脑卒中及其危险因素与小而密低密度脂蛋白关系的研究

目的探讨血浆小而密低密度脂蛋白(sdLDL)与脑卒中及其他危险因素的关系。方法采用全自动生化分析仪检测112例脑卒中患者的血浆sdLDL水平,患者均经头颅CT和核磁共振检查证实脑卒中,其中缺血性脑梗死54例,腔隙性脑梗死32例,脑出血26例。对照组120例,性别、年龄匹配并经严格检查排除了脑卒中。观察各组间sdLDL的变化及其与预后的关系,对sdLDL的影响因素采用多元逐步回归进行分析。结果缺血性脑梗死组和腔隙性脑梗死组的血浆sdLDL水平为(1.65±0.31)mmol/L和(1.13±0.21)mmol/L明显高于对照组(0.39±0.14)mmol/L(P<0.01);脑出血组的血浆sdLDL水平(0.48±0.19)mmol/L与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多元逐步回归分析显示,危险因素中的甘油三酯、年龄、收缩压、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白影响血浆sdLDL水平(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,sdLDL/LDL>50%者发生缺血性脑梗死的危险性增加(OR值=3.7,95%可信区间2.672～5.214,P<0.001);sdLDL异常与腔隙性脑梗死和脑出血的关系无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 sdLDL水平与缺血性脑梗死的发生密切相关,可能是缺血性脑梗死的独立危险因素。     

2型糖尿病患者发生冠心病的相关危险因素

 目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者发生冠心病的相关危险因素。方法 选择2型糖尿病216例,根据是否合并冠心病分为单纯2型糖尿病组(n=119)和2型糖尿病合并冠心病组(n=97),分别检测两组的尿微量白蛋白与肌酐比值(urinary albumin creatinine ratio, UACR),游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid, FFA),同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine, Hcy),logistic 回归分析2型糖尿病患者发生冠心病的危险因素。结果 与单纯2型糖尿病组比较,2型糖尿病合并冠心病组的FFA、UACR、Hcy,明显升高[(0.80±0.35)mmol/L vs(0.53±0.20)mmol/L,P=0.035; (65.80±7.50)mg/g vs (40.99±6.07) mg/g,P=0.029;(19.36±6.33)μmol/L vs (12.93±7.07)μmol/L,P=0.033]。多因素logistic 回归分析显示,FFA (OR=2.335,95%CI:1.770~4.018,P=0.018)、UACR(OR=1.166,95%CI:1.082~2.330,P=0.032)、Hcy (OR=2.113,95%CI:1.810~3.770,P=0.026)为2型糖尿病患者发生冠心病的危险因素。结论 FFA、UACR、Hcy均为2型糖尿病患者发生冠心病的相关危险因素,应对这部分人群进行积极的干预和治疗。     

2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝患者的临床相关因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并脂肪肝的临床特点。方法随机选取2型糖尿病患者110例,分别测定血脂水平、血清胰岛素,以及经颅三维多普勒测定颈动脉内膜厚度、肝脏B超等。结果 110例2型糖尿病患者中合并48例非酒精性脂肪肝,其TG为(2.59±1.36)mmol/L,LDL为(2.88±1.01)mmol/L,空腹胰岛素(13.20±3.32)mU/L,计算HOMA-IR 4.78±0.06,均高于无脂肪肝组(P<0.05);同样,糖尿病合并脂肪肝组双侧颈总动脉及颈内动脉厚度均高于无脂肪肝组(P<0.01)。结论 2型糖尿病合并脂肪肝可能与胰岛素抵抗有关,对2型糖尿病全面调脂,防止动脉粥样硬化具有重要价值。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征对2型糖尿病患者血脂异常及颈动脉粥样硬化的影响

