);There were also no significant differences in the optic nerve head analysis results,visual field mean defect (MD) and mean sensitivity (MS) among two groups (P＞0.05).The average RNFL thickness and MD showed a strong and negative linear relationship(r =-0.602,P =0.000).Conclusions OCT can make quantitative measurement and analysis of optic disc and RNFL for NTG patients,and has a good correlation with vision field.It has important significance in the early diagnosis of NTG.For NTG patients with thin corneas,there is no significant correlation between the level of CCT and extent of retinal nerve fiber layer defect.     

OCT在正常眼压性青光眼患者中的应用研究

目的:探讨正常人、NTG患者、可疑NTG患者视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)的变化特点并分析光学相干断层扫描成像仪(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查各参数诊断(normal tension glaucoma,NTG)的能力。方法:用OCT检查46例(80眼)NTG患者,43例(80眼)可疑NTG患者,40例正常人(80眼)视盘周围RNFL厚度,对OCT参数进行受检者操作特性曲线(ROC曲线)分析。结果:OCT参数(average.Thick,Avg.Thi)等在NTG患者、可疑NTG患者和正常人3组间差异有统计显著性意义(F=14.17-123.03,P<0.05)。区分NTG和正常人时OCT检查诊断准确性最高的参数Avg.Thi的受检者操作特性曲线下面积(AUC)明显大于区分可疑NTG和正常人时OCT检查诊断准确性最高的参数Avg.Thi的AUC(P<0.01)。结论:NTG患者视盘周围RNFL的厚度较正常人和可疑NTG患者变薄。OCT检查能够帮助诊断NTG,OCT检查区分NTG和正常人的能力要高于区分可疑NTG和正常人的能力。     

薄角膜高眼压症患者的OCT、GDxVCC检测与分析

目的研究薄角膜高眼压症患者视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)光学相干光断层扫描(OCT)、偏振激光扫描仪联合个体化角膜补偿技术(GDxVCC)的参数特点。方法收集2010年9月至2011年9月在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院眼科门诊就诊的高眼压患者38例(38只眼)的病例资料做回顾性研究。把中央角膜厚度(CCT)高于中国人角膜厚度平均值(≥555μm)[1]共11只眼,分为组1。把CCT低于中国人角膜厚度平均值(<555μm)共27只眼,根据其CCT分为2组:组2(520μm≤CCT<555μm)和组3(CCT<520μm),比较分析3组眼压和视盘周围RNFL厚度等相关检查结果。结果 3组患者的OCT和GDxVCC检测参数包括Savg、Iavg、Avg.Thick、SA、IA、TSNIT、NFI比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。所有27例薄角膜高眼压患者(CCT<555μm)的视网膜神经纤维层缺损(RNFLD),以下方象限局限性缺损多见。盘沿面积(mm2)与RNFL平均厚度(μm)呈直线相关。结论 OCT和GDxVCC能对薄角膜高眼压患者视盘及RNFL做出定量测量和分析,在高眼压的诊断中有重要意义。而对于薄角膜高眼压患者,其角膜厚度水平与RNFLD程度无明显相关。     

高度近视眼后极部视网膜厚度的光学相干断层成像测量

目的 应用光学相干断层成像(OCT)技术探讨高度近视眼黄斑区及视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)的厚度变化 方法 前瞻性病例对照研究随机选取2011年3月至2011年8月在金华市中心医院眼科就诊并行OCT检查的高度近视患者33例(33眼)和正常对照者35例(35眼),分别测量其黄斑中心凹和距中心凹750μm处的四q个方向上的RNFL厚度,并测量视盘周围12个钟点方向上的RNFL厚度,比较两组之间有无显著性差异.两组间的比较采用独立样本t检验 结果 高度近视眼组黄斑区各方向RNFL.厚度均明显小于正常对照组(t=3.08,P＜0.01),而视盘周围RNFL厚度较正常对照组有变薄趋势,但差异无统计学意义 结论 高度近视眼黄斑区RNFL厚度明显低于正常眼视盘周围的RNFL厚度有变薄的趋势,因此在对合并高度近视的青光眼眼患者进行视盘周围RNFL厚度评价时,需持谨慎的态度,0CT能够精确量化RNFL厚度,可重复性好.     

OCT测量视网膜神经纤维层厚度及视盘参数在青光眼早期诊断中的应用及意义

目的探讨光学相干断层扫描仪(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度及视盘参数在青光眼早期诊断中的应用及意义。方法青光眼患者120例(192眼)分为早期青光眼组42例(66眼)、中期青光眼组46例(76眼)和晚期青光眼组32例(50眼),另设正常对照组50例(82眼),均采用Topcon 3D OCT检测RNFL厚度和视盘参数,计算各个参数的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(are aunder the receiver operating characteristi ccurve,AROC),并对检测结果进行比较分析。结果正常对照组、早期青光眼组、中期青光眼组和晚期青光眼组的平均RNFL厚度分别为(112.31±9.34)μm、(105.45±6.74)μm、(82.19±7.28)μm、(52.48±7.85)μm;与正常对照组比较,各青光眼组的RNFL厚度差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01);各青光眼组之间两两比较差异也均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01)。与正常对照组相比,各青光眼组的视盘面积无明显变化,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),而视杯面积、视杯容积、杯盘比、水平杯盘比和垂直杯盘比均显著增加,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01);盘沿面积和盘沿容积均显著降低,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01);各青光眼组间除视盘面积外,各参数差异也均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01)。在正常对照组与早期青光眼组和全部青光眼组之间,对于RNFL厚度来说,平均RNFL厚度的AROC值最大;对于视盘参数来说,杯盘比的AROC值最大。结论 RNFL厚度和视盘参数是早期诊断青光眼的敏感指标,OCT检测RNFL厚度和视盘参数有助于青光眼的早期诊断。     

