原发性支气管肺癌32例MRI表面分析

作者回顾复习了３２例原发性支气管肺癌的ＭＲＩ检查资料，讨论了ＭＲＩ在肺癌诊断中的作用，并对ＴＳＥ〈快速自旋回波〉Ｔ２加权扫描序列在胸部的应用价值作了评价。     

肺癌的低场MRI诊断（附65例分析）

目的：探讨低场ＭＲＩ诊断肺癌的方法及价值。方法：收集６５例经临床及病理确诊的肺癌病例,行低场ＭＲＩ检查,１５例Ｔ１ＷＩ加心电门控。结果：非门控短ＴＥ序列效果较好。低场ＭＲＩ对某些发生于特殊部位的肺癌,如肺尖,肺边缘、膈肌附近的肿块显示良好,可判断肺癌侵犯纵隔、心包,血管;鉴别中央型肺癌与其继发改变;确定Ｐａｎｃｏｓｔ‘ｓ瘤的侵范范围较为清晰。对纵隔,肺门淋巴结肿大及胸壁侵犯显示非常满意。结论：低场     

肺癌MRI信号与癌细胞核DNA含量的研究

目的：通过ＭＲＩ及细胞图像分析仪,探讨原发性支气管肺癌ＭＲＩ信号与ＤＮＡ倍体的关系。材料与方法：２３例原发性支气管肺癌患者,于术前２周,行Ｒｅｓｏｎｅｘ０．３８Ｔ磁共振成像（横断面ＳＥ Ｔ１ＷＩ、ＧＲ、增强后ＳＥ Ｔ１ＷＩ）。术后标本用ＩＣＭ－１００细胞图像分析仪,测定每例肺癌标本的ＤＮＡ含量及ＳＰＦ值。结果：Ｔ１加权平扫二倍体肿瘤信号强度比（病变／椎体）显著小于异倍体肿瘤的信号强度比。二倍体肿瘤     

磁共振成像对肺癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的：探讨磁共振成像对肺癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值。材料及方法：将５５例肺癌病人术前ＭＲＩ显示淋巴结的情况术后比较，以直径在１ｃｍ及１．５ｃｍ为阈值计算其敏感性，特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值；应用ＤＩＡＳＯＮＩＣＳ０．３ＳＴ超导成像系统行Ｔ１及Ｔ２加权成像。结果：８７．３％（４８例）的病人ＭＲＩ可见肺门及纵隔淋结肿大，共１３３个，其中１１９个信号在Ｔ１Ｗ１及Ｔ２ＷＩ上与肿瘤相似，占８９．５％     

CT、MRI检查对早期腔隙性脑梗塞诊断的对照观察

目的：本语文通过对３０例早期腔隙性脑梗塞的ＭＲＩ和ＣＴ的对照观察，以进一步研究ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ对本病的诊断价值。材料和方法：对３０例早期腔隙性脑梗塞的患者进行了ＭＲＩ和ＣＴ检查及对照。结果：３０例患者ＭＲＩ检查，Ｔ２Ｗ／ＴＳＥ及Ｔ２ＷＩ／ＩＲ水压抑扫描发现病灶２５４个，ＣＴ扫描实现病灶２５４个，ＣＴ扫描发现病灶３７个。敏感性为ＭＲＩ的１４％。ＭＲＩ对微小的病变，早期的病变及颅底、颅顶部的病变的显示均较     

原发性脊柱硬膜外恶性淋巴瘤的MRI表现

目的：探讨脊柱硬膜外恶性淋巴瘤的ＭＲＩ表现。方法：６例经手术及病理证实的患者，均行ＭＲＩ及平片检查，ＭＲＩ检查采用ＧＥＳｉｇｎａＣｏｎｔｏｕｒ０．５ＴＭＲ机扫描。结果：肿块呈均匀性信号，Ｔ１ＷＩ呈等或稍低信号，Ｔ２ＷＩ稍高信号，病灶有中度增强，脊髓可见受压。结论：ＭＲＩ是脊柱硬膜外恶性淋巴瘤最好的检查方法，多节段均匀性信号强度是其特征性表现     

肺癌的磁共振诊断与鉴别诊断研究

目的比较分析肺癌与肺良性肿瘤的磁共振表现及病理基础。方法搜集原发性肺癌２１例,肺良性肿瘤５例,均经病理及临床证实。采用０２Ｔ磁共振成像仪,常规自旋回波序列,将肺良恶性肿瘤ＭＲＩ信号及形态学改变作一比较。结果肺癌表现为肿块＞３ｃｍ,分叶征,边缘毛糙,Ｔ１ＷＩ上呈现等或稍高信号Ｔ２ＷＩ上呈稍高或不均信号者为多（８３％）;肺良性肿瘤表现为肿块＜３ｃｍ,边缘光整,Ｔ１ＷＩ上呈稍低或等信号,Ｔ２ＷＩ上呈等或稍高信号者为多（６０％）,二者之间有一定差异。肺癌的继发性改变有助于区分肺良性肿瘤。结论肺癌与肺良性肿瘤的ＭＲＩ表现有一定鉴别价值。     