 目的 研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)对2型糖尿病患者血脂异常及颈动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法 收集符合入组条件的2型糖尿病患者进行睡眠呼吸监测,根据每小时睡眠呼吸暂停次数(apnea-hypopnea index,AHI)诊断OSAS并判断病情轻重,行超声检查诊断颈动脉粥样硬化。同时记录病程、年龄、腰围,体重指数等临床基本资料,测量血压并计算平均动脉压(mean artery pressure,MAP),完善糖化血红蛋白(HbA₁c)、空腹及餐后2 h血糖、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)检验。结果 106例入组患者中,71例合并OSAS患者为患病组(67%),其中重度16例,中度19例,轻度36例。35例未合并OSAS患者为对照组。患病组TC[(5.16±1.04)mmol/L vs(4.68±1.13)mmol/L,P<0.05]、TG[(2.57±1.27)mmol/L vs (1.81±0.78) mmol/L],P<0.05)、LDL-C[(2.78±0.76)mmol/L vs (2.34±0.82) mmol/L],P<0.05)均高于对照组;患病组HDL-C[(1.21±0.45)mmol/L vs (1.43±0.34) mmol/L],P<0.05)低于对照组。患病组中颈动脉粥样硬化患者更为多见(62.0% vs 31.4%,P<0.05)。进行多因素logistics回归分析后,可见LDL-C(OR1.19,95%CI 1.07～1.21,P<0.05)、AHI(OR1.13,95%CI 0.89～1.14,P<0.05)与颈动脉粥样硬化独立相关。结论 合并OSAS的患者血脂代谢异常更为严重,LDL-C和OSAS严重程度与颈动脉粥样硬化患病独立相关。
     

基于少数类样本合成过抽样技术算法2型糖尿病合并周围神经病变风险预警模型构建

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并周围神经病变的危险因素,并基于少数类样本合成过抽样技术(SMOTE)算法构建2型糖尿病合并周围神经病变的风险预警模型。方法选取自2020年1月至2021年12月芜湖市第二人民医院收治的205例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。根据周围神经病变发生情况将患者分为周围神经病变组(n=70)和无周围神经病变组(n=135)。收集并记录患者的年龄、性别、病程、居住地、婚姻状态、体质量指数、文化程度、饮酒史、吸烟史、糖化血红蛋白、高血压、空腹血糖及合并糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)等资料。采用Logistic回归分析筛选2型糖尿病合并周围神经病变的危险因素,应用SMOTE算法构建2型糖尿病合并周围神经病变的预警模型。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线对预警模型的预测效能进行分析。结果Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、病程、婚姻状态、体质量指数、文化程度、糖化血红蛋白、高血压及合并DR是2型糖尿病合并周围神经病变的危险因素(P<0.05)。原始预警模Logit(P_(1))H-L检验结果(决定系数R^(2)=0.352,P=0.328),提示Logistic回归模型的拟合度良好。基于SMOTE算法的预警模型Logit(P_(2))H-L检验结果(决定系数R^(2)=0.371,P=0.635),提示基于SMOTE算法的预警模型拟合度良好。原始预警模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.809,基于SMOTE算法的预警模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.927。结论年龄、病程、婚姻状态、体质量指数、文化程度、糖化血红蛋白、高血压及合并DR是2型糖尿病合并周围神经病变的危险因素,基于SMOTE算法的预警模型能够对2型糖尿病合并周围神经病变进行准确预测,可帮助临床制定周围神经病变的相关防治对策。     

糖尿病继发泌尿系感染危险因素分析

目的:分析糖尿病继发泌尿系感染的危险因素及发病特点。方法:选择糖尿病合并泌尿系感染299例,对性别、年龄、病程、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖耐量试验、糖化血红蛋白水平、尿流动力学及膀胱镜检查阳性等危险因素与发生泌尿系感染进行相关性分析,并分析尿培养病原菌检出情况。结果:相关分析结果显示,女性、年龄≥60岁、病程≥5年、空腹血糖水平≥10.0mmol/L、糖化血红蛋白水平≥8.0mmol/L、尿流动力学检查阳性与发生泌尿系感染显著或非常显著相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。中段尿培养结果病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占65.2%,其中,居前两位的分别是大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌。结论:糖尿病患者应正规治疗、控制血糖水平;发生泌尿系感染后及早应用敏感抗生素,防止病情迁延。     

