早期强化踝关节运动训练对偏瘫患者下肢功能恢复的影响

目的：探讨早期强化踝关节运动训练对偏瘫患者下肢功能恢复的影响。方法将40例脑卒中后偏瘫患者随机分为治疗组（n＝20）和对照组（n＝20）,2组患者均接受常规运动治疗、作业治疗、针灸治疗和电刺激治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗方案的基础上增加强化踝关节运动训练,2组患者于治疗6周后分别采用Berg平衡量表（BBS ）、步行能力分级（FAC ）、Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能评分量表（FMA-L）评定平衡功能、步行功能、运动功能。结果2组BBS评分、FAC分级、FMA-L评分较治疗前均显著改善,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.01）。治疗组各项指标改善情况均显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.01）。结论早期强化踝关节运动训练能显著提高偏瘫患者下肢功能恢复。     

减重步行训练对卒中后遗症期偏瘫患者的康复疗效

目的 探讨减重步行训练对卒中后遗症期偏瘫患者步行功能、下肢运动功能、日常生活能力及生活质量的影响.方法 将广州医学院第二附属医院康复科自2009年5月至2011年6月收治的58例卒中后遗症期偏瘫患者按随机数字表法分为减重步行训练组30例及对照组28例,对照组接受常规康复治疗,减重步行训练组除接受常规康复训练外另接受减重步行训练.在治疗前后采用功能性步行量表(FAC)、FugI-Meyer量表(FMA)、Barthel指数(BI)及生活质量量表(SF-36)分别评价患者步行功能、下肢运动功能、日常生活能力及生活质量.结果 治疗前2组患者FAC、FMA、BI、SF-36评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后2组患者FAC、FMA、BI、SF-36评分均较治疗前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中减重步行训练组FAC、FMA、BI、SF-36评分改善情况均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 减重步行训练较常规康复治疗能显著提高卒中后遗症期偏瘫患者的步行功能、下肢运动能力、日常生活能力及生活质量.     

运动再学习对缺血性卒中患者运动功能及其认知电位P300的影响

目的 研究运动再学习训练对缺血性卒中患者运动功能及其认知电位P300的影响。 方法 52名缺血性卒中患者运动再学习前后,对Berg平衡积分、Sheikh躯干控制积分、简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分及步行能力等指标进行评价,观察在运动功能改善的同时认知电位P300是否有改善。共治疗12周。 结果 运动再学习后缺血性卒中患者运动功能和认知功能显著改善,Berg平衡积分、Sheikh躯干平衡积分、简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分及步行能力等各指标治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,同时认知电位P300潜伏期比训练前明显缩短（P<0.01）,波幅较治疗前显著增高（P<0.01）。 结论 运动疗法在改善缺血性卒中者运动功能的同时对认知功能的有积极的恢复作用。     

减重步行训练在卒中后偏瘫康复中的应用

目的 探讨卒中后偏瘫患者早期开展减重步行训练(PBWSTT)对下肢运动功能,步行能力和日常生活能力的影响.方法 选择病程在3个月内,偏瘫肢体分级Brunstrom分级≥Ⅱ级的稳定性卒中患者122例,随机分为PBWSTT组(63例)和对照组(59例).对照组患者采用神经促进技术进行康复训练;PBWSTT组患者在接受与对照组相同的康复训练基础上,进行PBWSTT训练.治疗前及治疗后4周采用功能性步行量表(FAC)表,简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)及独立功能评定量表(FIM),评定2组患者步行能力,下肢运动功能及日常生活能力.结果 对照组治疗前FAC、FMA和FIM评分分别为0.42±0.23,17.1±5.2和35.3±3.8.治疗后为2.5±1.3,23.6±7.3和67.9±9.2.治疗前后评分比较,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);PBWSTT组治疗前为0.36±0.13、16.7±6.2和35.1±3.4,治疗后为3.8±1.4、39.3±7.6和90.1±10.0,治疗前后比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).2组治疗后FAC,FMA评分比较差异亦有极显著性(P＜0.01),FIM评分差异有显著性(P＜0.05).对照组治疗前后能够独立步行者分别占44.1%、57.6%(P＜0.05);PBWSTT组为34.9%、88.9%(P＜0.01).治疗后对照组与PBWSTT组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 卒中偏瘫患者早期在传统的康复治疗基础上应用减重步行训练,能更大程度提高下肢运动功能,步行能力及日常生活能力.     

