超高倍显微分析在妇科泌尿生殖道病原微生物检测中的诊断意义

目的 探讨妇科泌尿生殖道病原微生物检测中超高倍显微分析的诊断意义。方法 回顾性选取2020年2月—2021年2月该院妇科患者200例,均接受微生物培养法、超高倍显微分析检测法、病理学检测法检测,分析妇科泌尿生殖道病原微生物感染情况,统计分析微生物培养法、超高倍显微分析检测法检测结果及诊断价值。结果 200例妇科患者中,病理学检测法检出病原体176例,泌尿生殖道病原微生物感染率为88.00%,主要为支原体,占总数的25.00%;其次为念珠菌、霉菌、加德纳杆菌,分别占总数的18.50%、17.50%、16.00%;最后为滴虫,占总数的11.50%。超高倍显微分析检测法和微生物培养法的病原体检出率分别为84.00%(168/200)、82.50%(165/200),差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.161,P>0.05),其中支原体、念珠菌、霉菌、加德纳杆菌、滴虫检出率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。超高倍显微分析检测法检测的灵敏性为90.91%(160/176),特异性为66.67%(16/24),准确性为88.00%(176/200),阳性预测值为95....     

实验方法与改进

072569免疫透射比浊法定标方式的探讨；072570 ELISA预包被板条室内预检方法的建立及初步应用；072571丽春红S共振光散射光谱法测定尿蛋白；072572多媒体超高倍显微分析仪在诊断泌尿生殖系感染中的应用；072573自建生化检测系统的量值溯源性和可比性研究；072574 PEG沉淀结合碱裂解法提取DNA可消除肝素对PCR检测结果的影响。     

显微镜在妇科泌尿生殖道病原微生物检测中诊断与应用

目的:探讨显微镜在妇科泌尿生殖道病原微生物检测中诊断价值及其应用。方法:选择我院妇科2013年1至2016年1月送检的l000例女性患者阴道分泌物标本,采用超高倍显微镜和微生物培养法对所有标本进行检测,记录本组标本中病原体感染检出率,并与微生物培养检测结果进行比较,判断超高倍显微镜检测的准确性。结果:本组通过超高倍显微镜共检测出709例阳性病例,阳性率为70. 9%,在感染的所有病例中,以支原体感染最多,占21. 5%,其次为念珠菌、霉菌、加德纳杆菌和滴虫。其中两种以上病原菌感染共检出121占12. 1%。微生物培养法测出阳性率为67. 6%,两组阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:超高倍显微镜对妇科泌尿生殖道病原微生物检测简单、快捷、方便、准确率高。     

呼吸系统疾病真菌感染3种检测方法的比较

目的比较痰涂片两种镜检法与真菌培养法检测真菌的结果。方法对呼吸道感染性疾病患者的痰液做真菌培养,并应用超高倍显微分析仪、光电显微镜对痰涂片染色直接镜检检测真菌,将3种方法的结果进行比较并做统计学处理。结果 286例呼吸道感染性疾病患者的痰液标本超高倍显微分析仪镜检法检出真菌率(30.7%),与真菌培养法检出率(26.8%)无明显差异。光电显微镜镜检法检出真菌率(16.1%),与真菌培养法(26.8%)比较以及光电显微镜镜检法与超高倍显微仪分析法相比较,结果均有明显差异。结论应用超高倍显微分析仪痰涂片染色镜检是一种简便、快速、准确诊断呼吸系统真菌感染的筛查方法,对临床早期采用正确治疗措施、避免不合理使用抗生素有重要的临床意义。     

超高倍显微镜在生殖道病原微生物检测中的应用

目的 评价超高倍显微镜在生殖道疾病病原微生物检测中的应用价值.方法 应用超高倍显微镜分析系统直接动态观察分泌物标本中的话体病原体.结果 在821例生殖道分泌物标本中病原体的总阳性率为84.53%,支原体和衣原体的阳性检出率为46.04%,霉菌阳性检出率为17.66%,滴虫阳性检出率5.96%,细胞内双球菌检出率为4.02%,多种病原体感染率为34.96%.结论 超高倍显微成像系统可作为临床诊断生殖道疾病病原体的一种快速、有效的检测技术方法.     

