共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
目的评价珠江三角洲地区居民的综合健康状况。方法采用综合评价法对广州、中山和江门市居民健康状况进行比较。结果广州市居民的期望寿命高于其他2地,但生存质量水平相对较低,发达的经济优势并没有完全转化为健康效应。结论经济的发展对健康的影响并非一定是正向的,综合评价方法可以更加客观地反映居民健康状况。 相似文献
2.
<正>随着欧洲各国卫生保健服务状况的改善,传染性疾病的发病率逐步降低和早逝年龄的推迟,导致疾病谱的改变与总死亡率的下降,使居民的期望寿命有所增加,居民的健康状况在过去20年内出现了明显的改善[1]。但是,由于多种因素的影响,各国居民的期望寿命还存在较大的差异,不同国家分组(注释1)的 相似文献
3.
4.
成都市居民伤残调整期望寿命研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:了解成都市居民失能严重程度,通过失能调整期望寿命对居民的健康状况进行综合评价.方法:采用Sullivan法计算人群伤残调整期望寿命.结果:随着年龄的增加,成都市居民失能严重程度明显上升,0岁组伤残调整期望寿命为65.55岁,期望寿命因失能损失了9.15岁.结论:失能对老年人和女性健康影响较大,应关注疾病造成的非致死性失能后果,提高人群生活质量. 相似文献
5.
6.
健康是各国政府、非政府、国际组织共同关心的主题.随着经济的发展,人类健康遇到了多方面的挑战,如何选用合适的指标评价经济发展对人群健康的影响是个值得探讨的问题. 相似文献
7.
目的了解成都市成人健康状况。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,对成都市1782名18岁以上常住人口进行健康状况调查.使用CHOPIT模型校正自报健康的切点位移偏倚,Sullivan法计算伤残调整期望寿命。结果成都市成人20岁组期望寿命(LE)为58.9岁,伤残调整期望寿命(DALE)为39.6岁;各年龄段女性LE高于男性,但健康测度低于男性,失能导致的寿命损失(DLE)占LE的比例(DLE/LE)高于男性;DLE/LE随着年龄的增加而增加,从20岁组0.33上升到85岁组0.54。结论失能对女性健康影响大于男性,失能对老年人健康的影响大于年轻人。 相似文献
8.
伤残调整期望寿命研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
世纪卫生组织(WHO)的2000年世界卫生报告的出台引起了世界各国的关注,报告提出了基于卫生系统3个内在目标-健康(Health)、反应性(Responsiveness)和筹资公平性(Fairness in Financ-ing)的卫生系统绩效(Performance of Health Systems)评估框架,而且,在2000年世界卫生报告中颇具新意地要用伤残调整期望寿命(Disability-Adjusted Life Expectancy,DALE)作为描述人群健康水平的综合指标(Summary Measure of Population Health,SMPH),并依此对世界卫生组织191个成员国的DALE进行排序,因此,为全面理解和掌握2000年世界卫生报告的内容和意义,本文就将DALE的背景、定义、计算方法,以数据的要求及其用途等作一综述。 相似文献
9.
10.
健康期望寿命是人群健康综合测量的代表性指标,本文介绍了其产生与发展的历程,总结了健康状态期望寿命与健康调整期望寿命两大类指标的特点:前者为两分或多分型指标,计算简便易于解释和理解;后者为权重调整型指标,在指标设计层面更为科学全面,但测算过程复杂。文章介绍了健康调整期望寿命、健康寿命年等指标在世界卫生组织、欧盟等国际组织及地区的应用现状,分析了各自的优劣及前景,并建议我国未来应重视健康期望寿命的研究和应用。 相似文献
11.
An index that evaluates the health level of a population group considering both death and loss of function due to disease is called a summary measure of population health (SMPH). SMPHs are broadly divided into life year indices and life expectancy indices, the latter of which comprise healthy life expectancy (HLE). HLE is included as a policy target in various national and regional level healthcare plans, and the term “HLE” is commonly used in academia and by the public. However, the overall level of understanding of HLE—such as the precise definition of HLE and methods of calculating HLE—still seems to be low. As discussed in this study, the types of HLE are classified into disability-free life expectancy, disease-free life expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy, self-rated HLE, and disability-adjusted life expectancy. Their characteristics are examined to facilitate a correct understanding and appropriate utilization of HLE. In addition, the Sullivan method, as a representative method for calculating HLE, is presented in detail, and major issues in the process of calculating HLE, such as selection of the population group and age group, estimation of death probability, calculation of life years, and incorporation of health weights, are reviewed. This study will help researchers to select an appropriate HLE type and evaluate the validity of HLE research results, and it is expected to contribute to the vitalization of HLE research. 相似文献
12.
《Health & place》2013
Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) is one of the most attractive summary measures of population health. It provides balanced attention to fatal as well as non-fatal health outcomes, is sensitive to the severity of morbidity within the population, and can be readily compared between areas with very different population age structures. HALE, however, cannot be calculated at the small-area level using traditional life table methodology. Hence we propose a Bayesian random-effects modeling approach that recognizes correlations and pools strength between sexes, age-groups, geographical areas, and health outcomes. This approach allows for the calculation of HALE for areas as small as 2000 person years at risk and with relatively modest health state survey sample sizes. The feasibility of the Bayesian approach is illustrated in a real-life example, which also shows how differences in areas' health performances can be adequately quantified. Such information can be invaluable for the appropriate targetting and subsequent evaluation of urban regeneration, neighborhood renewal, and community-based initiatives aimed at improving health and reducing health inequalities. 相似文献
13.