运动再学习对偏瘫患者步行能力及步态的影响

目的 观察运动再学习对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力及步态的影响.方法 将60例脑损伤偏瘫患者随机分成2组,均采取神经发育学疗法,治疗组另行运动再学习方案.用Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能评分、BBS平衡功能评分、Holden步行能力分级、Brunnstrom偏瘫步态评分进行训练前、后评定.结果 经过8周康复治疗后,2组患者较治疗前除步态评分均有明显改善(P＜0.05),治疗组的步态评分与治疗前比较仍有显著性差异(P＜0.05);但治疗组改善均明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 运动再学习方案对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力及步态的改善具有明显促进作用.     

镜像疗法对卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动疗效的Meta分析

目的 评价镜像疗法对卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动疗效。 方法 在APTA、PEDro、Embase、PubMed、CINAHL、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献、万方、维普及中 国知网系统检索2004年5月-2019年5月关于镜像疗法对改善卒中后下肢运动功能效果的随机对照试 验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）。根据纳入、排除标准进行筛选,提取资料,采用RevMan 5.3软 件对符合标准RCT研究中患者的下肢功能、平衡功能及步态指标进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入14项RCT研究。Meta分析结果显示：相比对照治疗,镜像疗法可提高Fugl-Meyer下肢评 分[标准化均数差（standardized mean difference,SMD）3.20,95%CI 1.52～4.88,P＜0.001],提高患者踝 关节活动度（SMD 1.20,95%CI 0.71～1.69,P <0.001）,提高下肢Brunstrom分期[均数差（mean difference, MD）0.55,95%CI 0.28～0.82,P <0.001]。尚无证据表明镜像疗法可改善下肢肌张力。镜像疗法可提高 10 m步行测试分数（SMD 0.08,95%CI 0.03～0.13,P＜0.001）,但在提高功能性步行量表未显示明显 优势。镜像疗法可提高Berg平衡量表评分（SMD 0.98,95%CI 0.42～1.53,P＜0.001）,但无法改善下肢 平衡的总体稳定指数。 结论 镜像疗法可在一定程度上改善卒中后患者下肢运动功能、步态,但平衡能力的改善仍需临床 研究证实。     

平衡训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的影响

目的观察平衡训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的影响。方法 92例脑卒中患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各46例,对照组给予常规康复治疗,治疗组采用常规康复训练加平衡功能训练,应用Fugl-Meyer评定中的平衡功能评定法和Holden功能步行分类在2组治疗前后对患者的平衡功能和步行能力进行评定。结果治疗前2组患者Fugl-Meyer评分和Holden评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗后2组评分均较治疗前提高,但治疗组提高程度大于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论平衡训练可促进脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的恢复。     

反复促通技术联合rTMS对卒中后下肢运动功能障碍患者的康复效果

目的 探讨反复促通技术联合重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对卒中后下肢运动功能障碍患者下肢运动功能及步态恢复的康复效果。方法 选取2022-01—06黑龙江中医药大学附属第四医院康复科收治的80例脑卒中后下肢运动功能障碍患者,分为对照组（n=40）和观察组（n=40）。对照组采用r TMS治疗,观察组实施反复促通技术联合rTMS治疗。比较2组患者治疗前后下肢运动功能量表（FMA）、Berg平衡量表（BBS）、10 m步行时间、血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）水平以及步行功能量表（FAC）分级、改良Barthel指数（MBI）和改良Ashworth指数（MAS）分级效果。结果 观察组治疗4周、8周后FMA、BBS、FAC、MBI评分均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组治疗4周、8周后10 m步行时间与Hcy、ACE水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组治疗4周、8周后肌肉痉挛改善程度优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 反复促通技术联合rTMS能有效促进脑卒中下肢运动功能障碍患者下肢运动功能和平衡功能的恢复,降低血清Hcy、ACE水平,对提高患者步数...     