妇科白带涂片超高倍显微镜检查结果分析

目的了解妇科生殖系统病原体的临床分布:包括加特纳杆菌(Gardnerella vaginalis GV)、霉菌(fungus)、阴道毛滴虫(Trichomonas vaginalis TV)、支原体(mycoplasma)、衣原体(Chlamydia)、革兰氏阴性双球菌(G-diplococcus)和纤毛菌(Lepto-trichia)。方法将宫颈拭子(swab)白带标本用生理盐水直接涂片,在超高倍显微镜下查找病原体,部分进行革兰氏染色检查,对各种病原体单纯感染和混合感染进行分析和统计。结果病原体总阳性率31.8%,其中单纯感染占72.6%,混合感染占27.4%。结论用超高倍显微镜检查白带,将有助于临床诊断和疗效观察、对流行病学调查也有很大意义,其检出率高,速度快,可以对妇科分泌物标本进行全面的病原体检查。     

泌尿生殖系感染498例病原体检测结果分析

目的：了解江苏省盐城地区泌尿生殖系病原体感染情况。方法：淋病奈瑟氏球菌（NG）、解脲支原体（UU）、人型支原体（Mh）、沙眼衣原体（CT）采用专用培养基,念珠菌鉴定到种。结果：单项病原体检出了314例（63.1%）,两种病原体混合感染检出167例（33.5%）,三种以上病原体混合感染检出17例（3.4%）,六种病原体感染率分别为UU 83.9%,Mh 27.9%,念珠菌15.4%,CT 6.6%,NG 5.4%,滴虫1.2%。结论：盐城地区泌尿生殖系感染中以单一感染为主,其中解脲支原体居首位;混合感染中以解脲支原体合并其他病原体感染为主。     

广西河池地区性病门诊首次就诊患者泌尿生殖道病原体荧光定量PCR检测结果分析

目的了解本地区泌尿生殖道感染者病原体感染及检出情况,为相关流行病学调查及其预防治疗提供有效的科学数据。方法采用荧光定量PCR（FQ-PCR）法对2011年2月至2012年2月来本医院就诊的3310例就诊者标本,进行3种病原体UU、CT和NG基因定量测定。结果 3种病原体总阳性检出率为48.0%（1590/3310）。三种病原体单独模式感染检出总率为40.90%,混合模式感染检出率为7.13%,二者差异有统计学意义。其中男性单项感染中UU、CT和NG检出率分别为18.12%、1.36%和0.36%;混合感染中UU＋CT、UU＋NG、CT＋NG以及UU＋CT＋NG的阳性率分别为3.32%、0.15%、0.24%和0.00%。女性单项感染UU、CT和NG检出率分别为19.63%、1.21%和0.21%;UU＋CT、UU＋NG、CT＋NG以及UU＋CT＋NG的阳性率分别为3.23%、0.12%、0.06%和0.00%;4种病原体混合感染模式差异无统计学意义。阳性检出人群主要集中在20~40岁,占42.78%。男女患者间三种病原体感染检出率均无差异。结论河池地区本院就诊者3种病原体的检测中,UU感染检出率最高,有必要进行常规检查。单项感染模式病原体检出率显著高于混合感染模式;42.78%的阳性患者在20~40岁的性活跃期青壮年,这提示三种病原体的感染检出率与患者的性生活频繁或紊乱相关。女性在三种病原体总体传播过程中更容易感染,应加强自我保护及时就医。FQ-PCR检测NG、CT、UU具有操作简单、反应时间短、结果客观准确、敏感性和特异性好的优点,适宜门诊初查。     

某院三种性传播疾病的流行病学分析

分析本院三种常见性传播疾病病原体的感染状况及特点,为本地区防治工作提供依据。采用实时荧光定量PCR法对本院5828例疑似泌尿生殖道炎症患者进行解脲脲原体(Uu)、沙眼衣原体(CT)、淋病奈瑟菌(NG)病原体的DNA定量检测,并对结果进行统计分析。三种性传播疾病的总阳性率为56.4%,病原体Uu、CT、NG阳性率分别为45.4%、8.0%、3.0%。男性、女性阳性率分别为45.5%、65.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。20~40岁年龄段为主要感染人群,占83.8%,以Uu、CT流行为主。混合感染的总检出率为5.19%。加强泌尿生殖道炎症患者性传播疾病病原体的监测,对减少其流行与扩散具有重要意义。     