航天职工2型糖尿病并发骨质疏松的相关危险因素

 目的 探讨航天职工2型糖尿病患者合并骨质疏松的危险因素。方法 选择航天职工中2型糖尿病患者211例,根据骨密度分为骨质疏松组和非骨质疏松组,对比各组患者年龄、糖尿病病程、体重指数、骨钙素、CTX、25-羟维生素D、甲状旁腺素、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、C肽曲线下面积、HOMA-β、HOMA-CR、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的差异,并进行Logistic回归分析。结果 单因素分析:骨质疏松组和非骨质疏松组比较,糖尿病病程、BMI、25(OH)D、HbA₁c、HOMA-β、HOMA-CR差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析:糖尿病病程(OR=0.007,95%CI:0.000～0.182)、体重指数(OR=8.888,95%CI:1.646～47.998)、糖化血红蛋白(OR=0.497,95%CI:0.332～0.744)、HOMA-β(OR=27.433,95%CI:8.105～92.844)、25-羟维生素D(OR=1.169,95%CI:1.047～1.306)是独立影响因素。结论 长糖尿病病程、低体重、高血糖、胰岛功能差、25-羟维生素D缺乏是航天系统职工2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松的危险因素。     

2型糖尿病合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退症临床表现及其影响因素

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退症临床表现及其影响因素。方法选取2016年1—12月北京市西城区平安医院收治的177例老年2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。根据是否出现亚甲状腺功能减退将患者分为亚甲状腺功能减退组(n=71)与甲状腺功能正常组(n=106)。采用线性回归分析法分析2型糖尿病发生甲状腺功能异常的相关影响因素。结果亚甲状腺功能减退组糖尿病病程长于甲状腺功能正常组,体质量指数、冠心病比例高于甲状腺功能正常组,服用双胍类药物比例低于甲状腺功能正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病病程、体质量指数、糖化血红蛋白、C反应蛋白、甘油三酯、尿微量白蛋白、服用双胍类药物是老年2型糖尿病患者发生亚临床甲状腺功能减退的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论老年2型糖尿病患者合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退症的临床主要表现为糖尿病病程长、体质量指数值高、24 h尿微量白蛋白定量较高,且与冠心病合并率高。     

纤维蛋白原与冠心病危险因素的相关性分析

目的　探讨血浆纤维蛋白原 (Fg)与冠心病危险因素的相关性 ,并比较其在不同冠心病类型及病变程度中的差异。方法　选择 2 0 0 2年 1～ 6月于我院心内科住院、因胸痛拟诊冠心病而接受冠状动脉造影的患者 6 6 4(男 4 77,女 187)例 ,应用Clauss凝固法测定其血浆Fg水平 ,并与其年龄、性别、血脂水平、有无高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒及冠心病类型、冠脉病变程度进行统计学分析。结果　年龄与Fg水平成正相关(r =0 .110 ,P =0 .0 14 ) ;血脂水平中各项指标与Fg水平相关性无统计学意义 ;冠心病患者中有高血压者Fg水平较无高血压者高 [(4 .3± 1.4 ) g/L和 (4 .0± 1.4 ) g/L ,P <0 .0 5 ],而Fg水平与性别、吸烟、饮酒、既往心梗史、糖尿病及冠心病家族史无统计学联系 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;多元逐步回归分析 ,年龄对回归方程贡献最大 ,标准回归系数为 0 .16 0 ,P =0 .0 10 ;高血压贡献次之 ,标准回归系数为 0 .14 0 ,P =0 .0 2 3。急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血浆Fg水平高于非冠心病者 [(4 .4± 1.4 ) g/L和 (4 .0± 1.8) g/L ,P <0 .0 5 ],同时亦高于稳定性心绞痛患者 (P <0 .0 5 )。 3支病变者血浆Fg水平高于单支病变者 [(4 .3± 1.4 )g/L和 (4 .0± 1.3) g/L ,P <0 .0 5 ]。结论　血浆Fg水平与患者年龄、高血压密切相     

