聚合物胶束在经皮给药系统中的应用

摘 要 目的：综述聚合物胶束作为药物载体在经皮传递系统中的应用进展。方法: 根据国内外发表的最新文献,对聚合物胶束的制备方法、促进皮肤渗透的机制、释药过程及其在经皮给药系统中的应用进行分析与讨论。结果: 聚合物胶束具有增加难溶性药物的溶解度,促进药物的经皮吸收等作用,作为药物载体在经皮传递系统的应用越来越广泛。结论:聚合物胶束可作为药物载体被广泛用于经皮给药系统的研究中,具有较好的发展前景。     

新型脂质体在经皮给药系统中的应用

摘 要 药物经皮传递系统的角质层屏障等问题日益受到关注,而新型脂质体作为药物传递载体,可以有效解决这一问题。新型脂质体能明显提高药物经皮渗透,从而增强疗效,具有广阔的应用价值和开发前景。本文结合国内外研究现状,对在经皮给药系统中作为载体应用的新型脂质体的分类、促渗机制及其应用进展做一综述。     

微乳在经皮传递系统中的应用

目的:综述微乳作为载体在经皮传递系统中的最新应用进展。方法:根据国内外发表的文献,对微乳在经皮传递系统中的应用加以分析和讨论。结果:微乳作为药物经皮传递载体可以起到增加药物溶解度、促进药物渗透等作用,提高药物疗效。结论:微乳作为经皮传递载体具有良好的应用前景。     

纳米立方液晶系统作为抗肿瘤药物载体的研究进展

摘 要对近年来纳米立方液晶系统作为药物载体在抗肿瘤方面的研究进展进行综述。介绍纳米液晶的结构、特点、制备方法和常用材料,及其在肿瘤方面的应用。纳米立方晶具有提高药物溶解度和稳定性的优势,并具有良好的生物相容性,作为新型纳米药物载体广泛受到人们关注。     

非层状液晶系统在药剂学中的研究进展

目的对近年来非层状液晶在药剂学中的研究进展进行综述,为非层状液晶的进一步研究提供思路。方法溶致液晶相根据内部结构的不同可以分为层状液晶和非层状液晶,非层状液晶比层状液晶具有较高的稳定性和包封率等优势,因此该体系作为药物载体的研究引起了人们极大的兴趣。本文作者参阅国内外代表性文献,对其进行分析、归纳和整理后进行综述。结果对非层状液晶的制备材料、制备工艺及作为药物载体的现状进行了综述。结论非层状液晶在药物载体的应用中具有明显的优势。     

经皮给药系统中新型载体的应用

摘 要经皮给药相比于传统的口服给药和注射给药,有着使用方便、药物局部浓度高、安全性强的特点。本文综述了近几年国内外文献报道的有关经皮给药系统中,可以增加药物经皮转运效率的新型载体（微乳、醇质体、传递体、囊泡、前体脂质体、凝胶等）的组成、特点及应用。这些新型的经皮给药载体所呈现出来的优越性,使其具有良好的研究价值和广阔的发展空间。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物在药物载体中的应用

摘 要壳聚糖及其衍生物具有无毒、良好的生物相容性和可降解性、黏膜黏附性和促渗性等优点,在药物载体领域具有较为广阔的研究及应用前景。本文结合国内外最新发表的相关文献,对壳聚糖及其衍生物作为相关药物载体的应用以及作用机制进行分析讨论,并对其作为抗肿瘤药物靶向载体、缓控释药物载体、眼用药物载体、基因载体和凝胶基质的应用及研究进展进行综述。     

肝素前体heparosan的制备及药学应用研究进展

目的 综述肝素前体heparosan的制备技术及其在药学领域应用的最新研究进展,为其进一步研究和开发提供参考。方法 查阅国内外关于heparosan的制备方法及药学应用的文献,对其分析、概括和总结。结果 现有heparosan的制备方法主要包括微生物发酵提取法、代谢工程改造菌生产法、体外重组酶合成法;heparosan不仅可作为起始原料用于非动物源肝素的生物合成和非抗凝肝素衍生物的制备,还可作为药物载体。结论 发酵工程、代谢工程及酶工程等技术的成功应用推动heparosan的制备规模显著提高,但尚难以定制合成分子量可控的heparosan及衍生物;目前heparosan在药学领域的应用发展迅速,新的制备与结构改造策略将进一步拓宽其在药物发现与研究中的应用。     

弹性脂质囊泡在经皮给药系统的研究进展

目的 对近年来弹性脂质囊泡在经皮给药系统的研究与应用进行文献整理和归纳,为以后该领域的研究提供借鉴。方法 查阅近5年弹性脂质囊泡在经皮给药系统的相关文献,总结弹性脂质囊泡的分类、制备方法、促透机制、应用的研究进展,提出其今后研究的重点方向。结果 弹性脂质囊泡具有较好的变形性、皮肤渗透性,可以通过角质层,更利于药物到达毛细血管被吸收,提高生物利用度,更有利于皮肤用药。结论 弹性脂质囊泡经皮给药系统是一种安全、有效的给药途径,其顺应性更好,在经皮给药方面有很好的应用前景。     

聚合物胶束在肿瘤靶向给药系统中的研究进展

摘 要 聚合物胶束作为一种有效的药物运送载体已经受到广泛关注,其在肿瘤治疗方面具有高效,长效和高载药量等优势。本文综述了聚合物胶束的类型,制备材料,载药方法,主要讨论了肿瘤靶向载药系统中的靶向策略和应用实例。     

脂质体经皮局部给药研究进展

目的：探讨脂质体在皮肤局部给药系统中的作用.方法：通过阐述脂质体在皮肤给药系统中透皮吸收的作用机制、影响因素以及在各领域的应用,了解脂质体在皮肤局部给药系统中的作用.结果：脂质体应用于皮肤局部给药系统具有许多优势.结论：脂质体在皮肤局部给药系统中有很大的发展潜力.     

