自酸蚀与全酸蚀粘接剂对牙釉质和牙本质的剪切粘接强度比较

目的 比较自酸蚀与伞酸蚀粘接剂对牙釉质和牙本质剪切粘接强度,以期为临床提供参考.方法 选择因牙周病拔除的上颌中切牙20颗,使用两种自酸蚀粘接剂[A(ClearfilTM Protect Bond)、B(AdporTM PromptTM)]和两种全酸蚀粘接剂[C(SwissTEC SL Bond)、D(Single Bond)]按照厂家推荐步骤对牙釉质和牙本质进行粘接,并测试牙釉质和牙本质粘接样本的剪切粘接强度.结果 4种粘接剂对牙釉质和牙本质粘接强度分别为:粘接剂A(25.33±2.84)、(26.07±5.56)MPa;粘接剂B(17.08±5.13)、(17.93±4.70)MPa;粘接剂C(33.14±6.05)、(41.92±6.25)MPa;粘接剂D(22.51±6.25)、(21.45±7.34)MPa.粘接剂C对牙釉质和牙本质剪切粘接强度显著高于其他3种粘接剂(P<0.05);粘接剂B的剪切粘接强度显著低于其他3种粘接剂(P<0.05).结论 本研究所选用的自酸蚀两步法粘接剂的剪切粘接强度与部分伞酸蚀粘接剂相当,高于自酸蚀一步法粘接剂.     

五种牙本质粘接剂对乳牙牙本质粘接性能的比较

目的 检测5种牙本质粘接剂对乳牙牙本质的粘接性能,为牙本质粘接剂的临床使用提供依据.方法 按随机数表法将75颗因滞留拔除的乳磨牙分为5组,每组15颗.各标本磨除表面牙釉质,暴露的牙本质面分别根据不同粘接系统的说明进行酸蚀粘接,树脂充填.使用A(FL-Bond Ⅱ)、B(Clearfil Protect Bond)、C(Clearfil SE Bond)、D(AdperTM Easy One)、E(Single Bond 2)粘接系统进行粘接(分别为A、B、C、D、E组),用微拉伸测试仪检测微拉伸强度.扫描电镜观察样本的断裂类型.结果 各组的微拉伸强度分别为A组:(28.3±2.2)MPa,B组:(32.4±2.5)MPa,C组:(38.3±2.8) MPa,D组:(32.9±3.4)MPa,E组:(23.2±1.9) MPa,C组与A、E组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),C组与B组、D组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),A组与E组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).扫描电镜观察显示各组的断裂类型均以混合断裂为主,各组间无明显差异.结论 粘接剂B的粘接强度与粘接剂C和D相同,优于粘接剂E,可能更适用于乳牙的粘接.     

三种粘接剂粘接不同牙本质的微拉伸粘接强度比较

目的采用微拉伸粘接强度实验测定3种牙本质粘接剂粘接楔状缺损处硬化牙本质的粘接强度。方法选择有典型楔状缺损并因牙周病拔除的上颌前磨牙30颗作为实验组，正常上颌前磨牙30颗作为对照组，使用粘接剂A（全酸蚀粘接剂Scotchbond Multi—Purpose）、B（一步法自酸蚀粘接剂Adper Prompt L-Pop）和C（两步法自酸蚀粘接剂Contax）处理硬化牙本质和正常牙本质表面，相应树脂修复。测试两组试件的微拉伸粘接强度。结果粘接剂A、B、C粘接硬化牙本质的微拉伸粘接强度分别为46．805MPa、39．045MPa、29．852MPa。粘接剂A和C与硬化牙本质的微拉伸粘接强度低于正常牙本质，而粘接剂B与之相反，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论牙颈部楔状缺损处硬化牙本质由于结构上的特殊性可造成粘接困难。酸性强有利于粘接剂与硬化牙本质的粘接。     

牙釉质与牙本质的透光率分析

目的：分析牙釉质及牙本质透光率与厚度和年龄的关系,为全瓷修复体更好模拟天然牙透光率提供实验基础。方法：利用爱色丽COlOri7分光光度仪分别对360例不同厚度（厚度为0．9mm、0．6mm、0．3ram）不同年龄（年龄范围13～71岁）的牙釉质、牙本质磨片进行透光率（T）的测量,采用SPSSl7．0软件对结果进行分析。结果：不同厚度的牙釉质及牙本质的透光率均存在显著差异,随厚度的减小而增大（P〈O．05）。牙釉质的透光率与年龄没有相关性,牙本质的透光率与年龄呈负相关（r=-0．401～-0．437）。相同厚度的牙釉质透光率均大于牙本质的透光率（P〈0．05）。结论：天然牙釉质与牙本质的透光率存在显著差异,并随厚度的变化而发生改变。牙本质的透光率随年龄增长而降低。因此,在全瓷修复时需选择不同透光率的底层瓷和饰瓷,并考虑其厚度比例以及不同年龄牙本质的透光率特性。     