泌尿生殖系四种病原体感染的实验室诊断分析

目的探讨泌尿系生殖系淋球菌、沙眼衣原体、解脲支原体、人型支原体四种病原体感染与性传播疾病的关系,为临床提供实验室诊断依据.方法对临床拟诊为泌尿生殖系感染,具有典型尿路刺激症状,近期未服用抗生素的患者取尿(阴)道分泌物,淋球菌检测采用淋球菌选择性培养基进行培养;支原体用法国生物-梅里埃公司生产的MycoplasI-maIST支原体培养鉴定试剂进行支原体[解脲支原体(UU),人型支原体(MH)]沙眼衣原体采用金标免疫斑点法,由英国OXOID公司生产的立明试剂进行培养和鉴定.结果10219例泌尿系感染患者中总的病原体检出率为17.52%(1790/10219);淋球菌感染率为2.79%(44/1579);沙眼衣原体感染率为7.04%(208/2955);解脲支原体感染率为36.78%(1276/3469);人型支原体感染率为11.82%(262/2216).结论开展淋球菌、支原体培养及沙眼衣原体的检测对临床确诊淋病、非淋菌性尿道炎有着极重要的作用.     

A double-blind controlled trial of norfloxacin versus cotrimoxazole in the treatment of urinary tract infections

A double-blind controlled trial of norfloxacin versus cotrimoxazole in the treatment of urinary tract infections was conducted. Eighty-eight patients were recruited but data from 80 patients were analysed. Norfloxacin cured 93 per cent of the infections while the cure rate achieved by cotrimoxazole was only 70 per cent (p = 0.03, Fisher's exact test). The difference was attributable to a higher incidence of resistance to cotrimoxazole among the bacterial isolates. Escheria coli was the commonest pathogen and together with klebsiella accounted for 78 per cent of all isolates. Fifteen per cent of E coli and 15 per cent of klebsiella isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole while all were sensitive to norfloxacin. Side effects were minimal and consisted mainly of nausea and non-specific dizziness.     

Iatrogenic medication: estimation of its prevalence in French public hospitals. Regional Centers of Pharmacovigilance

The French network of Regional Centres of Pharmacovigilance has made an estimation of the occurrence of adverse drug reactions in a representative sample of patients in French public hospitals (departments of medicine, of surgery and of geriatrics). The study looked at one specific day in the spring of 1997. Each observed case of adverse drug reaction was validated. The total sample comprised 2132 patients of whom 969 were in a university hospital and 1163 in a general hospital. The hospitals and units concerned are representative of the country as a whole. One adverse drug reaction at least was present for 221 patients on the day of the investigation. This means a prevalence rate of 10.3 per cent (95 per cent CI: 8.7 to 11.9 per cent). In 33 per cent of cases (95 per cent CI: 26 to 42 per cent), the observed effects were rated as serious. From an incidence rate of 1.8 per cent (95 per cent CI: 1.0 to 25 per cent) on one specified day it can be estimated that in France an adverse drug reaction will occur in about 1,300,000 patients per year during a stay in hospital.     

Study of voluntary drug intoxication in an emergency unit

Voluntary drug intoxications are not systematically recorded. Main aspects of this important problem have been studied in the unit responsible for medico-psychological emergencies in the university hospital of Poitiers. Files of all patients admitted to the unit from January to December 1994 have been analysed and 598 patients were included in our study. Of these, 67 per cent were females. 31 per cent were 20 to 29 years old and for the most part unemployed (62.5 per cent). Drugs most commonly used are benzodiazepines (39 per cent), alone or often associated with alcohol (33 per cent). A fatal outcome was observed in one patient. In many cases (50 per cent) this was not the first episode of voluntary intoxication; 53 per cent of the patients were discharged from hospital after a psychiatric consultation. For many years, voluntary drug intoxication frequency has increased continually. All cases have a specific intention that we have to clarify in order to take effective preventive measures to prevent recidivism.     

高通量测序技术在尿路感染及腹膜透析相关腹膜炎病原学诊断中的价值

目的 比较尿路感染、腹膜透析相关腹膜炎患者采用高通量测序技术、常规培养法对病原体的检出情况,探讨高通量测序技术在尿路感染、腹膜透析相关腹膜炎病原学诊断中的应用价值.方法 收集77例尿路感染患者中段尿标本,36例腹膜透析相关腹膜炎患者透析流出液标本,分别应用高通量测序技术、常规培养法进行检测,记录病原体检出率及病原体分布...     

Tuberculosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1. A retrospective multicentre study of 123 cases in France. The Groupe des Infectiologues du Sud de la France.

In order to study the epidemiological, clinical, and progressive characteristics of TB in HIV-infected individuals, a retrospective study was conducted in nine infectious disease centres of university hospitals located in the southern half of France. Among the 5730 HIV-seropositive in- and out-patients, 123 (2.1 per cent) had TB (121 infections caused by M. tuberculosis, 2 by M. bovis). Tuberculosis was pulmonary in 53 patients (43.1 per cent), extrapulmonary in 36 patients (29.3 per cent), and combined in 34 patients (27.6 per cent). There was no statistically significant difference among these three locations as to the mean CD4 count/mm3 (160 +/- 17), the type of antituberculosis therapy, the length of treatment (10.8 +/- 0.6 months) and the outcome. Fifty-two (45.2 per cent) patients received an initial antituberculosis therapeutic regimen of four drugs: isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide; 54 (46.9 per cent) were started on three drugs: isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol; and nine (7.8 per cent) received a two-drug combination: isoniazid, rifampicin. Fourteen of 75 patients subsequently received secondary preventive therapy. The mean follow-up time was 252 +/- 290 days. Clinical healing was obtained in 57.7 per cent of patients. Forty-six patients died, 33 during treatment: 23 from AIDS and eight from TB (in the first 3 weeks of treatment). Five patients suffered from relapses due to poor treatment compliance. Patients had a good prognosis if tuberculosis was diagnosed early.     

Exposure-response analyses of tigecycline efficacy in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections

Exposure-response analyses were performed to test the microbiological and clinical efficacies of tigecycline in complicated intra-abdominal infections where Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis are the predominant pathogens. Data from evaluable patients enrolled in three clinical trials were pooled. Patients received intravenous tigecycline (100-mg loading dose followed by 50 mg every 12 h or 50-mg loading dose followed by 25 mg every 12 h). At the test-of-cure visit, microbiological and clinical responses were evaluated. Patients were prospectively classified into cohorts based on infection with a baseline pathogen(s): E. coli only (cohort 1), other mono- or polymicrobial Enterobacteriaceae (cohort 2), at least one Enterobacteriaceae pathogen plus an anaerobe(s) (cohort 3), at least one Enterobacteriaceae pathogen plus a gram-positive pathogen(s) (cohort 4), and all other pathogens (cohort 5). The cohorts were prospectively combined to increase sample size. Logistic regression was used to evaluate ratio of steady-state 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) to MIC as a response predictor, and classification-and-regression-tree (CART) analyses were utilized to determine AUC/MIC breakpoints. Analysis began with cohorts 1, 2, and 3 pooled, which included 71 patients, with 106 pathogens. The small sample size precluded evaluation of cohorts 1 (34 patients, 35 E. coli pathogens) and 2 (16 patients, 24 Enterobacteriaceae). CART analyses identified a significant AUC/MIC breakpoint of 6.96 for microbiological and clinical responses (P values of 0.0004 and 0.399, respectively). The continuous AUC/MIC ratio was also borderline predictive of microbiological response (P = 0.0568). Cohort 4 (21 patients, 50 pathogens) was evaluated separately; however, an exposure-response relationship was not detected; cohort 5 (31 patients, 60 pathogens) was not evaluated. The prospective approach of creating homogenous populations of pathogens was critical for identifying exposure-response relationships in complicated intra-abdominal infections.     

