河南省某市污泥处置利用工程职业危害因素现状

目的了解某污泥处置利用工程职业病危害现状和职业防护措施情况,旨在保护劳动者健康。方法按照GBZ 159-2004的采样要求进行采样,按照GBZ/T 192-2007对粉尘进行检测,按照GBZ/T 189.8-2007对噪声进行检测,按照GBZ/T 160-2004对毒物进行检测,按照GBZ/T 189.3-2007对工频进行检测,按照GBZ/T 189.7-2007对高温进行检测。结果该建设项目混料工粉尘浓度为7.1 mg/m3,监仓工粉尘浓度为6.9 mg/m3超出国家标准（GBZ 2.1-2007）的要求。其余各职业病危害因素均未超出国家标准要求。结论该项工程整体防护和个体防护需进一步加强和重视。     

中山市加油站职业病危害现状分析

目的 了解加油站从业人员接触职业病危害现状, 为提出相应的防控措施提供依据。
方法 采用抽样方法, 抽取中山市30家加油站进行职业病危害因素检测, 依据相关规范、标准进行检测, 并对436名从业人员进行职业健康检查。
结果 对40份油品进行挥发性成分分析, 除了溶剂汽油外, 还检出不同比例苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、正己烷等成分, 40份油品苯检出率60.0%(质量分数0.03%~1.90%)、二甲苯检出率52.5%(质量分数0.6%~6.0%), 甲苯检出率80.0%(质量分数1.2%~16.0%), 正己烷检出率79.8%(质量分数1.2%~7.6%), 乙苯检出率57.5%(质量分数0.6%~2.6%)。对30家加油站进行职业病危害因素检测, 个体检测显示空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、溶剂汽油和乙苯时间加权平均浓度(C_TWA)结果均未超过限值, 其中苯、乙苯低于检出限, 甲苯检出率47.1%(0.1~14.7 mg/m3), 二甲苯检出率47.1%(0.1~8.4 mg/m3), 正己烷检出率63.9%(0.1~3.3 mg/m3), 溶剂汽油检出率51.8%(0.1~88.8 mg/m3)。定点检测显示空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、溶剂汽油和乙苯短时间接触浓度(C_STEL)均未超过限值, 其中苯、二甲苯、乙苯低于检出限, 甲苯检出率14.3%(0.3~0.8 mg/m3), 溶剂汽油检出率42.8%(0.4~38.5 mg/m3)。加油站作业人员主要健康问题是心电图、血红蛋白、血红细胞异常率较高, 男性的红细胞、血压和心电图的异常率高于女性(P < 0.05), 工龄> 5年的加油站工作人员在血压、谷丙转氨酶和尿常规异常率方面均高于工龄≤ 5年的工作人员(P < 0.05), 加油工血压、尿常规和血糖异常率高于非加油工(P < 0.05)。
结论 加油站从业人员的苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、正己烷和溶剂汽油接触属于长期低浓度接触, 可能会对从业人员造成一定健康损害, 应加强加油站职业卫生监督管理工作。
     

河南地区油库及加油站职业病危害因素检测与分析

目的 了解河南地区油库及部分加油站的职业病危害因素,为制定防治对策提供依据.方法 采用职业卫生现场调查法,现场采样,按照《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》(GBZ 159-2004)进行选点和布点.根据《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分化学有害因素》(GBZ 2.1-2007)、《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分物理因素》(GBZ 2.2-2007)对检测数据进行评价、分析.结果 在油库和加油站中的主要职业病危害因素有苯、盐酸、汽油和噪声等.部分岗位噪声值达88.2 dB(A),汽油浓度达146 mg/m3,苯浓度达8.3 mg/m3.结论 噪声和苯是油库和加油站职业病危害关键控制点.     

某公司新建甲苯回收项目中苯和甲苯及二甲苯的监测

目的 分析甲苯回收项目存在的职业病危害因素及危害程度,为职业病危害控制提供依据.方法 按照GBZ 159-2004《工作场所空气有害物质的采样规范》,采用定点短时间方法采样.噪声测定依据GBZ/T 189.8-2007《工作场所物理因素测量噪声》规定按工人巡检路线确定噪声测定点,每处工作场所选3个测点取平均值记录,并根据工人停留时间计算8h等效连续A声级.结果 甲苯回收操作工接触的苯、甲苯、二甲苯的时间加权平均浓度(TWA)分别为2.9 mg/m3、13.2 mg/m3、＜3.3 mg/m3,甲苯工房苯、甲苯、二甲苯的短时间接触浓度(STEL)最大值为7.8 mg/m3、26.4 mg/m3,＜3.3mg/m3,氯化钙配制锅旁的盐酸监测浓度最大值为1.2 mg/m3,各岗位工人接触噪声8h等效声级为60.3～83.1 dB(A).结论 某化工有限公司新建甲苯回收项目正常生产过程中苯、甲苯、二甲苯和盐酸的浓度及噪声强度监测结果符合国家标准GBZ 2.1-2007及GBZ 2.2-2007.     