Amphiphilic block copolymers in drug delivery: advances in formulation structure and performance

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Nanostructured delivery vehicles can address key challenges facing drug delivery, including the lipophilic nature of therapeutic compounds and their effective transport through the body. Amphiphilic block copolymers that self-assemble offer advantages compared with homopolymer-, lipid-, and protein-based delivery vehicles. Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) amphiphilic block copolymers (Poloxamers) serve well as pharmaceutical excipients because of their highly tunable association properties, low toxicity, and ability to functionalize. The formulation nanostructure underpins performance across various administration routes and diseases, but is strongly dependent on the amphiphile, drug, and environment (temperature, concentration, and types of additives), thus demanding further elucidation.

Areas covered: The phase behavior of Poloxamers in aqueous solution is presented first, to inform an overview of drug encapsulation processes. The formulation composition and preparation method are centrally important to the nanostructure obtained. Several self-assembled structures are discussed which present advantages for particular administration routes: transdermal, ophthalmic, oral, nasal, and subcutaneous. Many diseases are treatable through these routes, e.g., inflammation, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer.

Expert opinion: The exceptional ability to tune amphiphilic block copolymer nanostructure (micelles, hydrogels, lyotropic liquid crystals, etc.) renders them a powerful tool in the formulation of drug delivery systems, offering multiple processing options and physical states to accommodate diverse drugs and administration pathways.     

多烯紫杉醇非注射给药系统的研究进展

摘 要 目的： 综述多烯紫杉醇非注射给药系统的最新研究进展。 方法: 通过查阅近五年的国内外相关文献,将多烯紫杉醇口服、植入、透皮、直肠等非注射给药系统的研究应用进行概括与分析。结果:多烯紫杉醇非注射给药系统给药方便,生物利用度高,不良反应率低。结论: 多烯紫杉醇非注射给药系统有着良好的研究前景。     

Liquid crystalline Pluronic 105 pharmacogels as drug delivery systems: preparation,characterization, and in vitro transdermal release

In this study, we report the results of our investigations on the percutaneous permeation profiles of Diclofenac sodium, Paracetamol, Propanolol hydrochloride, and α-Tocopherol from the different lyotropic liquid crystalline phases obtained by Pluronic P105/water mixtures, in order to understand if the particular assembly shown in the formulations could influence the delivery across the skin.

Recent studies have focused on the Pluronic liquid crystalline phases to evaluate the potential use of these phases in drug delivery, but no comparative investigation has been yet performed on the drug permeation from the different liquid crystalline phases obtained by the same Pluronic surfactant.

The cubic, hexagonal, and lamellar mesophases (loading the above-mentioned drug) were characterized by Deuterium Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Polarized Optical Microscopy observations. Results revealed that the liquid crystalline gel microscopic structure obtained in the different formulations drastically affects the drug percutaneous availability. As a consequence these systems could be proposed as novel transdermal drug delivery systems.     

Nanoemulsions as potential vehicles for transdermal and dermal delivery of hydrophobic compounds: an overview

Introduction: In recent years, nanoemulsions have been investigated as potential drug delivery vehicles for transdermal and dermal delivery of many compounds especially hydrophobic compounds in order to avoid clinical adverse effects associated with oral delivery of the same compounds. Droplet size and surface properties of nanoemulsions play an important role in the biological behavior of the formulation.

Areas covered: In this review, current literature of transdermal and dermal delivery of hydrophobic compounds both in vitro as well as in vivo has been summarized and analyzed.

Expert opinion: Nanoemulsions have been formulated using a variety of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. In many cases of dermal and transdermal nanoemulsions, the skin irritation or skin toxicity issues on human beings have not been considered which needs to be evaluated properly. In the last decade, much attention has been made in exploring new types of nanoemulsion-based drug delivery system for dermal and transdermal delivery of many hydrophobic compounds. This area of research would be very advantageous for formulation scientists in order to develop some nanoemulsion-based formulations for their commercial exploitation and clinical applications.     

Permeation enhancer strategies in transdermal drug delivery

Abstract

Today, ～74% of drugs are taken orally and are not found to be as effective as desired. To improve such characteristics, transdermal drug delivery was brought to existence. This delivery system is capable of transporting the drug or macromolecules painlessly through skin into the blood circulation at fixed rate. Topical administration of therapeutic agents offers many advantages over conventional oral and invasive techniques of drug delivery. Several important advantages of transdermal drug delivery are prevention from hepatic first pass metabolism, enhancement of therapeutic efficiency and maintenance of steady plasma level of the drug. Human skin surface, as a site of drug application for both local and systemic effects, is the most eligible candidate available. New controlled transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) technologies (electrically-based, structure-based and velocity-based) have been developed and commercialized for the transdermal delivery of troublesome drugs. This review article covers most of the new active transport technologies involved in enhancing the transdermal permeation via effective drug delivery system.