急性创伤性颈间盘脱出1.5TMRI所见及康复的预测

通过比较１１例急性创伤性颈间盘脱出病人１．５ＴＭＲＩ信号特点与运动功能的关系，以确定１．５ＴＭＲＩ对预测本病运动功能康复的价值。结果显示：脊髓出血、广泛水肿的ＭＲＩ信号多为损伤重，恢复差的病人，而局限性水肿及正常ＭＲＩ信号的病人损伤轻，恢复良好。结果表明：１．５ＴＭＲＩ检查对损伤性颈间盘脱出具有较高的敏感性，对脊髓损伤的早期诊断、预后判断及康复计划的制定有较大帮助。     

脊椎化脓性骨髓炎MRI诊断：附5例报告

回顾性分析了５例脊椎化脓性骨髓炎ＭＲＩ表现，可归纳为：（１）相邻两个椎体正常松质骨内骨髓信号被长Ｔ１，长Ｔ２的炎性组织或Ｔ１ＷＩ，Ｔ２ＷＩ均呈低信号的骨质增生硬化所取代，椎体骨皮质不同程度破坏，椎体高度改变轻微。（２）椎间盘形态及信号异常；（３）椎旁和椎管内不同程度软组织肿胀，积脓。手术发现骨质破坏的范围较ＭＲＩ图像上显示的信号异常范围窄，本组ＭＲＩ表现特征与国外两组报道相似。单从ＭＲＩ影像出发，     

喉癌MRI分期评价

目的 评价高场ＭＲＩ在喉癌术前分期中的价值。方法 对２８例喉癌患的ＭＲＩ资料进行回顾性分析,并与手术病理分期相对照。结果 ＭＲＩ对各期喉癌的准确率分别为Ｔ１：９０％,Ｔ２：８３％,Ｔ４：１００％。ＭＲＩ分期总准确率为８９％。结论 高场ＭＲＩ通过不同加权像的对比和从多角度准确显示肿瘤的部位形态及浸润范围,提高了喉癌术前分期的准确性。     

MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging of prostate cancer

The primary indication for prostate MR and MR spectroscopic imaging is evaluating men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer who are deciding whether to undergo surgery or radiotherapy. Other applications of MR and MR spectroscopic imaging in prostate cancer are not defined fully. Areas of research include volumetric localization of prostate cancer, in vivo MR spectroscopic imaging at high field strength, in vitro MR spectroscopic imaging at very high field strength, novel spectroscopic markers of malignancy,and interventional MR guidance of biopsy and therapy. MR spectroscopic imaging remains a relatively novel technique, and successful implementation is demanding. Nonetheless, only MR and MR spectroscopic imaging allow structural and metabolic evaluation of prostate cancer location, aggressiveness, and stage, and MR imaging provides clinically and therapeutically relevant information on prostatic and periprostatic anatomy.     

Diffusion and perfusion MR imaging of the prostate

Conventional anatomic MR imaging has evolved to a superior modality in the evaluation of prostate carcinoma and is now a widely established technique in the detection and staging of this disease, aiding in clinical decision making on treatment and therapy evaluation. Recent improvements in functional MR techniques, such as diffusion-weighted MR imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging, have greatly increased the impact of MR imaging in prostate cancer. The combination of T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted MR imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging may overcome the limitations of conventional T2-weighted MR imaging of the prostate and may be able accurately to detect, localize, stage, and grade prostate carcinoma and guide biopsies.     

淋巴瘤磁共振成像新进展

磁共振是淋巴瘤的重要检查方法,对淋巴瘤早期发现、准确分期、疗效监测起到重要作用。目前磁共振发展的方向有特异性对比剂,全身磁共振,以及扩散加权成像、灌注成像、磁共振波谱等功能成像,本文对以上磁共振新技术在淋巴瘤中的应用予以综述。     

New acquisition techniques: fields of application

Conventional MR imaging of the liver has a central role in the assessment of liver diseases. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging, MR elastography, and time-resolved dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging improve the anatomical information provided by conventional MR imaging and add quantitative functional information in diffuse and focal liver diseases. Particularly, accurate detection and characterization of liver fibrosis are feasible with quantitative MR elastography, detection of liver tumors is increased with diffusion-weighted MR imaging and time-resolved dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging, characterization of tumors can be improved with quantitative diffusion-weighted MR imaging and MR elastography. These methods also have the potential to provide adequate biomarkers for assessing the response to treatment. Currently, the main limitations of quantitative MR imaging are related to reproducibility, standardization, and/or limited clinical data. It is important to improve and standardize the quantitative MR methods and validate their role in large multicenter trials.     