六种粘接剂的牙本质粘接界面纳米渗漏比较

目的检测6种粘接剂粘接处理后牙本质粘接界面的纳米渗漏情况。方法选取12颗无龋人磨牙,用600目碳化硅砂纸在流水冲洗下预备出统一的牙本质粘接面玷污层。分别用6种粘接剂按使用说明进行粘接处理,切割成0.9mm厚试件,避光贮存于氨化硝酸银溶液中24h。透射电子显微镜下观察牙本质粘接界面的纳米渗漏情况,单因素方差分析比较各组银染颗粒分布面积比的均值。结果6种粘接剂的牙本质粘接界面在电子显微镜下均观察到明显的纳米渗漏,其中材料A[邦多,(16.09±2.08)%]、材料B[Single Bond,(13.39±1.81)%]和材料C[Prime&Bond NT,(11.27±1.94)%]之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);材料D[B1自酸蚀底涂剂,(12.13±2.11)%]与材料E[ClearfilTMSE Bond,(12.35±2.60)%]的差异无统计学意义,但两者的纳米渗漏均小于材料F[AdperTMPromptTM,(14.93±2.67)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论6种牙科粘接剂的牙本质粘接界面均存在不同程度的纳米渗漏。     

人牙釉质、牙本质矿化成分的晶体特性

目的　对比研究人乳、恒牙牙釉质和牙本质矿化成分 (牙磷灰石 )的晶体特性。方法　应用X射线衍射、红外光谱和电子探针等方法对牙釉质、牙本质磷灰石进行了检测。结果　牙磷灰石不是由单一成分组成 ,而是一种生物混晶 ,其主要物相组成为含有多种微量成分的碳羟磷灰石。与牙本质相比 ,牙釉质的结晶度高且晶体晶胞参数的a轴膨胀。晶体晶胞参数计算显示人恒牙牙釉质磷灰石为 :a =9 4 5 0 ,c =6 890 ;牙本质 :a =9 4 33 ,c =6 890 。人乳牙牙釉质 :a =9 4 6 2 ,c =6 910 ;牙本质 :a =9 4 4 2 ,c =6 910 。成分分析显示 ,牙本质中Mg、CO3 2 -含量均高于牙釉质 ,而牙釉质中Cl含量较高。结论　乳、恒牙牙釉质与牙本质磷灰石在结晶性和晶胞参数等方面的差异可能与Mg、CO3 2 -、Cl等重要微量成分有关     

漂白对人牙釉质与树脂粘接强度的影响

目的 研究漂白对人牙釉质深层与树脂粘接强度的影响,探讨漂白后瓷贴面修复的粘接时机.方法 96个人恒牙试件均分为6个组,第1组不漂白,直接磨除釉质0.6～0.8 mm,第2～6组分别在35%过氧化氢漂白剂冷光辅助漂白后即刻、1、4、7、14 d磨除釉质0.6～0.8 mm,分别用粘接剂A(One-step plus)和B(Single bond)粘接.测量拉伸强度,作为粘接强度.结果 每个时间点两种粘接剂粘接强度的差异无统计学意义(P>0.01).A和B两种粘接剂中,第2、3、4组粘接强度[(17.79±3.53)和(19.41±3.37)MPa、(17.50±4.29)和(19.66±3.48)MPa、(18.39±3.58)和(19.53±3.21)MPa]比第1组[(25.94±4.88)和(28.02±4.36)MPa]降低约30%;第5组粘接强度[(22.46±3.98)和(23.74±5.04)MPa]与第1组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.01);第6组粘接强度[(26.03±4.47)和(27.88±4.78)MPa]与第1组相差不大.结论 漂白后人牙釉质深层与树脂粘接剂的粘接强度明显下降,最好在漂白两周后进行瓷贴面粘接.     