白藜芦醇软胶囊对2型糖尿病患者血糖变异及胰岛素抵抗的影响

 目的 探讨白藜芦醇软胶囊对2型糖尿病患者血糖变异及胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法 采用随机数字表法将2型糖尿病80例分为A、B、C、D 4组:每组20例, A、B、C组在基础治疗上加白藜芦醇软胶囊。其中,A组: 250 mg/次,口服,2次/d;B组: 350 mg/次,口服,2次/d;C组:500 mg/次,口服,2次/d,治疗12周;D组为对照组(基础治疗);检测空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FISN)糖化血红蛋白(HbA₁c)、血脂、胰岛素及三餐2h后血糖,计算MBG、血糖波动参数、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)。结果 C组和D组治疗前后各值均数差F各值均数差FPG:[(1.54±0.06) mmol/L vs (0.45±0.01) mmol/L,t=4.562, P=0.037)];FISN:[(4.85±0.35) pmol/ml vs (0.76±0.13)pmol/ml,t=3.467,P=0.025];HbA₁c:[(1.01±0.36)% vs(0.24±0.07)%,t=3.724,P=0.031];平均血糖值:[(1.91±0.22) )mmol/L vs (0.33±0.03) mmol/L,t=4.823, P=0.026]; 血糖变异性:[(1.22±0.23)mmol/L vs(0.07±0.03) mmol/L, t=4.025,P=0.027];血糖标准差:[(0.88±0.12)vs(0.02±0.01),t=3.681,P=0.032]较治疗前明显下降。C组治疗前后HOMA-IR由2级均降至1级、ISI的改善C组优于D组(P<0.01)。结论 白藜芦醇软胶囊对血糖变异及胰岛素抵抗与剂量相关,一定剂量的白藜芦醇软胶囊可降低2型糖尿病患者的平均血糖波动度、血糖标准差,减少HOMA-IR,提高ISI;2型糖尿病患者在服用降糖药的同时,联合服用白藜芦醇软胶囊治疗是较好的选择。     

海岛居民脑梗死合并2型糖尿病119例临床分析

目的 探讨海岛居民脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者的临床特点.方法 以我院2007年11月至2008年11月神经内科病房收治的患者为研究对象,经CT或/和MRI确诊的脑梗死住院患者共512例,其中合并2型糖尿病患者119例为糖尿病组;393例血糖正常的脑梗死患者为对照组,2组进行比较.结果 糖尿病组患者占全部病例的23.2%,糖尿病组患者合并高血压的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.01);多灶件梗死、大面积梗死所占比例明显较对照组高(P<0.05),两组中腔隙性梗死的比例明显高于其他梗死类型,且糖尿病组预后较差(P<0.01).结论 糖尿病是脑梗死的一个重要危险因素,且影响脑梗死的预后.     

绝经后新诊断2型糖尿病腰椎骨髓脂肪成分的MRS测定

目的探讨磁共振波谱成像(MRS)用于定量绝经后新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)病人骨髓脂肪成分的变化,并分析其与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)的相关性。方法收集25例绝经后新诊断T2DM女性病人,年龄(57.4±4.5)岁,以25例健康女性作为对照者,年龄(56.6±4.0)岁。两组均行腰3椎体1H-MRS扫描,计算骨髓脂肪含量(FC)及不饱和脂肪指数(UFI)。测定被检者空腹血糖及HbA1C。采用独立样本t检验比较组间年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、血糖、HbA1C、FC及UFI差异,采用Pearson相关分析两组的FC、UFI与血糖及HbA1C的相关性。结果T2DM组骨髓FC值(63.2%±7.4%)与正常对照组(60.9%±6.9%)差异无统计学意义,但T2DM组骨髓UFI(6.1%±0.8%)较正常对照组(7.6%±0.9%)降低(t=-3.775,P0.001)。T2DM组HbA1C7.0%者的骨髓FC(66.0%±6.3%)高于HbA1C≤7.0%者(57.6%±6.5%)(t=2.893,P0.001)。T2DM组骨髓FC与HbA1C呈高度正相关(r=0.801,P0.001),而骨髓UFI与HbA1C水平呈负相关(r=-0.746,P0.001),但FC(r=0.226,P=0.206)和UFI(r=-0.184,P=0.589)与血糖无相关性。结论 T2DM病人腰椎骨髓FC可无明显变化,但UFI明显降低。T2DM骨髓脂肪成分与HbA1C密切相关,MRS测定骨髓脂肪组分可看作血糖控制程度的标志。     