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the liver: parametric assessments beyond morphology

There is growing interest in exploring and using functional imaging techniques to provide additional information on structural alterations in the liver, which often occur late in the disease process. This article presents a summary of the different functional MR imaging techniques currently in use, focusing on dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging, diffusion-weighted MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, in- and oppose-phase MR imaging, and T2*-weighted imaging. For each technique, the biologic underpinning for the technique is explained, the clinical applications surveyed, and the challenges for their application enumerated. Developing and less frequently used techniques such as MR elastography, blood oxygenation level dependent imaging, dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR imaging, and diffusion-tensor imaging are reviewed. The challenges widespread adoption of functional MR imaging and the translation of such techniques to high field strengths are also discussed.     

Systematic approach to interpretation of the lumbar spine MR imaging examination

The lumbar spine MR imaging study is one of the most frequently ordered MR imaging examinations in the United States. Numerous possible causes exist for low back pain, which contributes to the diagnostic challenge that imagers face in arriving at clinically relevant diagnoses from the anatomic information provided by MR imaging. In this article, the authors suggest a systematic approach to MR imaging interpretation. The evaluation may be altered, based on individual preferences and the specific clinical scenario. The author also highlights commonly encountered disease processes, pertinent MR imaging anatomy, and some common diagnostic pitfalls. Normal and abnormal spine MR images are also shown.     

MR imaging and MR spectroscopy in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in western men. The morbidity in Japanese men is also increasing. This article reviews MR imaging and MR spectroscopy used for the diagnosis and management of prostatic cancer. Discussion emphasizes techniques for routine MR imaging, imaging findings, and the value of MR imaging in patients with prostatic cancer. The new and promising technique of MR spectroscopy and 3T MR imaging also will be introduce.     

主动脉瓣区磁共振电影成像

目的:研究主动脉瓣区磁共振(MR)电影成像。方法:使用Siemens公司Somaton Aera 1.5T MR机对30例正常人组及82例心脏病组采用常规心脏冠状位主动脉瓣中心层进行主动脉瓣区的MR电影序列成像,由二位作者观察记录一次MR电影成像成功率,使用SPSS 20.0统计学软件处理两组一次电影成像的成功率差异,以p<0.05为差异显著。结果:正常组一次电影成像成功率为100%,心脏病组的一次电影成像成功率为96.3%(79/82例),两组间比较X^2=0.161,P=0.688。本文介绍的主动脉瓣区MRI电影成像的定位简单,成像时间短,仅为9s,图像清晰,包括范围大,直观,一次采集成功率高。结论:本文介绍的主动脉瓣区MR电影成像是一种简单易行,省时,成功率高的图像清晰检查方法。     

Breast MR imaging in assessing extent of disease

Breast MR imaging is valuable in assessment of extent of disease in the ipsilateral and contralateral breast in women who have breast cancer. In the ipsilateral breast, MR imaging depicts otherwise unsuspected sites of cancer in 16% (range, 6%-34%). In the contralateral breast, MR imaging depicts otherwise unsuspected sites of cancer in 6% (range, 3%-24%). MR imaging is most likely to depict additional sites of cancer in women with invasive lobular cancer and a family history of breast cancer. MR imaging can also assist in evaluating involvement of skin, pectoral muscle, and chest wall. Disadvantages of breast MR imaging include cost and additional procedures (follow-up and biopsy); furthermore, no data as yet show that breast MR imaging in the extend of disease evaluation improves disease-free or overall survival. If breast MR imaging is used in evaluating extent of disease, it is necessary to have the capability to perform biopsy of lesions detected by MR imaging only.     

Contribution of the MR spectroscopic imaging in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in the peripheral zone

Purpose To establish the additional value of 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopy (3D-MRS) imaging to endorectal MR imaging in the diagnosis of prostrate cancer in the peripheral zone. Materials and methods MR imaging and MRS imaging were performed in 79 patients with suspicion of prostate cancer on the basis of digital rectal exploration, transrectal ultrasound and PSA level. All the examinations were performed with 1.5 T MR scan using an endorectal coil (transverse and coronal FSE T2-weighted sequences, axial SE T1-weighted and PRESS 3D CSI). MR examinations have been evaluated by two Radiologists blind of the clinical data in a “per patients” analysis. MR imaging and MRS imaging findings were compared with the result of histological data from radical prostatectomy in 53 patients and biopsy in 17 patients. Results Nine patients (11.4%) were excluded because of serious artefacts in the MR spectrum. The reported values of sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for MR imaging alone were respectively 84%, 50%, 76% and 63% (LR+ 1.7; LR− 0.3). Instead the reported values of sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for the combination of MR imaging to MRS imaging were respectively 89%, 79%, 89% and 79% (LR+ 4.28; LR− 0.14). We found an incremental benefit of MRS imaging to MR imaging for tumour diagnosis although these results did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions The MRS imaging improves the accuracy of the endorectal MR imaging in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.