Evaluation of the effect of tobacco on trandolapril tolerance

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of smoking habits on safety of trandolapril assessed by interrogation and by visual analogue scales (VAS). A total of 3402 hypertensive smokers (> or = 1 cigarette/d for at least 6 months) and non-smokers (no smoking or ceased at least 6 months previously) received trandolapril 2 mg/d for 4 weeks. The safety profile of trandolapril was assessed by both interrogation and by VAS. The VAS completed by the patients at D0 and D28 explored the following symptoms: asthenia, nausea, cough, headaches and dizziness. A significant change in cough VAS was previously defined by an at least 19 mm change. VAS analysis was performed on 2840 patients (1296 smokers and 1544 non-smokers), mean age 59 +/- 12 years. Smokers and non-smokers were significantly different for age 56 +/- 12 years vs. 62 +/- 12 years, sex ratio 74 per cent males vs. 45 per cent, history of hypertension 4.5 +/- 6.1 years vs. 5.3 +/- 6.5 years and cough VAS score at D0 35 +/- 26 mm vs. 20 +/- 21 mm. In the total population, 214 adverse events were reported by 177 patients (5.2 per cent). The most frequent adverse events were a cough (2.1 per cent), bronchitis (0.6 per cent), headaches (0.5 per cent), rhinitis (0.4 per cent), nausea (0.4 per cent) and asthenia (0.3 per cent). Cough was reported by 23 smokers (1.5 per cent) and by 49 (2.6 per cent) non-smokers (p = 0.02). In the VAS population, 151 adverse events were reported by 130 patients, 47 smokers (3.6 per cent) and 83 non-smokers (5.4 per cent, p = 0.03). The difference between the two groups was mainly due to a cough: 15 smokers (1.2 per cent) reported a cough vs. 38 non-smokers (2.5 per cent, p = 0.01) and 77 smokers (5.9 per cent) presented a significant change of cough VAS score vs. 124 non-smokers (8.0 per cent, p = 0.03). In this large scale study, 1.9 per cent of patients treated with trandolapril exhibited a cough. Smokers were less likely to present a cough. Use of VAS confirmed this trend.     

The Effects of Viral Infections on Renal Transplants and Their Recipients

A prospective study of viral infections occurring after 188renal transplants in 167 patients showed active cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection after 52 per cent of transplantations. All 37CMV seronegative cases who received grafts from seronegativedonors remained free of infection, while 24 (70·6 percent) of 34 seronegative recipients whose donors were seropositivedeveloped primary CMV infection (p<0·001). The diagnosisof 92 per cent of these primary infections was made betweenone and two months after grafting. Secondary CMV infection wasfound in 71(62 per cent) of 114 seropositive cases, and thefrequency of infection was not affected by the CMV status ofthe renal donor. Neither acute rejection episodes nor totalgraft rejections were associated with primary or secondary infections.CMV was isolated from a colonic abscess and the relationshipof the virus to the intestinal disease is discussed. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from 47 per cent of casesand 32 per cent had an increase in antibody titre. Zoster wasseen in nine patients, representing an incidence of 3·4per cent per year. Other viral or mycoplasmal infections diagnosedincluded 71 due to respiratory tract pathogens, and a singlecase of hepatitis B. None of these infections was particularlysevere or frequent and no association with graft rejection wasdetected.     

Colonization with potentially pathogenic respiratory tract bacteria. A household study

A group of 235 persons (180 adults and 55 children 0-15 years old) recorded symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection daily during two three-month periods (autumn 1986 and spring 1987). Samples for culture were taken from the nasopharynx and throat once during each period. Fifteen per cent of asymptomatic subjects harboured respiratory pathogens in the nasopharynx, as did 28% of those subjects with minor respiratory tract infections and 46% of those with more severe respiratory tract infections. Of children up to seven years of age, 58% were colonized with potential respiratory pathogens, which is important to keep in mind when evaluating culture reports from young children. Adults living with young children were colonized significantly more often than other adults. Branhamella catarrhalis was the most common pathogen.     

SLE: a rheumatological view. Analysis of the clinical features, serology and immunogenetics of 100 SLE patients during long-term follow-up

Clinical features and immunogenetics were assessed in 100 SLE patients attending a rheumatology clinic for periods ranging from six months to 11 years (mean five years). Five-year survival was 88 per cent. Joint problems (94 per cent), rash (90 per cent) and haematological abnormalities (89 per cent) were the most common clinical features; neuropsychiatric disturbance (45 per cent) and renal disease (29 per cent) were seen less frequently. A range of serological abnormalities was found, including antinuclear antibodies (98 per cent) and antibodies to phospholipids (38 per cent). Anti-Sm antibodies (7 per cent) showed a marked ethnic bias. Tissue typing confirmed the importance of genetic factors by demonstrating significant increases in A1, B8 and DR3 in white Caucasians. The composite phenotype A1,B8,DR3 was present in 35 per cent of white Caucasian patients with SLE. The A1,B8 phenotype was associated with a relative risk of 8.0 and B8,DR3 with a relative risk of 8.32.