超敏C反应蛋白与2型糖尿病大血管病变的关系

目的探讨超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）与2型糖尿病大血管病变的关系。方法收集122例2型糖尿病合并大血管病变患者（大血管病变组）、60例无大血管病变的2型糖尿病患者（2型糖尿病组）、35例健康人（对照组）的临床资料。比较3组hsCRP水平的差异,分析hsCRP的相关因素。采用Logistic回归分析探讨2型糖尿病患者大血管病变的相关因素。结果大血管病变组hsCRP水平高于2型糖尿病组及对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;2型糖尿病组hsCRP水平高于对照组（P〈0.05）。相关分析表明,hsCRP与糖尿病病程、高血压、体质量指数（BMI）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖（FPG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）呈正相关（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）呈负相关（P〈0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示2型糖尿病大血管病变与HbA1c、hsCRP、糖尿病病程有关。结论 hsCRP是2型糖尿病大血管病变的重要相关因素,hsCRP可能是2型糖尿病大血管病变的独立预测因子,慢性炎症反应可能参与了2型糖尿病大血管病变的发生发展。     

Cardiac adrenergic denervation in patients with non-Q-wave versus Q-wave myocardial infarction

In spite of smaller infarct size and better preserved left ventricular function the long-term prognosis after a non-Q-wave infarction is not better than after a Q-wave infarction. In fact, the risk of sudden cardiac death is higher in patients with a non-Q-wave infarction than in patients with a Q-wave infarction. One possible reason for postinfarction arrhythmias is cardiac adrenergic denervation resulting from myocardial infarction. In this study we compared cardiac adrenergic innervation after non-Q-wave and Q-wave infarctions. Single-photon emission tomography using iodine-123 metaiodobentzylguanidine (MIBG) and technetium-99m sestamibi (MIBI) tracers were conducted in order to compare cardiac adrenergic denervation and myocardial perfusion in 12 patients with a non-Q-wave infarction and 15 patients with a Q-wave infarction. MIBG and MIBI defects were determined as regional uptake ≤30% of maximal myocardial activity. The size of MIBI defects calculated as a percentage of left ventricular mass was significantly smaller in patients with a non-Q-wave infarction than in patients with a Q-wave infarction (4%±3% vs 9%±7%, P<0.05, respectively). According to the maximal serum creatine kinase activity, less myocardium was damaged in patients with a non-Q-wave infarction than in patients with a Q-wave infarction (502±436 IU/l vs 1878± 1265 IU/l, P<0.001). In spite of this, the extent of MIBG defects was similar in patients with a non-Q-wave and patients with a Q-wave infarction (21%±18% vs 23%± 12%, respectively). In addition, the size of MIBG defect correlated with the infarct size (maximal creatine kinase activity) (r=0.52, P<0.05) after a Q-wave infarction but not after a non-Q-wave infarction. In conclusion, despite a smaller infarct size in non-Q-wave infarct patients, the extent of cardiac adrenergic denervation was similar in patients with a non-Q-wave and patients with a Q-wave infarction. In addition, the extent of cardiac adrenergic denervation was related to the infarct size in patients with a Q-wave infarction but not in patients with a non-Q-wave infarction. Received 19 January 2000 and in revised form 24 March 2000     

Use of iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy to assess cardiac sympathetic denervation and the impact of hypertension in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

The objectives of this clinical study using iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy were (a) to evaluate cardiac sympathetic denervation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with and without hypertension and (b) to investigate the relation between cardiac sympathetic denervation and prognosis in NIDDM patients. We compared clinical characteristics and MIBG data [heart to mediastinum (H/M) ratio and % washout rate (WR)] in a control group and NIDDM patients with and without hypertension. MIBG scintigraphy was performed in 11 controls and 82 NIDDM patients without overt cardiovascular disease except for hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg). After MIBG examination, blood pressure was measured regularly in all NIDDM patients. There were significant differences between 65 normotensive and 17 hypertensive NIDDM patients with respect to age (55±11 vs 63±12 years, respectively, P<0.05), prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (12% vs 35%, respectively, P<0.05) and systolic blood pressure (120±12 vs 145±16 mmHg, respectively, P<0.001). The H/M ratio in hypertensive NIDDM patients was significantly lower than in the control group (1.81±0.29 vs 2.27±0.20, respectively, P<0.01). During the follow-up period (18± 12 months), 17 NIDDM patients newly developed hypertension after MIBG examination. There were no significant differences in their clinical characteristics compared with persistently normotensive or hypertensive NIDDM patients. %WR in patients with new onset hypertension was significantly higher than in the control group (30.88%±16.87% vs 12.89%±11.94%, respectively, P<0.05). Moreover, in these patients %WR correlated with duration from the date of MIBG scintigraphy to the onset of hypertension (r=-0.512, P<0.05). Five NIDDM patients died during the follow-up period (four newly hypertensive patients and one normotensive patient). There were significant statistical differences between the control group and non-survivors in terms of age (54±11 vs 73±11 years, respectively, P<0.01), H/M ratio (2.27± 0.20 vs 1.64±0.36, respectively, P<0.01) and %WR (12.89%±11.94% vs 42.52%±22.39%, respectively, P<0.01). In conclusion, cardiac sympathetic denervation using MIBG scintigraphy observed in hypertensive NIDDM patients, and was more profound in non-survivors. MIBG scintigraphy proved useful for the evaluation of NIDDM patients with new onset hypertension, and it was found that NIDDM patients with abnormalities on MIBG scintigraphy needed to be observe carefully. Received 1 April and in revised form 27 May 1999     