应用光学相干断层成像术检测中国儿童青少年正常眼视网膜神经纤维层厚度

目的建立应用光学相干断层成像术(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检测的中国儿童及青少年正常眼视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度(retinal nerve fiber layerthickness,RNFLT)参考值,并研究RNFLT各参数值与性别、眼别、屈光度和年龄的关系。方法选取5～18岁的正常中国儿童青少年199例(398眼),应用OCT测量全周平均以及不同象限和不同钟点位的RNFLT,7个和RNFLT相关的参数由RNFL厚度平均分析仪分析得出,分析年龄、性别、眼别、屈光度等多个因素对RNFLT的影响。结果全周平均RNFLT为(112.36±9.21)μm,上方、鼻侧、下方和颞侧的RNFLT分别为(148.73±17.06)μm、(74.84±15.03)μm、(142.08±16.03)μm、(83.82±13.53)μm,其中上方最厚,其次是下方、颞侧和鼻侧。不同性别RNFLT的3个参数间差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),分别是右眼上方厚度最大值/下方厚度最大值、左眼9点钟位和左眼颞侧RNFLT,其他各参数性别间差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。眼别对RNFLT有影响,年龄和屈光度与全周平均RNFLT呈正相关。结论本研究建立了正常中国儿童及青少年RNFLT和相关参数的正常参考值,有助于为涉及RNFL改变的疾病诊断和随诊提供标准。     

OCT检测视网膜神经纤维层厚度与视盘大小的相关性研究

目的探讨光学相干断层扫描(OCT)技术常规扫描模式检测视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度是否受视盘大小的影响,为其准确客观地应用于临床提供理论依据。方法对年龄在18～30岁的正常人118名(118眼)应用OCT常规扫描模式对盘周RNFL厚度进行检测。应用眼底照相检测视盘面积、水平及垂直直径。分析RNFL厚度与视盘大小的相关性。结果全周平均RNFL厚度值,上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧象限RNFL厚度值分别为(112.02±10.13)、(135.16±19.04)、(138.56±16.46)、(71.56±14.91)、(97.43±17.98)μm。视盘垂直、水平直径及面积分别为(1.88±0.25)mm2、(1.79±0.19)mm2及(2.67±0.44)mm2。RNFL厚度值与视盘面积有正相关性(P<0.05)。结论OCT常规扫描模式检测RNFL厚度受视盘大小的影响。     

OCT不同扫描模式检测视网膜神经纤维层厚度的可重复性研究

目的 采用光学相干断层成像扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)不同扫描模式检测视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度的可重复性.方法 采用双盲法,2名检查者对20名(20眼)正常人分别以OCT 3种不同扫描模式:RNFL厚度(3.4)扫描模式,视神经盘圆(0.98 视盘半径)扫描模式,RNFL厚度(2.27×disc)扫描模式,连续3 d测量RNFL厚度,每天每眼记录5幅图像,取其中3幅图像的RNFL厚度值的平均值.计算3 d中全周平均及各象限RNFL厚度的变异系数.比较3种扫描模式检测RNFL的可重复性.结果 OCT 3种扫描模式所测全周平均及4象限RNFL厚度的变异系数范围分别是:RNFL厚度(3.4)扫描模式:(4.57±2.14)%～(9.57±6.28)%,视神经盘圆(0.98 视盘半径)扫描模式:(1.14±0.59)%～(4.81±2.22)%,RNFL厚度(2.27×disc)扫描模式:(2.77±1.49)%～(9.52±4.50)%,且均以鼻侧象限最大.2名操作者间变异系数对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 OCT 3种扫描模式检测RNFL可重复性均较好.以视神经盘圆(0.98 视盘半径)扫描模式最优.3种扫描模式检测各象限RNFL均以鼻侧象限的可重复性最差.     

相干光断层扫描仪检测视网膜神经纤维层厚度影响因素分析

目的运用相干光断层扫描仪(OCT)测量正常人视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度并探讨其影响因素。方法运有Stratus OCT 4.0测量202例不同年龄及不同屈光度正常人(年龄8～74岁,屈光度-8～ 4D)各钟点、象限及平均RNEL厚度,建立多元线性回归方程探讨年龄、屈光度、性别及视盘面积对RNEL厚度的影响。结果①正常人RNFL平均厚度为108.63±9.70μm,下方象限RNFL(I):139.17±15.79μm最厚,其次为上方象限(S):134.61±17.80μm,颞侧象限(T):85.37±21.25μm,鼻侧象限(N):75.19±17.06μm最薄,即I>S>T>N。②平均及上、下、颞侧象限RNFL厚度均随年龄增长而变薄,40岁以后趋势明显,50岁以上者显著变薄,仅鼻侧象限RNFL厚度与年龄无关;平均及上、下、鼻侧象限RNFL厚度均随近视度数增加而变薄,且高度近视者显著薄于正视者。而颞侧象限RNFL厚度却随近视度数增加而变厚,高度近视者显著薄于正视者。而颞侧象限RNFL厚度却随近视度数增加而变厚,高度近视者显著厚于正视者;平均及各象限RNFL厚度除下方外均与性别无关,仅下方像限女性较男性厚;应用机器自动辨认视盘边界时,未发现RNFL厚度与视盘面积有关。结论OCT测得的正常RNFL厚度主要与年龄、屈光度有关;仅下方象限RNFL厚度与性别有关;应用机器自动辨认视盘边界时,未发现RNFL厚度与视盘面积有关;儿童可以较好地配合OCT检查并获得较为可靠的测理结果;应用规范、统一的OCT测量标准,建立人群为基础的并经相关影响因素校正的中国人RNFLJE常值数据库对青光眼的早期诊断是非常必要的。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.