骶髂关节半脱位矫正对慢性期卒中后功能障碍恢复的影响

目的 初步探讨矫正骶髂关节半脱位对慢性期卒中偏瘫患者步行能力及平衡功能的影响。方法 选择2018年4月—2021年12月在包头市中心医院神经康复中心住院且符合入组标准的慢性期卒中偏瘫患者,对确定存在骶髂关节半脱位的13例患者进行手法矫正治疗。治疗前、治疗3周后进行Berg平衡量表评估、“起立-行走”计时测试、10米步行计时测试、Holden步行能力分级以及骨盆正位X线片检查,并进行比较。结果 存在骶髂关节半脱位的慢性期卒中偏瘫患者共11例纳入研究。按冈斯德分析系统进行骨盆正位X线片画线测量,其中髂骨ASIn7例,髂骨ASEx2例,髂骨PIIn1例,髂骨In1例。手法矫正治疗3周后,Berg平衡量表评分高于治疗前[（47.00±9.22）分vs.(37.45±11.04)分,P<0.001];“起立-行走”计时测试时间短于治疗前[（18.51±5.29）s vs.(24.94±9.50)s,P=0.003];10米步行计时测试：步行速度较治疗前变快[（53.72±25.71）cm/s vs.(43.49±24.24)cm/s,P<0.001],步长较治疗前增加[（38.37±...     

认知康复训练治疗脑卒中后认知功能障碍的临床观察

目的 探讨认知康复训练对脑卒中后认知功能障碍的临床效果.方法 将96例卒中后认知功能障碍患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组除一般药物治疗外同时进行认知功能训练,对照组只进行一般药物治疗.3个月后进行MMSE、MOCA、LOTCA量表评分.结果 治疗组MMSE、MOCA、LOTCA量表评分均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）.结论认知康复训练对脑卒中后认知功能障碍有明显的临床效果.     

Constraint-induced movement therapy promotes brain functional reorganization in stroke patients with hemiplegia

Stroke patients with hemiplegia exhibit flexor spasms in the upper limb and extensor spasms in the lower limb, and their movement patterns vary greatly. Constraint-induced movement therapy is an upper limb rehabilitation technique used in stroke patients with hemiplegia; however, studies of lower extremity rehabilitation are scarce. In this study, stroke patients with lower limb hemiplegia underwent conventional Bobath therapy for 4 weeks as baseline treatment, followed by constraint-induced movement therapy for an additional 4 weeks. The 10-m maximum walking speed and Berg balance scale scores significantly improved following treatment, and lower extremity motor function also improved. The results of functional MRI showed that constraint-induced movement therapy alleviates the reduction in cerebral functional activation in patients, which indicates activation of functional brain regions and a significant increase in cerebral blood perfusion. These results demonstrate that constraint-induced movement therapy promotes brain functional reorganization in stroke patients with lower limb hemiplegia.     

功能性电刺激结合康复踏车训练对卒中急性期患者下肢功能的影响

目的 观察和探讨功能性电刺激（functional electrical stimulation,FES）结合康复踏车训练对卒中急性 期患者下肢功能的影响。 方法 将120例卒中急性期偏瘫患者采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组。两组均接受常规药物 治疗。对照组患者采用Bobath技术为主的常规康复训练,主要包括桥式训练、坐站训练、常规踝背屈 训练等,每日训练1次,每次45 min,每周训练5 d,训练2周。观察组患者在对照组康复治疗基础上给予 FES结合康复踏车系统训练,每次20 min,每周训练5 d,训练2周。分别于治疗前和治疗后采用功能性 步行量表（functional ambulation category,FAC）、Fugl-meyer下肢功能评定量表（Fugl-Meyer assessment, FMA）、Barthel指数评定量表进行评分并比较。 结果 ①治疗前,2组患者各项指标组间比较差异均无统计学意义;②治疗后,对照组和治疗组患者 的FAC评分、下肢FMA评分、Barthel指数评分均较本组治疗前有显著改善;治疗后,观察组上述指标显 著优于对照组（均P＜0.001）。 结论 功能性电刺激结合康复踏车训练能显著地提高卒中急性期患者下肢功能,从而提高患者日 常生活活动能力。     