颅脑外伤去骨瓣减压术后并发脑梗死危险因素分析

目的 探讨颅脑外伤患者去骨瓣减压术后并发脑梗死的相关危险因素,为其预防提供参考.方法 将68例颅脑外伤去骨瓣减压术后并发脑梗死患者作为观察组,另外89例未并发脑梗死患者作为对照组,对相关因素进行单因素及多因素回归分析.结果 颅脑外伤去骨瓣减压术后脑梗死发生率为43.3%,病死率为23.5%.单因素分析发现,年龄＞60岁、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、陈旧性脑梗死、GCS昏迷评分＜8分、神经系统阳性体征、休克、急性硬膜下血肿、脑挫裂伤、损伤程度、入院时间与术后脑梗死发生相关.多因素分析发现年龄＞60岁、伴高血压、伴糖尿病、伴冠心病、伴陈旧性脑梗死、GCS昏迷评分＜8分、有神经系统阳性体征、轻度损伤、中度损伤、入院时间＜4 h为相关因素,其中轻度损伤、中度损伤、入院时间＜4 h为保护性因素,其余7项为危险因素.结论 年龄＞60岁、伴发心脑血管疾病或糖尿病、受伤程度、GCS评分等与颅脑外伤患者去骨瓣减压术后并发脑梗死相关,正确认识这些危险因素对其防治具有指导意义.     

Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single-photon emission tomography of regional cerebral blood flow in insulin-dependent diabetes

The study was performed to investigate subclinical abnormalities in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and to correlate them with patients' characteristics. After intravenous injection of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO), tracer uptake of the prefrontal, frontal and parieto-occipital zones was measured with a triple-head single-photon emission tomography (SPET) camera system in 35 IDDM patients outside an episode of hypoglycaemia. Tracer uptake values in 16 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers served as reference values. Compared with healthy subjects, increased tracer uptake of both prefrontal regions and the left frontal region could be shown in diabetes. Tracer uptake was negatively correlated with the duration of diabetes in all investigated regions. In diabetic patients with a disease duration of more than 5 years (n=26), stepwise regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between their HbA1c levels and tracer uptake. Long-term diabetic patients with reduced (pre)frontal tracer uptake (n=8) had lower HbA1c levels than those without (8.4%±0.2% vs 9.3%±0.3%,P<0.05) and tended to have more frequently a history of hypoglycaemic coma (6/8 vs 6/18,P=0.06). It can be concluded that duration of diabetes contributes to subclinical changes in basal rCBF in IDDM as detected with HMPAO SPET of the brain. The positive correlation between the presence of regional hypoperfusion and lower HbA1c levels in long-term diabetic patients may be interpreted in the light of a presumed higher incidence of hypoglycaemia as metabolic control improves.     