四种自酸蚀粘接剂牙本质粘接界面纳米渗漏比较

目的 比较4种自酸蚀粘接剂牙本质粘接界面纳米渗漏及微观形态。方法 选取16颗无龋人离体第三磨牙,制备统一的牙本质玷污层,分别用4种自酸蚀粘接剂A( Adper Prompt)、B( iBond)、C(XenoⅢ)及D(SE Bond)按使用说明进行粘接处理,垂直粘接面切成0.9 mmx4.0 mm试件,避光贮存于氨...     

Nd:YAG激光增加非龋性硬化牙本质全酸蚀粘接强度的实验研究

目的 通过微拉伸粘接强度实验,探讨激光对全酸蚀粘接剂处理后的非龋性硬化牙本质与复合树脂粘接强度的影响.方法 选择牙本质视觉分级为3级以上的(牙合)面磨损后牙10颗,每颗牙以低速锯垂直于牙本质表面,将硬化牙本质分为面积相等的两部分(约12 mm2),按随机数字表法将这两部分分为实验组和对照组,实验组经Nd∶YAG激光(1 W,10 Hz)处理后,使用Scotchbond (STB)酸蚀、涂布粘接剂Adper Single bond 2(ASB)联合Z350复合树脂充填,对照组使用STB酸蚀、涂布粘接剂ASB联合Z350复合树脂充填.置于37 ℃生理盐水中24 h后,制作微拉伸试件并测试微拉伸粘接强度,体视显微镜下观察断裂模式并分类.采用SPSS13.0软件对微拉伸粘接强度值做t检验.结果 实验组粘接强度[(26.11±1. 62)Mpa]显著高于对照组[(22.27±2.16)Mpa],差异有统计学意义(P=0.006).体视显微镜下可见断裂多发生于牙本质-树脂粘接面.结论 Nd∶YAG激光能够提高硬化牙本质与全酸蚀粘接系统的粘接强度.     

Er, Cr: YSGG激光照射后牙体硬组织抗酸性变化的研究

目的 对Er，Cr：YSGG激光照射后牙体硬组织人工龋蚀的抗酸性变化进行体外研究，为其临床应用提供有价值的理论依据。方法 牙釉质标本采用6W，牙本质标本采用4W Er，Cr：YSGG激光照射6s，0．1mol／L乳酸脱矿，原子吸收分光光度计检测脱矿液中溶解的钙离子浓度，能谱分析仪进行原子含量分析，扫描电镜观察牙体硬组织表面结构变化。结果 Er，Cr：YSGG激光照射后牙釉质和牙本质的钙离子溶出浓度均显著低于对照组，钙含量在牙釉质和牙本质均显著高于对照组，磷含量在牙釉质和牙本质标本中都增高，但仅在牙釉质组差异有统计学意义，钙／磷重量比差异均无统计学意义。激光照射后釉质表面不平呈鳞片状，无玷污层，釉质结构清晰可见；牙本质小管开放，无熔融及碳化。结论 Er，Cr：YSGG激光照射后牙体硬组织抗酸性增强，而且激光照射不对牙体硬组织造成热损伤。     

羟基磷灰石脱敏剂对通用型粘接剂粘接性能的影响

目的探讨含羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)的脱敏剂对不同粘接模式下通用型粘接剂粘接性能的影响,为脱敏处理后粘接剂的使用提供依据。方法选取因阻生而拔除的第三磨牙60颗(西安交通大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科提供)。将4颗牙制备为1 mm厚牙本质片,1%柠檬酸处理建立牙本质敏感模型,分为对照组(无任何处理)、脱敏牙膏A和B组(分别用含HA的脱敏牙膏Biorepair和Dontodent Sensitive处理)、脱敏糊剂组(HA糊剂处理)(每组2片),扫描电镜观察各组牙本质表面形貌。剩余牙暴露冠中部牙本质并建立牙本质敏感模型,分入上述4组进行相应处理。每组再分为2个亚组,使用中强酸型通用型粘接剂(G-Premio Bond)分别在酸蚀-冲洗模式或自酸蚀模式下进行粘接,堆塑树脂,制备树脂-牙本质片状试件(每亚组4个)、微拉伸试件(每亚组20个)和片状试件(每亚组6个),分别进行粘接界面微观结构和纳米渗漏情况扫描电镜观察、微拉伸强度(粘接强度)测试及断裂模式记录、粘接界面水渗透情况激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察。结果扫描电镜显示,脱敏牙膏和脱敏糊剂处理均可部分或完全封闭多数牙本质小管。对于酸蚀-冲洗模式,脱敏牙膏A、B组和脱敏糊剂组粘接强度[分别为(40.98±4.60)、(40.89±4.64)和(41.48±3.65)MPa]均显著大于对照组[(38.58±4.28)MPa](F=3.89,P<0.05);对于自酸蚀模式,4组粘接强度差异均无统计学意义(F=0.48,P>0.05);各组自酸蚀粘接模式粘接强度均显著大于同组酸蚀-冲洗粘接模式(P<0.05)。4组总体断裂模式主要为混合破坏和界面破坏。扫描电镜观察显示,酸蚀-冲洗模式下粘接界面银染颗粒沿混合层底部呈斑点状分布,自酸蚀模式几乎不存在银染颗粒沉积。激光扫描共聚焦显微镜显示酸蚀-冲洗模式混合层内存在连续线状渗透,自酸蚀模式混合层内呈不连续线状渗透。结论含HA的脱敏剂处理对中强酸型通用型粘接剂的粘接性能无不利影响,搭配自酸蚀粘接模式可获得良好的粘接效果。     