Three-Dimensional Balance Training Using Visual Feedback on Balance and Walking Ability in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Background: Trunk-activating exercises for balance are important because trunk weakness is relevant to the functional performance of individuals with stroke. This study aimed to explore the effects of three-dimensional balance training using visual feedback on balance and walking ability in subacute stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-four participants with subacute stroke were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Each group underwent twenty sessions (30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks). Patients were assessed using the Berg balance scale, gait parameters (gait speed, cadence, step length, and double-limb support period) using GAITRite, and activity-specific balance confidence score, before and after the intervention. Results: The three-dimensional balance training using visual feedback exhibited greater changes in the Berg balance scale, gait speed, cadence, step length, double-limb support period, and activity-specific balance confidence compared with the control group. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in Berg balance scale (P?=?.012; 95% CI, 2.585-6.415), gait speed (P?=?.001; 95% CI, .079-.155), cadence (P?=?.001; 95% CI, 1.622-4.392), step length (P?=?.003; 95% CI, 1.864-3.908), double-limb support period (P?=?.003; 95% CI, ?3.259 to ?0.761) and activity-specific confidence (P?=?.008; 95% CI, 6.964-14.036) between groups. Conclusion: Three-dimensional balance training using visual feedback may be more effective than conventional training in improving balance, walking ability, and activity-specific balance confidence in patients with subacute stroke.     

水中运动训练对帕金森病患者运动功能、平衡功能和行走能力的康复作用

目的探讨水中运动训练对帕金森病患者运动功能、平衡功能和行走能力的康复作用。方法共40例原发性帕金森病患者随机接受常规陆上康复训练(陆上组,20例)和水中运动训练(水中组,20例),分别于训练前和训练8周时采用统一帕金森病评价量表第三部分(UPDRSⅢ)评价运动功能、Berg平衡量表(BBS)和起立-行计时走测验(TUGT)评价平衡功能、6分钟步行试验(6MWT)和10米步行试验(10MWT)评价行走能力。结果两组患者训练8周时UPDRSⅢ评分(P=0.000)和TUGT时间(P=0.000)低于训练前,BBS评分(P=0.000)、6MWT时间(P=0.000)和10MWT步速(P=0.000)高于训练前;训练8周时水中组患者UPDRSⅢ评分(P=0.037)和TUGT时间(P=0.013)低于陆上组,BBS评分高于陆上组(P=0.018)。结论常规陆上康复训练和水中运动训练均可以改善帕金森病患者运动功能、平衡功能和行走能力,特别是在运动功能和平衡功能方面水中运动训练效果优于常规陆上康复训练。     

视觉反馈结合MOTOmed智能运动训练系统对脑卒中患者平衡以及步行能力的疗效观察

目的 观察视觉反馈结合MOTOmed智能运动训练系统治疗对脑卒中患者平衡以及步行能力的影响。方法 将脑卒中30例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各15例,2组均进行常规康复治疗以及MOTOmed智能运动训练系统训练,观察组在进行MOTOmed智能运动训练系统训练时引导并督促患者将仪器显示器上显示的两侧对称性尽量都保持在50%,直到训练结束; 对照组在进行MOTOmed智能运动训练系统训练时遮蔽显示器上的对称性显示。结果 治疗3周后2组Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分、简式Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能评定量表(FMA)评分以及起立步行实验(TUGT)评分均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),且观察组3项评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。MOTOmed智能运动训练系统中的患侧对称性所占比、训练距离以及训练强度也较对照组有了明显的进步(P<0.05)。结论 视觉反馈结合MOTOmed智能运动训练系统通过患者自身的参与以及自我调整可以更好地提高患者的平衡及步行能力。     