Preoperative risk stratification by adenosine thallium 201 single-photon emission computed tomography in patients undergoing vascular surgery

Background

Adenosine perfusion scintigraphy is a powerful technique for diagnosing coronary artery disease and risk stratifying patients with recent myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

We investigated the use of adenosine ²⁰¹Tl tomography to risk stratify 106 patients undergoing vascular arterial reconstruction consisting of lower limb arterial grafting in 44, aortic aneurysmectomy in 36, and carotid endarterectomy in 26 patients. Abnormal tomograms occurred in 57 patients (54%), 47 (82%) of whom had reversible perfusion defects. There were three postoperative deaths, all in the group that underwent aortic aneurysmectomy. Another patient with an aortic aneurysm had unstable angina and one patient who underwent lower limb arterial surgery had pulmonary edema after surgery. No patient without transient defects had an event (negative predictive value 100%). Cardiac events occurred only in patients with transient perfusion defects. However, only 5 of 47 such patients had events (positive predictive value 11%). The perfusion defect size (23%±14% vs 8.9%±135; p=0.034) and the ischemic fraction (20%±16% vs 5.6%±8.9%; p=0.009) were 2.5- and 3.5-fold larger, respectively, in patients with than in those without events. A history of diabetes mellius or previous infarction did not enhance the predictive value of the test.

Conclusion

Thus absence of reversible hypoperfusion during adenosine scintigraphy ensures virtual absence of postoperative cardiac events. Patients undergoing aortic aneurysmectomy may be targeted preferentially for risk-stratification strategies in the future.     

Left Gastric Artery Embolization in Obese,Prediabetic Patients: A Pilot Study

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of left gastric artery embolization (LGAE) on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a prospective obese, prediabetic cohort.Materials and MethodsThis prospective pilot study included 10 obese, prediabetic patients (7 females and 3 males; mean age 37.5 ± 8.8 years; range 28–51 years) admitted to the Interventional Radiology Unit between January 2017 and June 2018 for LGAE for weight reduction. The main inclusion criteria were body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m² and HbA1c ranging from 5.7 to 6.4. Body weight, BMI, and HbA1c were assessed for each patient preprocedure and at 6 months postprocedure. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired sample t test.ResultsThe baseline mean body weight, BMI, and HbA1c were 107.4 ± 12.8 kg, 37.4 ± 3.3 kg/m², and 6 ± 0.2, respectively. Concerning complications, no serious adverse events were detected. Six months after the procedure, the mean body weight and BMI significantly decreased to 98 ± 11.6 kg and 34.1 ± 3 kg/m², respectively (P < .0001). A paired sample t test showed a significant reduction in HbA1c from pre- to postprocedure (6.1 ± 0.2 preprocedure vs 4.7 ± 0.6 postprocedure, P < .0001). The mean percent reductions in body weight, BMI, and HbA1c were 8.9% ± 1.2, 8.8% ± 1, and 21.4% ± 8.9, respectively. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between BMI and HbA1c after the procedure (r = 0.91, P = .0002).ConclusionsLGAE is well tolerated and leads to clinically significant decreases in weight and HbA1c in obese, prediabetic patients.     

Abnormal blood-pressure response to exercise and oxygen consumption in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Background Abnormal blood-pressure response during exercise occurs in about one third of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and it has been associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. We assessed the hemodynamics of exercise in HCM patients with abnormal blood-pressure response by using ambulatory radionuclide monitoring (VEST) of left-ventricular (LV) function, and exercise tolerance by oxygen consumption. Methods Twenty-two HCM patients uderwent treadmill exercise during VEST monitoring. A cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed a few days after. The VEST data were averaged for 1 minute. Stroke volume, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance were expressed as percent of baseline. Exercise tolerance was assessed as maximal oxygen consumption. Results In eight HCM patients (36%) with an abnormal blood-pressure response, endsystolic volume increased more (52%±21% vs 31%±28%, P=.012), and the ejection fraction (−31%±17% vs−14%±22%, P=.029) and stroke volume (−21%±21% vs 3%±28%, P=.026) fell more, than in patients with normal response. Cardiac output increased less in the former patients (49%±44% vs 94%±44%, P=.012). Systemic vascular resistance decreased similarly, irrespective of blood-pressure response (−28%±26% vs −34%±26%. P=N.S.). Percent of maximal predicted oxygen consumption was lower in HCM patients with an abnormal blood-pressure response (63%±11% vs 78%±15%, P=.025). Conclusions In HCM patients, abnormal blood-pressure response was associated with exercise-induced LV systolic dysfunction and impairment in oxygen consumption. This may cause hemodynamic instability, associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death.