人牙釉质及牙本质的纳米硬度与显微结构关系的研究

目的 研究人牙釉质和牙本质的纳米硬度与显微组织的关系.方法 利用纳米力学探针、透射电镜及红外光谱仪等设备分别对牙釉质和牙本质的纳米硬度及组织结构进行了测定.结果 牙釉质的平均纳米硬度[(4.92±0.40)GPa]高于牙本质[(1.17±0.14)GPa];结构分析显示,在牙釉质中存在大量晶格条纹均匀排列的羟基磷灰石晶体,而在牙本质中未观察到晶体结构.结论 牙釉质与牙本质纳米硬度的差异同二者结构的致密度、无机物的形态及相结构有关.     

A study of the physical and chemical properties of four resin composite luting cements

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the surface microhardness and flexural and compressive strengths of five luting cements and compared the degree of conversion of dual and autopolymerized forms of four resin-based luting cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four resin composite luting cements-Panavia F, Variolink 2, RelyX Unicem Applicap, and RelyX ARC-and a polycarboxylate cement (Durelon, control group) were used in three-point bending, compression, and Vickers hardness tests following water storage for 1 week. Resin composite cements were additionally investigated with both dual and autopolymerization techniques under Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The highest flexural strengths were obtained with Variolink 2 (90 MPa, SD 22), whereas the lowest were observed with Durelon (28 MPa, SD 4). RelyX Unicem showed the highest hardness values (44 HV, SD 5), whereas Variolink 2 gave the lowest (32 HV, SD 6). The highest compressive strengths were obtained with RelyX Unicem (145 MPa, SD 32), whereas the lowest were observed with Durelon (41 MPa, SD 17). For both dual and autopolymerized groups, RelyX ARC showed the highest degrees of conversion (81% and 61%, respectively) and RelyX Unicem had the lowest (56% and 26%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Resin composite luting cements of similar chemical characterizations differed in their physical properties, and polymerization method influenced their degree of conversion.     

放射线对牙体硬组织及其抗酸溶解性影响的研究

目的　观测离体牙釉质、牙本质在照射放射线后的结构、胶原及抗酸溶解性的变化 ,探讨放射性龋发生的可能机制。方法　 5 6颗牙牙冠的牙釉质标本及 6 3颗牙牙根的牙本质标本分别经30、5 0、70Gy放射线照射后用SEM观察釉质及牙本质的结构、用组化方法观察牙本质胶原的变化、用人工龋实验观察对其抗酸溶解性的影响。结果　不同剂量的放射线照射后均可改变釉质的形貌 ,降低釉质的抗酸溶解性 ,各实验组间未见明显差别 ;5 0、70Gy组照射后可改变牙本质的形貌、牙本质胶原溶解性 ,降低牙本质的抗酸溶解性 ,30Gy组对牙本质的改变与对照组相似。 结论　放射线照射后牙釉质和牙本质的结构和某些成分都会发生一定程度的破坏 ,这可能是导致放射性龋的原因之一。     

Efficacy of various cleaning solutions on saliva-contaminated zirconia for improved resin bonding

PURPOSE

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of cleaning solutions on saliva-contaminated zirconia in comparison to air-abrasion in terms of resin bonding.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