How aging affects the premotor control of lower limb movements in simulated gait

Gait control becomes more demanding in healthy older adults, yet what cognitive or motor process leads to this age‐related change is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate whether it might depend on specific decay in the quality of gait motor representation and/or a more general reduction in the efficiency of lower limb motor control. Younger and older healthy participants performed in fMRI a virtual walking paradigm that combines motor imagery (MI) of walking and standing on the spot with the presence (Dynamic Motor Imagery condition, DMI) or absence (pure MI condition) of overtly executed ankle dorsiflexion. Gait imagery was aided by the concomitant observation of moving videos simulating a stroll in the park from a first‐person perspective. Behaviorally, older participants showed no sign of evident depletion in the quality of gait motor representations, and absence of between‐group differences in the neural correlates of MI. However, while younger participants showed increased frontoparietal activity during DMI, older participants displayed stronger activation of premotor areas when controlling the pure execution of ankle dorsiflexion, regardless of the imagery task. These data suggest that reduced automaticity of lower limb motor control in healthy older subjects leads to the recruitment of additional premotor resources even in the absence of basic gait functional disabilities.     

Comparing functional profiles of children with hemiplegic and diplegic cerebral palsy in GMFCS Levels I and II: are separate classifications needed?

The goal was to compare children with hemiplegia with those with diplegia within Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) levels using multiple validated outcome tools. Specifically, we proposed that children with hemiplegia would have better gait and gross motor function within levels while upper extremity function would be poorer. Data were collected on 422 ambulatory children with cerebral palsy: 261 with diplegia and 161 with hemiplegia, across seven centers. Those with hemiplegia in each level performed significantly and consistently better on gait or lower extremity function and poorer on upper extremity and school function than those with diplegia. In GMFCS Level II, the group with hemiplegia walked faster (p = 0.017), scored 6.6 points higher on Dimension E of the Gross Motor Function Measure (p = 0.017), 6.7 points lower on Upper Extremity subscale of the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument, and 9.1 points lower on WeeFIM self-care (p = 0.002). Basing motor prognosis on GMFCS level alone may underestimate lower extremity skills of children with hemiplegia, and overestimate those of children with diplegia.     

Residual Deficits of Knee Flexors and Plantar Flexors Predict Normalized Walking Performance in Patients with Poststroke Hemiplegia

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the relation of lower limb muscle strength with normalized walking value, gait speed, and balance in patients with poststroke hemiplegia.MethodsFunctional ambulatory unilateral hemiplegic patients were included in the study. Functionality of the lower limb was tested by Fugl-Meyer lower extremity motor subscale. Six-minute walk test (6MWT), 10-meter walk test, and Berg Balance Scale were performed to evaluate functional walking capacity, gait speed, and balance, respectively. Normalized 6MWT value was calculated by using a formula. Maximum isometric strengths of 8 muscle groups of both limbs were measured using a handheld dynamometry and residual deficits of the paretic side muscles were calculated.ResultsThe study population was comprised of 61 hemiplegic patients (mean age: 54.6 ± 11.7 years and mean duration after stroke: 23.4 ± 18.1 months). Mean normalized walking distance on 6MWT was 44.4% of expected. The residual deficits of the affected lower extremity muscles were negatively correlated with normalized 6MWT: hip flexors (r = −.651), hip extensors (r = −.621), hip abductors (r = −.657), hip adductors (r = −.630), knee flexors (r = −.738), knee extensors (r = −.659), ankle dorsiflexors (r = −.776), and ankle plantar flexors (r = −.773). Lower extremity residual deficits also showed moderate-strong negative correlations with Berg Balance Scores and gait speed. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the residual deficits of the ankle plantar flexors and knee flexors are the major independent determinants of normalized 6MWT results (R: .791 R²: 625).ConclusionsResidual deficits of lower extremity muscles-particularly of ankle dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, and knee flexors-are related to walking performance, gait speed and balance. Besides, knee flexors and plantar flexors are predictors of normalized 6MWT.