深圳某地区加油站职业病危害分析

目的了解深圳某地区加油站职业病危害因素及其浓度,探讨预防与控制职业病危害的有效措施。方法对深圳市某地区22家加油站进行作业环境职业病危害因素检测与评价,对汽油、柴油等油品进行挥发性有机组分分析。结果汽油、柴油等油品中主要挥发性有毒有害物质为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷等,加油站作业环境中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷时间加权浓度均低于检出限值,检测结果符合国家相关标准要求。结论加油站环境中的苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷等职业病危害因素检测结果符合国家标准要求,但仍有可能对加油工人健康产生一定的影响,应加强加油站职业卫生管理工作,督促加油站落实职业病防治控制措施。     

河南省某金矿选矿厂职业病危害因素与职业病现状调查

目的监测河南省某金矿选矿厂的职业病危害因素现状及其对工人健康的影响,为加强职业健康监护和劳动防护措施提供依据。方法按照GBZ159-2004的采样要求进行采样;按照GBZ/T 192-2007对粉尘进行检测;按照GBZ/T189.8-2007对噪声进行检测,分析工作场所中职业病危害因素对劳动者健康的影响。结果该厂下料工、破碎工、皮带工作业场所中粉尘浓度分别为2.1、5.8和6.8 mg/m^3,超出GBZ 2.1-2007的要求;破碎工、皮带工、球磨工、浮选工作业场所中噪声强度分别为94.2、92.8、91.9和90.8 dB（A）,超出GBZ 2.2-2007的要求;职业健康检查项目中B超（肝脏损伤）、心电图、胸片、血常规异常率分别为11.6%、9.3%、2.3%和4.6%。结论该厂职业病危害因素超标严重,对劳动者健康有一定的影响;整体防护和个体防护需进一步加强和重视。     

广东省某市加油站加油工职业病危害现状调查

目的了解某市加油站加油工的职业危害因素接触情况以及健康状况。方法通过对广东省某市石油公司的113家加油站进行职业卫生调查,分析该企业生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素情况;对现场作业工人进行职业健康检查,进一步分析存在的职业病危害因素对工人健康的影响。结果该石油公司的油品中含有苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、正己烷、环己烷、正辛烷、正庚烷、异戊烷、正戊烷、壬烷等职业病危害因素,工作场所检测结果显示所有检测项目均未超过职业卫生接触限值,但工作场所空气中苯的检出率为64.88%。健康检查结果显示,目标疾病相关异常率为6.08%。结论长期接触汽油和柴油可能对加油作业工人造成健康损害,应加强对加油作业工人的职业健康监护和职业卫生宣传。     

兰州市部分工作场所空气中苯系物浓度调查

苯、甲苯、二甲苯作为重要的化工原料应用越来越广泛,与此同时,工作场所中上述3种苯系物对人体的危害也日趋严重.GBZ2-2002《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》[1]规定了室内空气中上述3种苯系物的最高容许浓度:苯≤40 mg/m3,甲苯和二甲苯均≤100 mg/m3.为了解工作场所空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯的浓度,保护工作人员的身体健康,笔者于2006年3-9月对兰州市部分工作场所,特别对易产生上述3种苯系物的工作场所进行了采样分析.……     

江西省油库职业病危害因素检测与分析

目的了解江西省油库职业病危害因素的分布情况,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法通过现场职业卫生学调查对职业病危害因素进行识别,依照国家标准方法对职业病危害因素进行采样和检测,并依据《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》(GBZ 2-2007)对检测结果进行评价和分析。结果油库作业环境中存在的主要职业病危害因素为汽油、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等烃类化合物、盐酸以及噪声等。油库汽油浓度最高为52.4 mg/m3,低于国家标准限值;苯浓度最高可达9.07 mg/m3,接近国家标准限值10 mg/m3;油库消防泵房作业工人接触噪声强度最高可达84.13 d B(A),发电机房作业工人高达84.99 d B(A),接近国家标准限值85 d B(A);其他职业病危害因素的浓度均符合国家标准限值要求。结论苯和噪声是油库职业病危害关键控制点,应采取相应的防控措施。     

2004年济南市某公司焦化厂炼焦炉职业病危害因素调查

[目的]了解济南市某公司焦化厂炼焦炉职业病危害现状。[方法]根据工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范（GBZ 159-2004），在炼焦炉进行现场卫生学调查，并对职业病危害因素进行设点检测。[结果]检测粉尘、二氧化硫、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、硫化氢、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯可溶物、一氧化碳、噪声等均达到GBZ 1-2002和GBZ 2-2002标准要求。[结论]防护设施效果明显。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.