For saliva-contaminated airabraded zirconia, seven cleaning methods)-no contamination (NC), water-spray rinsing (WS), additional airabrasion (AA), and cleaning with four solutions (Ivoclean [IC]; 1.0 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], 1.0 wt% hydrogen peroxide [HP], and 1.0 wt% sodium hypochlorite [SHC])-were tested. The zirconia surfaces for each group were characterized using various analytical techniques. Three bonded resin (Panavia F 2.0) cylinders (bonding area: 4.5 mm²) were made on one zirconia disk specimen using the Ultradent jig method [four disks (12 cylinders)/group; a total of 28 disks]. After 5,000 thermocycling, all specimens were subjected to a shear bond strength test with a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute. The fractured surfaces were observed using an optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

RESULTS

Contact angle measurements showed that groups NC, AA, IC, and SHC had hydrophilic surfaces. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed similar elemental distributions between group AA and groups IC and SHC. Groups IC and SHC showed statistically similar bond strengths to groups NC and AA (P>.05), but not groups SDS and HP (P<.05). For groups WS, SDS, and HP, blister-like bubble formations were observed on the surfaces under SEM.

CONCLUSION

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, some of the cleaning solutions (IC or SHC) were effective in removing saliva contamination and enhancing the resin bond strength.     

Is the presence of 10-MDP associated to higher bonding performance for self-etching adhesive systems? A meta-analysis of in vitro studies

ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the literature on the bond strength of self-etching (SE) adhesives containing 10-MDP or other acidic functional monomers, comparing the bonding performance of both compositions.MethodsThis study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020175715) and it followed the PRISMA Statement. The literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, LILACS, IBECS, and BBO from the starting coverage date through 30 June 2021. Study eligibility criteria consisted of in vitro studies that evaluated the bond strength (microtensile, microshear, tensile or shear testing) to sound dentin/enamel of a minimum of two distinct SE systems, with at least one material containing 10-MDP and one other being comprised of a distinct acidic composition. Statistical analyses were carried out with RevMan 5.3.5 and using random-effects models with the significance level at p < 0.05. Also, Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted using MetaInsight V3 tool.ResultsFrom 740 relevant studies evaluated in full-text analysis, 210 were incorporated to the systematic review and 206 in meta-analysis. The majority of studies was classified as having medium risk of bias (56.7%), followed by low (35.2%) and high (8.1%) risk of bias. Data from a total of 64 adhesive systems were collected, which favored the 10-MDP-based group at both dentin (overall effect: 6.98; 95% CI: 5.61, 8.36; p < 0.00001) and enamel (overall effect: 2.79; 95% CI: 1.62, 3.96; p < 0.00001) substrates. Microtensile testing was more frequently used (73.4%) in the included studies. Adhesives based on 10-MDP showed greater bonding performance than adhesives comprised of monomers such as PENTA, 6-MHP, 4-META, 4-MET, pyrophosphate esters, mixed composition or monomers derived from sulfonic acid (p ≤ 0.01); whereas similar bond strength values were verified between 10-MDP-based materials and those containing PEM-F, acrylamide phosphates, 4-AET, MAC-10, or monomers derived from polyacrylic and phosphonic acids (p ≥ 0.05). Adhesives based on GPDM were the only ones that resulted in greater bonding potential than the 10-MDP-based group (p = 0.03). Dental bonds in dentin were favored with the application of 2-step 10-MDP-based adhesives; whereas in enamel the dental bonds were favored for both 2-steps versions of adhesives, regardless of the presence of 10-MDP. Indirect evidence from NMA revealed that 1-step 10-MDP-free and universal 10-MDP-free adhesives seemed to perform worst in dentin and enamel, respectively.SignificanceAdhesives containing 10-MDP showed higher bonding performance than materials formulated with other acidic ingredients, although this result relied on the type of mechanical testing, type of the substrate, acidic composition of the adhesive, and the application category of the SE system. This review summarized the effects of the foregoing factors on the adhesion to dental substrates.     

不同复合树脂对瓷和树脂黏结强度的影响

目的:比较不同光固化复合树脂对瓷和树脂黏结强度的影响。方法:将3种光固化复合树脂黏固于经过表面处理的瓷表面,制成黏结试件,进行剪切强度测试。结果:Charisma、Esthet-X、AP-X三种树脂与瓷之间产生的黏结强度分别为15. 46、36. 39、25. 72MPa。结论:AP-X树脂与瓷之间的黏结性能较好,但对操作技术较为敏感。