目的:基于卫生系统现有数据测算北京市居民健康期望寿命,对该指标本土化研究与应用提出建议。资料与方法:利用2008年北京市年度人口和死亡资料,第四次国家卫生服务调查和第二次全国残疾人抽样调查资料,基于沙利文法测算常用健康期望寿命指标。结果:2008年北京市居民0岁自评健康期望寿命为72.75岁,男性71.22岁,女性73.89岁。0岁无失能期望寿命75.18岁,男性73.85岁,女性76.56岁。0岁无慢性病期望寿命62.73岁,男性61.87岁,女性63.75岁。北京居民健康期望寿命在期望寿命中的占比男性通常高于女性,但老年人口中,男性健康期望寿命在期望寿命中的占比低于女性。政策建议:使用健康期望寿命作为居民健康状况评价的重要指标,借鉴国外成熟经验建立本土化的数据报告和收集制度,推进居民全生命周期人口相关信息数据的整合与利用,重视老年人口的长期照护需求及其健康支持体系建设。 相似文献
14.
DALY和DALE:两种健康衡量指标内在关系探索 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
梁君林 《中国卫生事业管理》2006,22(2):108-110
伤残调整的生命年(DALY)和伤残调整的预期寿命(DALE)是世界组织和世界银行在对全球疾病负担的研究中,使用的两个综合性衡量人口健康状况的指标。其中,DALY用于表示人口健康状况的有效指标。两个指标都是通过分析疾病、残疾等对健康寿命造成的损失,来衡量各类疾病对人口健康的影响,因而可作为政府在权衡、分配卫生资源时的依据。 相似文献
15.
浙江省居民健康期望寿命分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
目的 分析浙江省居民1998、2003和2008年健康期望寿命以及年龄、性别和城乡之间的差异.方法 利用浙江省死因监测资料和浙江省卫生服务调查家庭户成员相关健康资料,采用Sullivan法计算健康期望寿命.结果 浙江省居民期望寿命、健康期望寿命和健康期望寿命比值,1998年为73.89岁、58.09岁和78.62%,2003年为75.91岁、57.76岁和76.08%,2008年为76.70岁、59.57岁和77.66%.浙江省居民期望寿命、健康期望寿命和健康期望寿命比值均随着年龄的上升而下降.女性期望寿命高于男性,男性健康期望寿命比值高于女性.城市居民期望寿命高于农村居民,但是农村居民健康期望寿命和健康期望寿命比值均高于城市居民.结论 浙江省居民期望寿命随着年份递增而递增,不同年龄、不同性别和不同地区的健康期望寿命存在差异,应采取不同卫生政策. 相似文献
16.
Van Oyen H Bossuyt N Deboosere P Gadeyne S Abatih E Demarest SS 《Sozial- und Pr?ventivmedizin》2005,50(5):301-310
Summary.
Objectives: To evaluate the size of social inequities in health between regions in Belgium using a composite health measure, the disability
free life expectancy (DFLE).
Methods: Mortality data (5-years follow-up of the 1991 census) are combined with the 1997 Health Interview Survey to estimate the
DFLE by education. Differences in partial life expectancy25–74 (LE25–74) and in DFLE25–74 between those at the bottom and those at the top of a relative social scale are used to compare the regional inequities.
Results: The higher educated person has a longer LE, with more years free of disability and less years with disability (in years:
Flemish males: LE = 46.48; DFLE = 42.08; Walloon males: LE = 44.92; DFLE = 39.80; Flemish females: LE = 47.90; DFLE =41.93;
Walloon females: LE = 46.90; DFLE = 39.84) compared to the population at the bottom of the education hierarchy (in years:
Flemish males: LE = 44.86; DFLE = 30.16; Walloon males: LE = 42.77; DFLE = 27.00; Flemish females: LE = 46.86; DFLE =28.30;
Walloon females: LE = 45.44; DFLE = 25.30). The inequity in LE and in DFLE is larger in the Walloon Region than in the Flemish
Region. Only the regional difference in inequity in LE is statistically significant.
Conclusion: The DFLE can be used to monitor the size of health inequities.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
17.
18.
目的研究有色铜生产企业男性职工寿命水平及主要死因,为制定职业病防治策略和措施提供依据。方法对某有色铜生产企业男性职工20世纪80~90年代职工寿命水平的动态变化及职工去死因寿命进行回顾性调查分析。结果该企业职工从20世纪80年代到90年代,各年龄组的平均期望寿命随时间推移而上升明显,15~20岁组跨年代上升5.43岁。但两个年代职工寿命总水平低于同期同地居民。15~20岁组职工在80年代低于铜陵市男性居民2.12岁,20世纪90年代低于铜陵市男性居民0.5岁。职工35岁以前死亡概率低于居民,35岁以后高于居民。职工去肿瘤、去循环系疾患及去矽肺病死亡因素后,15~20岁组可分别增加寿命5.67、3.46、3.02岁。结论研究表明,铜行业生产环境可能影响职工寿命水平,建议有色铜生产企业应该加强职业保护,进一步改善工作环境,以提高职工的健康水平和寿命水平。 相似文献